James Gillingham (1839–1924)[1] was a prosthetic limb manufacturer based in Chard, Somerset[2] in the 19th century[3] and one of the first to have photographs taken of his works.[4]
Gillingham was educated at Chard School.[5]
Gillingham was a Victorian boot and shoemaker[6] at his Golden Shoe shop[7] until 1863 when he began making artificial limbs from leather and molded like a pair of shoes.[8] His first prosthetic limb was for William Singleton,[9] a local man who lost an arm firing a cannon for a celebratory salute, which Gillingham made at no cost to Singleton.[8] He then made prostheses on a permanent basis. Chard, as a result, became a major centre of the British artificial limb industry.[1] Samples from Gillingham's workshop are on display at the Chard Museum.[10]
The Lancet medical journal in a 1868 article described Gillingham's prostheses as "strong, light, and durable" and took 10 days to make, were "easy wearing and not likely to get out of repair; simple in construction, and as beautiful as life in appearance."[11] Nicknamed the 'Leather Leg', Gillingham molded the leather to the patient's limb before hardening it. By 1910, he had restored mobility and function to more than 15,000 patients.[12] He took black-and-white photos to show the detail and fit of each prosthetic.[8]
Gillingham's story was included in the BBC One 2017 documentary titled Invented in… that featured the Chard Museum.[6]
In 2001, author Derrick W. Warren wrote the book James Gillingham: Surgical Mechanist & Manufacturer of Artificial Limbs, published by Somerset Industrial Archaeological Society.[13]