Janthina
A drawing of a live Janthina janthina with its bubble raft intact
A drawing of a live Janthina janthina with its bubble raft intact
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Caenogastropoda
Superfamily: Epitonioidea
Family: Epitoniidae
Genus: Janthina
Röding, 1798
Species

See text

Synonyms[1]
  • Achates Gistel, 1848 (unnecessary substitute name for Janthina)
  • † Acrybia (Hartungia) Bronn, 1861
  • Amethistina [sic] (misspelling for Ametistina Schinz, 1825)
  • Ametistina Schinz, 1825 (suppressed by ICZN Opinion 989)
  • † Hartungia Bronn, 1861
  • † Heligmope Tate, 1893
  • Ianthina (Ianthina is an emendation or an incorrect subsequent spelling of Janthina. It was used indifferently with Janthina by 19th century authors and has remained sporadically in use throughout the 20th century.)
  • Ianthina (Iodina) Mörch, 1860
  • Iodes Mörch, 1860
  • Iodina Mörch, 1860
  • Janthina (Achates) Gistel, 1848
  • Janthina (Iodes) Mörch, 1860
  • Janthina (Iodina) Mörch, 1860
  • Janthinus Montfort, 1810 (unjustified emendation of Janthina)
  • Jantina [sic] (misspelling)
  • † Kaneconcha Kaim, Tucholke & Warén, 2012
  • † Parajanthina Tomida & Itoigawa, 1982 †
  • Violetta Iredale, 1929

Janthina is a genus of small to medium-sized pelagic or planktonic sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Epitoniidae.[1][2]

Distribution

Species in this genus occur worldwide in tropical, subtropical and warm seas.

Description

These snails are pelagic and live at the surface of the ocean. Adult snails may not be capable of swimming, and die when they are detached from their rafts; Janthina janthina larvae, however, actively swim in the water column.[3]

The adult snails prey upon (and live near to) one of several species of pelagic animals loosely known as jellyfish. More specifically they eat the medusae of free-swimming Cnidaria, in particular the genus known as "by-the-wind sailors", Velella.

The snails are able to float securely because they create a raft of clear chitin around air bubbles formed near the ocean surface. They anchor to this raft using their foot.[3] The snails do not have an operculum.

These snails are frequently washed ashore during storms.[4]

The common names for this genus derive from the light purple or violet color of the shells and the violet-colored bodies. The other genus in the family, Recluzia, has olive-tan colored shells.

Species

The five extant species of the genus Janthina

This genus has accumulated a very large number of species names over the centuries. Most of the names that have been given are in fact synonyms of just a few species which have world-wide distributions in tropical waters. Experts disagree about some details of the synonymy.

Species within the genus Janthina include:[5]

Species brought into synonymy

References

  1. ^ a b Gofas, S. (2011). Janthina Röding, 1798. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138092 on 2011-11-01
  2. ^ Beu A.G. (2017). Evolution of Janthina and Recluzia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Epitoniidae). Records of the Australian Museum. 69(3): 119-222
  3. ^ a b Lalli, Carol M.; Ronald W. Gilmer (1989). Pelagic Snails: The Biology of Holoplanktonic Gastropod Mollusks. Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-1490-7.
  4. ^ Morrison, Sue; Storrie, Ann (1999). Wonders of Western Waters: The Marine Life of South-Western Australia. CALM. p. 68. ISBN 0-7309-6894-4.
  5. ^ Gofas, S. (2009). Janthina Röding, 1798. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2009) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138092 on 2010-05-16

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Janthina.
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