You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reasons:

This IP address has been blocked from editing Wikipedia.
This does not affect your ability to read Wikipedia pages.
Most people who see this message have done nothing wrong. Some kinds of blocks restrict editing from specific service providers or telecom companies in response to recent abuse or vandalism, and can sometimes affect other users who are unrelated to that abuse. Review the information below for assistance if you do not believe that you have done anything wrong.

The IP address or range 44.202.0.0/16 has been blocked (disabled) by ‪Blablubbs‬ for the following reason(s):

The IP address that you are currently using has been blocked because it is believed to be a web host provider or colocation provider. To prevent abuse, web hosts and colocation providers may be blocked from editing Wikipedia.
You will not be able to edit Wikipedia using a web host or colocation provider because it hides your IP address, much like a proxy or VPN.
We recommend that you attempt to use another connection to edit. For example, if you use a proxy or VPN to connect to the internet, turn it off when editing Wikipedia. If you edit using a mobile connection, try using a Wi-Fi connection, and vice versa. If you are using a corporate internet connection, switch to a different Wi-Fi network. If you have a Wikipedia account, please log in.
If you do not have any other way to edit Wikipedia, you will need to request an IP block exemption.

How to appeal if you are confident that your connection does not use a colocation provider's IP address:
If you are confident that you are not using a web host, you may appeal this block by adding the following text on your talk page: ((unblock|reason=Caught by a colocation web host block but this host or IP is not a web host. My IP address is _______. Place any further information here. ~~~~)). You must fill in the blank with your IP address for this block to be investigated. Your IP address can be determined here. Alternatively, if you wish to keep your IP address private you can use the unblock ticket request system. There are several reasons you might be editing using the IP address of a web host or colocation provider (such as if you are using VPN software or a business network); please use this method of appeal only if you think your IP address is in fact not a web host or colocation provider.

Administrators: The IP block exemption user right should only be applied to allow users to edit using web host in exceptional circumstances, and requests should usually be directed to the functionaries team via email. If you intend to give the IPBE user right, a CheckUser needs to take a look at the account. This can be requested most easily at SPI Quick Checkuser Requests. Unblocking an IP or IP range with this template is highly discouraged without at least contacting the blocking administrator.

This block will expire on 21:04, 17 October 2024.

Even when blocked, you will usually still be able to edit your user talk page, as well as email administrators and other editors.

For information on how to proceed, please read the FAQ for blocked users and the guideline on block appeals. The guide to appealing blocks may also be helpful.

Other useful links: Blocking policy · Help:I have been blocked
Your IP address is in a range that has been blocked on all Wikimedia Foundation wikis. The block was made by ‪AntiCompositeNumber‬. The reason given is Open proxy/Webhost: Visit the FAQ if you are affected .
- Start of block: 13:55, 18 August 2022
- Expiry of block: 13:55, 18 September 2024
Your current IP address is 44.202.110.166. The blocked range is 44.202.0.0/16. Please include all above details in any queries you make. If you believe you were blocked by mistake, you can find additional information and instructions in the No open proxies global policy. Otherwise, to discuss the block please post a request for review on Meta-Wiki. You could also send an email to the stewards VRT queue at stewards@wikimedia.org including all above details.

You can view and copy the source of this page:

((Short description|Korean traditional drum))
((more citations needed|date=April 2015))
((Infobox instrument
| name                  = Janggu
| names                 = 
| image                 = Janggu.jpg 
| image_capt            = A ''janggu'' drum on its side
| background            = percussion
| classification        = [[Drum]] ([[buk (drum)|buk]])
| articles              = 
| sound sample = [[File:Janggu.ogg|thumb|center|[[Imsil Pilbong nongak]] played on the ''janggu'' (((transliteration|ko|hwi-mori)) 휘모리)]]
))

((Infobox Korean name
|hangul=[[wikt:장고|장고]] or [[wikt:장구|장구]]
|hanja=[[wiktionary:杖|杖]][[wiktionary:鼓|鼓]]
|rr=janggo or janggu
|mr=changgo or changgu
|))
The '''''janggu''''' (((Korean|장구)), also transliterated as '''''janggo''''' or '''''changgo''''') or sometimes called '''''seyogo'''''<!--need hanja--> (slim waist drum) is the most representative drum in [[Traditional music of Korea|traditional Korean music]].<ref>((cite web|title=장구와 장단|url=http://academy.gugak.go.kr/dp/pds/HTML5-2-4-2/HTML5-2-4-2-3/index.htm|website=National Gugak Center|access-date=26 April 2017))</ref> It consists of an [[hourglass]]-shaped body with two heads made from animal skin.<!--The animals need to be specified.--> The two heads produce sounds of different [[Pitch (music)|pitch]] and [[timbre]], which when played together are believed to represent the harmonious joining of [[Yin and yang|Um and Yang]].<ref>((Cite book|last=Howard|first=Keith|title=Perspectives on Korean Music Vol. 2: Creating Korean Music|publisher=Ashgate Publishing Ltd.|year=2006|location=Aldershot|pages=31–32))</ref> The janggu is one of the four components of [[samul nori]] (사물놀이), alongside the [[buk (drum)|buk]] (북), [[Jing (instrument)|jing]] (징) and [[kkwaenggwari]] (꽹과리).

==History==
The earliest depictions of the instrument were inscribed on a [[bell (instrument)|bell]] belonging to the [[Silla]] (57 BC–935 AD) period and in a mural painting of the same period in [[Goguryeo]] (37 BC–668 AD) tomb.<ref name=":0">((cite book|last1=Yi|first1=Yong-sik|title=Shaman Ritual Music in Korea|year=2004|publisher=Jimoondang International|isbn=9781931897105|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_iwTAQAAMAAJ&q=%22The+history+of+the+janggu+can+be+traced+back+through+visual+depictions+on+old+murals+in+tombs+of+the+Goguryeo+dynasty+(the+fourth+and+fifth+centuries+C.E.).%22|access-date=25 March 2017|language=en))</ref> The oldest written records about an hourglass-shaped drum may be traced to the reign of [[Munjong of Goryeo|King Munjong]] (1047–1084) of [[Goryeo]] as a field instrument.<!--Does this mean a military instrument, used in battle?--> The Korean record from 1451 titled ''[[Goryeo-sa]]'', or History of Goryeo, in chapter 70, records twenty ''janggu'' as the gifts of instruments to be used in the banquet attended by the [[Song Dynasty]] Emperor [[Emperor Huizong of Song|Huizong]] to the [[Goryeo]] Court in [[Kaesong|Gaeseong]] in 1114. This book also notes the earliest appearance of the word ''janggu'' in a Korean source. Later in chapter 80, for the year 1076,<!--Why does this year, which is earlier than 1114, appear later in the history book?--> the term ''janggu-opsa'' (one who plays or teaches the ''janggu'') is used.

== Structure ==
The ''janggu'' may have evolved from the ''yogo'' (((Korean|요고|腰鼓)); literally "waist drum"), another similar but smaller Korean drum that is still in use today. The ''yogo'' is thought to have originated from the ''[[idakka]]'', an Indian instrument introduced to Korea from [[India]] during [[Silla]] (57 BC–935 AD) period. Evidence of the ''yogo'' was depicted on the mural paintings in the tomb of [[Jipanhyun of Goguryeo]], and from the pictures at the Gameun Temple, the Relics of Buddha, made of bronze in the second year of [[Mun of Silla|King Mun]] (682) during the [[Unified Silla]] period. It was during the time of [[Goryeo]] that the size of the ''Janggu'' grew to its present-day standard.

''Jorongmok'' is the round tube in the middle connecting the left and right side of the hourglass-shaped body. The size of the ''jorongmok'' determines the quality of the tone: the wider the tube, the deeper and huskier it sounds; the narrower the tube, the harder and snappier it sounds.

The two skin heads are lapped onto metal hoops placed over the open ends of the body and secured by [[rope]] counter-loops. The left head (''book'' side) named ''gungpyeon'' is covered with a thick cowhide, horsehide, or deerskin to produce deep and low [[Musical tone|tones]]. The right side (''chae'' side) named ''chaepyeon'' is covered with either dog skin or a lighter horsehide to produce higher tones.

There are two kinds of beating sticks (''chae''), namely ''gungchae'' and ''yeolchae''. The ''gungchae'' is shaped like a mallet with a round head. The handle is made from [[bamboo]] root, boiled and straightened out and the head is made from hardwood such as [[birch]] or [[antler]]. Modern ''gungchae'' may also be made from plastic; this variety is normally used by beginning musicians. The ''yeolchae'' is always made from [[bamboo]].

==Playing==

[[File:Korean.Music-Janggu-01.jpg|thumb|right|A performer playing ''janggu'']]''<nowiki/><nowiki/><nowiki/><nowiki/>''
''Janggu'' is used throughout traditional Korean instrumental music, such as court music(''궁중음악''), wind music(''풍류음악)'', folk music(''민속음악)'' and shamanistic music(''무속음악)'', as well as traditional performing arts divisions such as vocal music and dance and Yeonhui(''연희)''.

[[Pungmul|Nongak(Pungmul)]], which only plays percussion instruments, serves to make the rhythms of percussion music colorful by playing finely divided rhythms of the combined notes of several percussion instruments.<ref>((Cite web|url=http://folkency.nfm.go.kr/kr/topic/detail/6327|title=장고|website=[[Encyclopedia of Korean Folk Culture]]|language=ko|access-date=2019-03-22))</ref>

Traditionally the ''janggu'' is played using ''[[yeolchae]]'' on the right hand high [[Pitch (music)|pitch]] area and uses the bare hand on the low pitch area. Such an example can be seen on ''[[pungmul]]'' players for a number of [[folk song]]s and shamanistic [[rituals]]. But today, it is common to see the use of ''gungchae'' and ''yeolchae'' together. 'Gungchae' is used to play the low pitch side. With ''yeolchae'', you can make the sound ''<nowiki/>'tta(따)','' and with ''gungchae'' sound ''<nowiki/>'gung(궁)'<nowiki/>''. When you use it at the same time, you can make the sound ''<nowiki/>'deong(덩)'''.<ref>((Citation|last=한국아동국악교육협회|title=장구 기본장단|date=2013-04-03|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HNbn5b-E2kM&t=287s|access-date=2019-03-15))((cbignore))((Dead YouTube link|date=February 2022))</ref> ''Janggu'' can be played on the floor such as for traditional [[sanjo (music)|sanjo]] music or carried with a strap on the shoulder. The way performers carry the Janggu differs from person to person, from region to region and varies depending on his or her taste.

The ''janggu'' is usually classified as an accompanying instrument because of its flexible nature and its agility with complex [[rhythm]]s. Since the performer can use his or her hands as well as sticks, various sounds and [[Tempo|tempi]], deep and full, soft and tender, and loud sounds, and fast and slow [[beat (music)|beats]], can be created to suit the mood of the audience. Using this ability, a dextrous performer can [[dance]] along moving his or her shoulders up and down to the rhythm.

===Sound===
((Listen
| header = [[Imsil Pilbong nongak]] played on the ''janggu'', including the six kinds of ''chae-gut'' (채굿)
| filename    =  된삼채.ogg
| title       = ((transliteration|ko|doen-samchae)) (된삼채, to play the ((transliteration|ko|samchae))  fast)
| filename2    =  느린갠지갱.ogg
| title2      = Slow ((transliteration|ko|gaenjigaeng)) (느린-갠지갱)
| filename3    = 일채.ogg
| title3     = ((transliteration|ko|ilchae)) (일채)
| filename4    = 이채.ogg
| title4     = ((transliteration|ko|ichae)) (이채)
| filename5    = 삼채.ogg
| title5     = ((transliteration|ko|samchae)) (삼채)
| filename6    = 사채.ogg
| title6     = ((transliteration|ko|sachae)) (사채)
| filename7    = 육채.ogg
| title7     = ((transliteration|ko|yukchae)) (육채)
| filename8    = 칠채.ogg
| title8     = ((transliteration|ko|chilchae)) (칠채)
| pos = left
| style = clear:both; float:none
))

==See also==
((Commons category|Janggu))
*[[Hourglass drum]]
*[[Traditional Korean musical instruments]]
*[[Korean music]]

==References==
((Reflist))
*Nathan, Hesselink (2006).P'ungmul: South Korean Drumming and Dance. University of Chicago Press.

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20111001034634/http://www.visitseoul.net/en/article/article.do?_method=view&art_id=3079&lang=en&m=0004007001006&p=07 Janggu : Official Seoul City Tourism]

===Video===
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yUxhrT8Uyl4 ''Janggu'' video]

== Sound ==

((Percussion))
((Authority control))

[[Category:Korean musical instruments]]
[[Category:Drums]]
[[Category:Military music]]

Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page (help):

Janggu (edit)
Template:Ambox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Authority control (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Category handler (view source) (protected)
Template:Cbignore (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Citation (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite book (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite web (view source) (protected)
Template:Commons category (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Dead YouTube link (view source) (extended confirmed protected)
Template:Find sources mainspace (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Fix (view source) (protected)
Template:Fix/category (view source) (protected)
Template:Hlist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:Infobox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Infobox Chinese/Footer (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Infobox Chinese/Header (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Infobox Chinese/Korean (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Infobox Korean name (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Infobox Korean name/categories (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Infobox instrument (view source) (semi-protected)
Template:Infobox instrument/Classification (view source) (semi-protected)
Template:Infobox instrument/Color (view source) (semi-protected)
Template:Korean (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Lang (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Listen (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Main other (view source) (protected)
Template:More citations needed (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Navbox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:PAGENAMEBASE (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Template:Percussion (edit)
Template:Percussion instruments (edit)
Template:Plainlist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:Reflist (view source) (protected)
Template:Reflist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:Replace (view source) (protected)
Template:SDcat (view source) (protected)
Template:Short description (view source) (protected)
Template:Short description/lowercasecheck (view source) (protected)
Template:Side box (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Sister project (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Template other (view source) (protected)
Template:Transl (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Transliteration (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Arguments (view source) (protected)
Module:Authority control (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Authority control/config (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Category handler (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/blacklist (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/shared (view source) (protected)
Module:Check for unknown parameters (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1 (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/COinS (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Disambiguation/templates (view source) (protected)
Module:EditAtWikidata (view source) (protected)
Module:Exponential search (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:File link (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/config (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/links (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/templates/Find sources mainspace (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Infobox (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Infobox/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:InfoboxImage (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang/ISO 639 synonyms (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang/data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana languages (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana regions (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana scripts (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana suppressed scripts (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana variants (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Listen (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Listen/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Message box (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/ambox.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbox (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/configuration (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/disambiguation (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/setindex (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/softredirect (view source) (protected)
Module:SDcat (view source) (protected)
Module:Side box (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Side box/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:String (view source) (protected)
Module:TableTools (view source) (protected)
Module:Unicode data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Unicode data/scripts (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Unsubst (view source) (protected)
Module:WikidataIB (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:WikidataIB/nolinks (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:WikidataIB/titleformats (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Wikitext Parsing (view source) (protected)
Module:Yesno (view source) (protected)

Return to Janggu.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janggu"