The Daily Mail published an editorial strongly criticizing the British Army's policy of not disclosing the names of successful Royal Flying Corps pilots unless they were killed, and that naming successful pilots as done in France and Germany would improve public morale.[17]
Finland was officially recognized as a sovereign nation by Russia.[21]
British hospital ship HMHS Rewa was torpedoed and sunk in the Bristol Channel by German submarine SM U-55, killing four people with the rest of the 566 on board rescued.[22][23]
A massive fire caused by a series of explosions destroyed four hangars and five airships at the Imperial German Navy airship base in Tondern, Denmark. Four civilian workers and 10 naval personnel were killed, while another 134 were injured.[25]
Responding to public pressure from British newspapers, the British Army published in the Daily Mail "Our Wonderful Airmen – Their Names At Last," the first article identifying living Royal Flying Corps pilots by name. Included in the article were the exploits of British flying aces Philip Fuller and James McCudden.[30]
Shamkhor massacre – An Azerbaijani unit under orders from the Military Council of Nationalities of the Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic moved to engage and disarm a retreating and disorganized Russian army column in the South Caucasus region, meeting up with thousands of Russian troops at a rail line near the village of Shamkhor in what is now Azerbaijan. After Russian soldiers refused to give up their arms, the conflict escalated until shots were fired and the Azerbaijanis stormed the train, killing hundreds before disarming the column and seizing 20 artillery pieces and 70 machine guns.[32]
A group of wineries in Paarl, South Africa formed the Co-operative Winemakers Union' of South Africa, or KWV for its Afrikaner acronym, becoming known for its international brand of wines, spirits, and liqueurs.[35][36]
An election for 301 deputies to the Ukrainian Constituent Assembly was called, with the elected assembly to convene by January 20.[37] However, Bolshevik uprisings in major Ukrainian cities during the following weeks prevented the assembly from happening, even though unofficial election results had 70 percent of the electorate voting for Ukrainian political parties as opposed to Soviet ones.[38]
German flying ace Max Ritter von Müller was killed during a dog fight with three British planes over Moorslede, Belgium. Bullets struck the fuel tank of the German pilot's Albatros airplane, causing it to ignite. Müller was forced to abandon the plane without a parachute and plummeted to his death. He was credited with 36 kills, making him the 15th-highest scoring German flying ace of World War I.[43]
The United States House of Representatives passed a constitutional amendment to extend voting rights to women by two-thirds of the House, with only one vote to spare. However, the Senate held off debate on the vote until October.[45]
Battle of Galați – A rogue Russian army of 12,000 troopers retreating from the dissolving Eastern Front threatened Galați, Romania which was defended by a Romanian garrison of 500 men.[51]
Shamkhor massacre – A total 2,000 Russians soldiers were massacred at Shamkhor, Azerbaijan, either in the initial battle three days earlier or in subsequent days by local mobs, angered at the looting and terror retreating Russians troops inflicted on the South Caucasus region. Thousands more were able to make it back to Russia.[59][60]
Royal Navy submarine HMS G8 disappeared while on patrol in the North Sea. It was believed to have struck a mine and sank with all 31 crew on board.[63]
Devastated by savage reviews for the musical Gay Paree that he personally financed and produced in Glasgow, popular performing artist Mark Sheridan disappeared from the theater and was later found dead in Kelvingrove Park with a self-inflicted gunshot wound to the head. Sheridan was one of the first major popular recording artists, with hit songs such as "I Do Like to Be Beside the Seaside" and "Belgium Put the Kibosh on the Kaiser".[67]
USS Monocacy incident – An estimated 200 Chinese soldiers fired on U.S. NavygunboatMonocacy while it was patrolling the Yangtze. One crewman was killed and two others were wounded in the volley before the gunboat returned fire and forced the soldiers to scatter. Under national protest, the Chinese government formally apologized to the United States and compensated the families of the casualties.[75]
Battle of Imbros – An Ottoman naval squadron led by battlecruiserYavûz Sultân Selîm and light cruiserMidilli (better known as former German ships SMS Goeben and SMS Breslau respectively) attacked Royal Navy ships off the island of Imbros in the Aegean Sea before assaulting the naval base at Mudros. The Ottoman Navy sank Royal Navy monitors HMS Raglan and HMS M28 while engaging destroyers HMS Tigress and HMS Lizard, killing 139 British sailors. However, the Ottoman ships accidentally passed into a minefield while withdrawing, where they became vulnerable to British aircraft. Combined mine strikes and damage from aircraft sank the Midilli while Yavûz Sultân Selîm ran aground on a sandbar where fellow destroyers protected it from strafing aircraft. As a result, the Ottoman Empire lost 330 sailors while another 172 were captured.[87]
A cyclone struck Mackay, Queensland, Australia, delivering drenching rain over 72 hours totaling 2,161 mm. A total 30 people were killed in the storm and communications were knocked out so completely, it cut the town off from the rest of the country for five days.[89]
Battle of Galați – Romanian forces counterattacked Russian forces using precise infantry charges supported by strategic aerial and naval bombardments. Although the Russians had superior numbers, their command had been decimated during the October Revolution and little order could be maintained. Thousands scattered and eventually the entire Russian force was disarmed and sent to Moldova.[94]
British poet Robert Graves married painter Nancy Nicholson in London. Wedding guests included Wilfred Owen, whose first nationally published poem "Miners" appeared three days later in The Nation. Unfortunately, Graves' personal traumas from the war put pressure on the marriage, causing it to fall apart a few years later.[96]
Royal Navy submarine HMS E14 attempted to destroy the vulnerable Ottoman battlecruiser Yavûz Sultân Selîm while it was waiting to be towed back to port by Ottoman battleship Turgut Reis, but failed to score a proper hit.[106]
While being pursued by the Ottoman Navy for attempting to destroy the disabled Ottoman battlecruiser Yavûz Sultân Selîm, Royal Navy submarine HMS E14 was damaged when one of the torpedoes exploded by accident on board. The sub was forced to surface and beach itself where the crew tried to scuttle it. The sub was hit again by coastal artillery off Turkey with the loss of 21 of her 30 crew, including sub commander Geoffrey Saxton White. The seven survivors were taken as prisoners of war. White was posthumously awarded the Victoria Cross for his efforts to beach the submarine and save his crew.[114][115]
Porvenir massacre – A posse of Texas Rangers and local ranchers on the trail for Mexican raiders that attacked the Britte Ranch on Christmas Day in Presidio County, Texas entered the nearby Mexican village of Porvenir to round up potential suspects. In the ensuing commotion, 15 village men were separated and taken to a nearby hill in the outskirts where they were shot.[116] A 1919 federal investigation concluded there was no evidence the villagers were connected to the local banditry. While a grand jury did not find the Texas Rangers involved guilty, their unit was dissolved with five being dismissed and the rest reassigned.[117]
A German air squadron of four Riesenflugzeug bombers attacked England, the first time such aircraft conducted a bombing raid on their own. Three of them reached their targets but only inflicted light damage and casualties.[121][122]
Russian army officer Alexey Kaledin, commander of the Don Cossacks which had strong loyalty to the Russian aristocracy, resigned from his post as the Kaledinschina counterrevolutionary rebellion faced setbacks at Rostov-on-Don, Russia. He committed suicide two weeks later.[123]
Battle of May Island – Ships part of a large Royal Navy fleet in the Firth of Forth began accidentally colliding with each other due to confusion in heavy fog, resulting in the sinking of submarines HMS K4 and HMS K17, damage to three other submarines and a light cruiser, and 104 men killed.[131]
^Franks, Norman; Bailey, Frank W.; Guest, Russell F. (1993). Above The Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service, and Flanders Marine Corps, 1914–1918. London, UK: Grub Street. pp. 48–49. ISBN978-0-948817-73-1.
^Evans, Colin. Blood on the Table; The Greatest Cases of New York City's Office of the Chief Medical Examiner, New York: The Berkley Publishing Group, 2008
^Allen, Vivien (1997), Hall Caine: Portrait of a Victorian Romancer, Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, pp. 367–368, ISBN978-1-85075-809-9
^* Roshwald, Aviel; Stites, Richard (2002). European Culture in the Great War: The Arts, Entertainment, and Propaganda, 1914–1918. Cambridge University Press. p. 156.
^Martinez, Oscar J. (1996). U.S.-Mexico borderlands: historical and contemporary perspectives. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 130–131. ISBN978-0-8420-2447-1.
^Friedman, Norman (1988). British Carrier Aviation: The Evolution of the Ships and Their Aircraft. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. p. 73. ISBN978-0-87021-054-9.
^Mark SheridanArchived 8 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine Laing, Allan The Caledonian Mercury, The Caledonian Press online edition, 20 March 2010, accessed 12 December 2011
^Tolley, Kemp (2000). Yangtze Patrol: The U.S. Navy in China. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. pp. 81–82. ISBN978-1-55750-883-6.
^Viktor Chernov, edited Dmitri Sergius von Mohrenschildt, selection from pages 68-72 from The Russian Revolution of 1917: Contemporary Accounts, in Russia in War and Revolution, 1914-1922, edited by Jonathan Daly and Leonid Trofimov (Indianapolis: Hackett, 2009), pp. 214-215
^Schroeder-Gudehus, Brigitte (2014). Les scientifiques et la paix : la communauté scientifique internationale au cours des années 20. Montreal, Quebec: Les Presses de l'Université de Montréal. ISBN9782760633643.
^Takahashi, Masao (2005). Mastering Judo. Human Kinetics 1. p. 4. ISBN9781450408769.
^"About Vika". wordpress. 17 January 2017. Archived from the original on 18 May 2017. Retrieved 5 February 2018.
^Hytönen, Olavi (5 November 2007). "Mistä Vapaussota alkoi?". The Finnish Society of Tampere (in Finnish). Archived from the original on 25 October 2016. Retrieved 30 January 2017.
^Helgason, Guðmundur. "Ships hit during WWI: Andania". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net. Retrieved 2009-08-09.
^Carrigan, William D.; Webb, Clive (2013). Forgotten Dead, Mob Violence Against Mexicans in The United States, 1848-1928. Oxford University Press. p. 63.
^Harris, Charles H.; Sadler, Louis R. (2007). The Texas Rangers and the Mexican Revolution: The Bloodiest Decade, 1910-1920. University of New Mexico Press. p. 354.
^Series "E", Volume 22, History of the 222d-376th Aero Squadrons. Gorrell's History of the American Expeditionary Forces Air Service, 1917–1919, National Archives, Washington, D.C.
^Special Collections of the Sacramento Public Library, Mather Field, Images of America, Arcadia Publishing (January 9, 2012), ISBN0738588776
^Francisco Verras; "D.N.O.G.: contribuicao da Marinha Brasileira na Grande Guerra" ("DNOG; the role of Brazilian Navy in the Great War") (in Portuguese) "A Noite" Ed. 1920
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