James Humphrey (October 9, 1811 – June 16, 1866) was a U.S. Representative from New York.

Born in Fairfield, Connecticut, Humphrey pursued classical studies under his father Heman Humphrey. He was graduated from Amherst College in 1831. He studied law. He was admitted to the bar and practiced. He moved to Louisville, Kentucky, in 1837 and one year later to Brooklyn, New York.

Humphrey was elected as a Republican to the Thirty-sixth Congress (March 4, 1859 – March 3, 1861). He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1860 to the Thirty-seventh Congress and for election in 1862 to the Thirty-eighth Congress.

Humphrey was elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress and served from March 4, 1865, until his death in Brooklyn, New York, June 16, 1866. He served as chairman of the Committee on Expenditures in the Department of the Navy (Thirty-ninth Congress). He was interred in Greenwood Cemetery.