The Most Reverend

James Edward Walsh

M.M.
Bishop of Kongmoon
Group portrait of Maryknoll Fathers: Walsh (centre) with Auguste Gauthier (left) and Francis Xavier Ford (right).
ChurchRoman Catholic Church
InstalledFebruary 1, 1927
Term endedJuly 1936
SuccessorBishop Adolph John Paschang
Other post(s)Titular Bishop of Sata
Orders
Ordination7 Dec 1915
Consecration22 May 1927
Personal details
Born
James Edward Walsh

1891 April 30
Cumberland, Maryland
DiedJuly 29, 1981(1981-07-29) (aged 90)
Maryknoll, Ossining
BuriedMaryknoll, Ossining[1]
NationalityAmerican
Occupation
MottoPrimum regnum Dei
Coat of armsJames Edward Walsh's coat of arms

James Edward Walsh, MM (April 30, 1891 – July 29, 1981)[2] was an American Roman Catholic priest and a bishop in China. He was a member of the Maryknoll order, and a missionary in China.[3]

Early life

Father Walsh was born in Cumberland, Maryland on April 30, 1891 to Mary Concannon and William E. Walsh. He was the second child of nine. After graduating at age 19 from Mount St. Mary's College, he worked as a timekeeper in a steel mill for two years until he became aware of Maryknoll, a new American order. In 1915, he became the second priest ordained in this order.[2]

China

Fr Walsh in China

He and three other men were sent on the order's first foreign mission to China in the year 1918. The other three were Father Thomas Frederick Price, one of the founders of Maryknoll and Superior of the group; Father Francis Xavier Ford; and Father Bernard F. Meyer.

Fr. Walsh and Fr. Meyer arrived first, Fr. Price and Fr. Ford some weeks later. Their first point of debarkation in South China was the British colony of Hong Kong on 30 October 1918. While they were in Hong Kong, they stayed briefly with the Paris Foreign Mission Fathers at Battery Path.[4] From Hong Kong, they went to Yeungkong (now known as Yangjiang) and started their missionary work in China there.

Walsh's early years in China were chaotic, and included being captured by bandits and caught in bloody local conflicts.[5] At the age of thirty-six, on 22 May 1927 he was consecrated Maryknoll's first bishop and served the Diocese of Kongmoon (now known as Jiangmen) in China. The ceremony was held on Sancian Island (now called Shangchuan Island), a lonely spot off the coast of South China where St. Francis Xavier, the Apostle to the Indies, died in 1552.[3][4]

In 1936, Bishop Walsh left China to return to the United States as head of Maryknoll. During his ten-year term he oversaw Maryknoll's first missions to Latin America and Africa.[5] In November to December 1940, he and Father James M. Drought, his assistant went to Japan to take part in the diplomatic negotiation between US and Japan.[6] However, following the Holy See's special request for his service in China, he returned to take charge of the Catholic Central Bureau in Shanghai in 1948 to coordinate mission activities in China.[3]

When the Communist Party of China seized power in 1949 they began harassing Catholic clergymen. The Catholic Central Bureau was shut down by the government in 1951. When Walsh's superiors in Maryknoll inquired about his safety he responded by saying, "To put up with a little inconvenience at my age is nothing. Besides, I am sick and tired of being pushed around on account of my religion."[3]

Although he anticipated arrest, Walsh chose to stay and tend to his congregation.[5] He was eventually apprehended by communist authorities in 1958 and sentenced to twenty years in prison. He spent twelve years of his prison sentence in isolation and was suddenly released in 1970. He was deported via a footbridge to freedom in Hong Kong on 10 July 1970.[3] He is believed to be the last of 7,000 foreign missionaries to be expelled from China after the Communist Revolution in 1949.[7]

Walsh stated he held "no bitterness toward those who tried and condemned me", and spoke approvingly of favorable relations between United States and China. His release was an important gesture leading to the thawing of relations with President Nixon's visit to China in 1972.[7]

Death

Bishop James E. Walsh returned to the United States and died at the age of ninety on July 29, 1981, in Maryknoll, New York, from a heart ailment.[2]

Bishop Walsh Primary School [zh] in Hong Kong, founded 1963, was named to commemorate his missionary achievements.[8]

Bibliography

Written works

Biographical accounts

References

  1. ^ "Bishop James Edward Walsh". Catholic-Hierarchy. Retrieved 2021-06-22.
  2. ^ a b c "M. Rev. James E. Walsh Biography" (PDF). Knights of Columbus, St. Pius X Council #4076. 29 July 2000. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 Feb 2012. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  3. ^ a b c d e Our Sunday Visitor, "They go after priests", Robert P. Lockwood, December 10, 2006, page 17
  4. ^ a b Smith, Jim, Downs, William (1978), Maryknoll Hong Kong Chronicle 1918 - 1975 (Chronicle), Catholic foreign Mission Society of America((citation)): CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  5. ^ a b c d Wiest, Jean-Paul. "Walsh, James Edward". Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Christianity. Retrieved 2021-06-22.
  6. ^ Boyle, John H. (May 1965). "The Drought-Walsh Mission to Japan". Pacific Historical Review. 34 (2): 141–161. doi:10.2307/3636990. JSTOR 3636990. Retrieved 21 September 2022.
  7. ^ a b Barbanel, Josh (1981-07-30). "BISHOP JAMES E. WALSH DIES; MISSIONARY JAILED BY CHINESE". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2021-06-22.
  8. ^ "學校歷史". Bishop Walsh School (in Chinese). 2018. Retrieved 22 June 2021.
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Catholic Church titles Preceded byCreated Vicar Apostolic of Kongmoon 1924 – 1936 Succeeded byAdolph J. Paschang, M.M. Preceded byCreated Titular Bishop of Sata 1927 – 1981 Succeeded byVacant
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