James Earickson (December 7, 1782 – June 11, 1844) was a U.S. politician from Missouri.

James Earickson was born in Isle of Kent, Maryland, and moved to Howard County, Missouri in 1818. He was elected to the Missouri State Senate as a Democrat in August, 1828. Less than five months later, in January, 1829, he was appointed as State Treasurer of Missouri. The city of Glasgow, Missouri was created in 1836 from land partially contributed by Earickson. On a personal note, he was married to the former Rebecca Malone and had three children. One of his granddaughters, Jane Perry Francis was married to David R. Francis who served as Governor of Missouri from 1889 to 1893.