January 4, 1972: HP-35 pocket calculator introducedJanuary 10, 1972: Sheikh Mujibur Rahman is released from Pakistani prison and becomes prime minister of the new nation of BangladeshJanuary 27, 1972: Home video game system introduced by Magnavox
The following events occurred in January 1972:
January 1, 1972 (Saturday)
Kurt Waldheim of Austria became the fourth Secretary General of the United Nations, succeeding U Thant. Waldheim served two five-year terms.[1] It would only be after he became President of Austria in 1986 that the world would learn that Waldheim had been a Nazi officer being investigated by the UN War Crimes Commission.[2]
In a match between the two highest ranked college football teams in the United States, the Number 1 Nebraska Cornhuskers beat the Number 2 Alabama Crimson Tide in the Orange Bowl, 38–6, to clinch the mythical national college football championship determined by polls taken by the Associated Press and by United Press International.
Mobutu Sese Seko, the President of Zaire, announced his new campaign, "Authenticité", to remove all traces of the former Belgian Congo's colonial past in favor of "Africanized" names, customs and dress. Having changed his own name from Joseph-Desire Mobutu, the President required citizens with European-sounding names to change them to something more authentic.[3]
A group of six men stole $4,000,000 worth of jewelry in the Pierre Hotel Robbery, from safe deposit boxes at the New York luxury hotel. After being tipped off by an informant, the FBI captured the robbers, but recovered only one million of the loot.[5]
Juliane Koepcke, the sole survivor of the Christmas Eve crash of LANSA Flight 508, was found alive by three hunters deep inside the Amazon jungle in Peru. The only survivor of 93 people on the plane, she had followed a stream for nine days until finding help.[6]
Serial killer John Wayne Gacy committed the first of at least 33 murders at his home in Norwood Park Township, Illinois, a suburb of Chicago. Gacy approached 16-year-old Timothy McCoy at the Greyhound bus terminal in Chicago and took him to the Gacy home, where he stabbed McCoy to death. Gacy then buried McCoy's body under the crawlspace.[7]
Died:Lillian Gilbreth, 93, efficiency expert and heroine of Cheaper by the Dozen
January 3, 1972 (Monday)
A photo from Mariner 9 of Noctis Labyrinthius
Mariner 9 began the first mapping of the planet Mars, after dust storms on the red planet had ceased.[8]
January 4, 1972 (Tuesday)
The first scientific electronic pocket calculator, the HP-35 was introduced by Hewlett-Packard and priced at $395 (equivalent to more than $2,400 in 2019). Although hand-held electronic machines, that could multiply and divide (such as the Canon Pocketronic) had been made since 1971, the HP-35 could handle higher functions including logarithms and trigonometry.[9]
January 5, 1972 (Wednesday)
From his "Western White House" residence in San Clemente, California, President Richard Nixon announced that the United States would develop the Space Shuttle as the next phase of the American space program, with 5.5 billion dollars allocated to the first reusable spacecraft. "It would transform the space frontier of the 1970s into familiar territory," said Nixon, "easily accessible for human endeavor of the 1980s and 1990s."[10]
Soviet dissident Vladimir Bukovsky was convicted of Anti-Soviet agitation and sentenced to two years in prison, five in a labour camp, and five more in internal exile.[11]
U.S. President Richard M. Nixon announced that he would run for re-election in 1972.[15]
Iberia Airlines Flight 602 crashed into a mountain peak while attempting to land at the Spanish island of Ibiza, killing all 104 people on board.[16][17]
The Los Angeles Lakers won their 33rd consecutive game with a 44-point victory (134–90) over the Atlanta Hawks, and extended their record to 39–3.[20]
Police located and defused time bombs that had been placed in safe deposit boxes in eight banks in New York, Chicago and San Francisco in July 1971. The bombs, described in an anonymous letter, sent the day before, each had a "seven-month fuse" and would have exploded in February. A ninth bomb had gone off prematurely in September.[21]
The Maharishi Mahesh Yogi, who popularized transcendental meditation, announced his "World Plan", with the goal of establishing 3,600 centers, each with 1,000 teachers apiece. By 1976, however, interest in "TM" began to decline and the plan was never realized.[23]
Shortly after midnight, Britain's 280,000 coal miners walked off the job in the first nationwide miners' strike since 1926.[26] As the strike dragged on, Britain was forced to go to the Three-Day Week.[27]
The RMS Queen Elizabeth (QE2), largest ocean liner ever built, was destroyed by a fire as it sat in Victoria Harbour in Hong Kong. The ship was being renovated to become "Seawise University".[29]
Died:Liang Sicheng, 70, "Father of Modern Chinese Architecture"
January 10, 1972 (Monday)
Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the "Bangabandhu" and "Father of Bangladesh", returned to Dhaka at 1:30 pm to a hero's welcome.[25]
In Britain, Birmingham's Sunday Mercury broke the story of toxic waste dumping in the Midlands, and the government's indifference to complaints. The public outcry that followed would lead to the passage of environmental legislation on March 30.
In Baton Rouge, Louisiana, a confrontation between members of the Black Liberation Army left two sheriff's deputies dead and 14 other policemen injured. Two BLA members were killed, and 17 civilians were hurt. The BLA killed thirteen police officers between 1970 and 1976.[31][32][33][34]
Bill France Jr. succeeded his father as President of the National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing NASCAR. Over the next 28 years, France oversaw the growth of stock car racing to a multibillion-dollar industry and one of the most popular sports in the United States.[36]
The Night Stalker, starring Darren McGavin, was broadcast as the ABC Movie of the Week. Watched by 75 million viewers, it was the highest rated made-for-television movie to that date, and would lead to a weekly television series for McGavin.[37]
January 12, 1972 (Wednesday)
The first regulations limiting exposure to asbestos were announced by the United States Department of Labor. Widely used in construction because of its fireproof nature, asbestos had been proven to be carcinogenic in the long term.[38]
The Detroit Tigers signed a 40-year lease for a $126 million dollar domed stadium, to be built downtown. Detroit voters, however, would refuse to approve funding a bond issue to pay for the dome, and it would never be built. The team would continue to play at Tiger Stadium until moving to the outdoor Comerica Park in 1998.[39]
U.S. President Richard Nixon announced that 70,000 American troops would be pulled out of Vietnam by May 1, cutting the existing force of 139,000 by half.[42]
Alabama Governor George C. Wallace announced his candidacy for the Democratic Party nomination.[43] The previous day, the Internal Revenue Service had dropped its investigation of Wallace's brother Gerald. Historian Stephen E. Ambrose suggested in his 1989 book Nixon: The Triumph of a Politician, 1962–1972, that President Nixon had brokered a deal in order to ensure his re-election in 1972.[44] With Nixon and Hubert Humphrey having announced their candidacies earlier in the week, all three major contenders in the 1968 election were in the 1972 race.
A plane, taking West Germany's Chancellor Willy Brandt home after his visit to the United States, came within 500 feet (150 m) of colliding with Eastern Airlines Flight 870, as both planes were flying at 33,000 feet (10,000 m) 85 miles (137 km) northeast of Jacksonville, Florida. A spokesman for the Professional Air Traffic Controllers' Association said on January 15 that the incident had been reported to him by controllers at the Jacksonville airport.[45]
At 3:00 pm, at the balcony of the Christiansborg Palace in Copenhagen, Prime Minister Jens Otto Krag proclaimed three times, "King Frederik IX is dead! Long live Her Majesty Queen Margrethe II!" With that, Margrethe became the second queen of Denmark, with the same name as her ancestor, who had reigned from 1353 to 1412. There is no provision for a coronation, or even a crown, for the monarchs of Denmark.[50]
Police in Chicago arrested two college students, Allan C. Schwandner and Stephen Pera, who had planned to poison the city's water supply with typhoid and other bacteria. Schwandner had founded a terrorist group, "R.I.S.E.", while Pera collected and grew cultures from the hospital where he worked. The two men fled to Cuba after being released on bail. Schwandner was fatally beaten by a Cuban prison director in 1974.[52] Pera returned to the U.S. in 1975 and was put on probation.[53]
"Huge Monday" took place on the North Shore of Oahu; 20-foot (6.1 m) waves made it "the greatest single day in surfing history".[54]
Mao Zedong secretly designated Prime Minister Zhou Enlai to succeed him as leader of the People's Republic of China.[55] Zhou would die on January 8, 1976, eight months before Mao.
The United States Coast Guard cutter USCGC Storis(WMEC-38) seized two Soviet fishing vessels, the flagship Lamut and the stern trawler Kolyvan, after they had penetrated American territorial waters less than 12 miles (19 km) off the Alaskan coast.[58] The ships were detained at the Adak Naval Air Station until February 17, then released after the Soviets paid a $250,000 fine.[59]
The "Republic of Minerva" was proclaimed by Michael Oliver of the Phoenix Foundation and a group of entrepreneurs who had built an island by towing sand onto the underwater Minerva Reefs, located in the South Pacific Ocean, 260 miles (420 km) west of Tonga. The micronation, which printed its own currency and coinage, would come to an end when Tonga annexed the reefs on June 21.[60]
the Associated Press selected Mexican-American professional golfer Lee Trevino as the male professional athlete of 1971, after he won the U.S. Open, the British Open and the Canadian Open tournaments in a four-week period and had been voted PGA Player of the Year.[62]
Born:
Angham, Egyptian pop star and actress, as Angham Mohamed Ali Suleiman, in Alexandria
LIFE Magazine and McGraw-Hill postponed the scheduled release of The Autobiography of Howard Hughes, written by Clifford Irving. LIFE had planned to serialize it beginning with its February 11 issue, while McGraw-Hill had a March 10 release date.[64] Proven later to be a hoax, the would-be bestseller was never sold.
Hughes Airwest Flight 8800 was hijacked as it taxied for a takeoff from McCarran International Airport. Imitating D. B. Cooper, passenger "D. Shane" demanded $50,000 in cash and two parachutes after threatening to explode a bomb, and after releasing the passengers and stewardesses, ordered the DC-9 to fly eastward. Shane—later identified as Richard Charles LaPoint—bailed out over the Rockies and landed 21 miles (34 km) northwest of Akron, Colorado, where he was captured by state police, along with the ransom.[65] LaPoint, 23, received a 40-year federal prison sentence.[66]
Karen Wise became the first woman to play NCAAcollege basketball (limited at that time to men), when she took the court for Windham College against Castleton State College. Playing for two minutes, she gathered one rebound but did not score in her team's 84–38 loss.[67]
January 21, 1972 (Friday)
India added three new States, bringing the total to 20, with statehood granted to Tripura, Manipur and Meghalaya. On the same day, Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh were granted union territory status (both granted statehood in 1987). As of 2009, there are 28 states and seven territories in India.[68]
Hundreds of guests at a wedding in New Delhi drank bootleg liquor and were poisoned by what turned out to be a mixture of rubbing alcohol and paint varnish. By Sunday, more than 100 had died.[69]
U.S. Air Force bombing of Viet Cong guerrilla strongholds in South Vietnam halted after more than nine years. A historian would later note that "some 4 million tons of bombs fell" on South Vietnam "making it the most-bombed country in the history of aerial warfare." [72]
After hiding for more than 27 years, Sergeant Shoichi Yokoi was discovered on Guam by two hunters, Manuel de Garcia and Jesus Duenas. One of 19,000 Japanese soldiers occupying the island during World War II, Sgt. Yokoi had disappeared into the jungle near the Talofofo River after American forces recaptured Guam in 1944.[74]
The Iowa Caucus, which would later mark the opening of delegate selection in U.S. presidential election campaigns, was conducted for the first time. The initial event, marked by gatherings in 2,600 at homes and meeting rooms in election precincts statewide, was limited to registered Democrats, and would displace the New Hampshire primary as the first test for political party nominees. [76] When the results were finally tabulated the next day, U.S. Senator Edmund Muskie of Maine won 18 of Iowa's 46 Democratic delegates, while U.S. Senator George McGovern of South Dakota won 10, while the remaining 18 were uncommitted. [77]
In a nationally televised address, President Nixon revealed that Henry Kissinger had been secretly negotiating with North Vietnamese leaders, and announced "a plan for peace that can end the war in Vietnam".[80] North Vietnam rejected the proposal the next day.
Two Ohio State players—Luke Witte and Mark Wagar—were sent to the hospital when a fight broke out in their college basketball game at Minnesota. With 0:36 left, and Ohio State leading 50–44, Corky Taylor and Ron Behagen of Minnesota attacked Witte. A brawl between both teams lasted for more than a minute before the game was called. Taylor and Behagen were suspended for the rest of the season. Witte declined to file charges.[82]
Died:
Carl Hayden, 94; American legislator and former President Pro Tempore of the Senate (1957–1969), who had represented Arizona in Congress for 57 years. Hayden had been the first at-large U.S. Representative when Arizona was admitted to the union in 1912, then continued as a U.S. Senator starting in 1927 until finishing his seventh term in 1969.
On the lawn in front of the Australian Parliament in Canberra, four young Aborigine men (Michael Anderson, Billy Craigie, Gary Williams and Tony Coorey) erected a tent that they called the Aboriginal Embassy, a symbol of the feeling that the indigenous Australians were treated as foreigners in their own homeland. Soon, the four were joined by others, until nearly 2,000 supporters encamped in front of the Parliament. The "embassy" was torn down six months later.[83]
A Croatian terrorist organization planted a bomb in JAT Yugoslav Flight 364, which exploded over Czechoslovakia, at an altitude of 33,000 feet (10,000 m), killing 27 of the 28 people on board. Remarkably, a stewardess Vesna Vulović, who had been in the tail section of the DC-9, survived despite falling more than 6 miles (9.7 km), landing near Srbská Kamenice. She was released after a hospitalization of 16 months.[84][85]
The first Eclipse Awards, recognizing horse racing achievements, were made, in a ceremony at New York's Waldorf-Astoria Hotel.[86]
Magnavox introduced the first home video game system, Odyssey. Designed by Ralph Baer, the console could be hooked up to a television set for two players to play a tennis-like game, similar to Nolan Bushnell's game Pong.[90]
In a meeting at the office of U.S. Attorney GeneralJohn N. Mitchell, G. Gordon Liddy presented the "Gemstone Plan" to Mitchell, John Dean, and Jeb Magruder. Mitchell was also the Director of the Committee to Re-Elect the President (CRP), and Liddy was CRP's chief lawyer. Liddy suggested budgeting $1,000,000 for mugging and even kidnapping "leaders of anti-Nixon demonstrations"; hiring prostitutes to solicit during the 1972 Democratic National Convention; and break-ins and installation of electronic surveillance as necessary. Mitchell rejected the plan, but retained Liddy to suggest new ideas.[91]
After hijacking Mohawk Airlines Flight 452 and landing in Poughkeepsie, New York, Heinrick Von George, a debt-ridden father of seven, was given, as demanded, a duffel bag with $200,000 in cash and a getaway car. As he prepared to drive away with his money and his hostage, Von George was killed by a shotgun blast fired by an FBI agent.[92][93]
More than 60 years after it had been written, Scott Joplin's opera Treemonisha was performed for the first time. The score had been rediscovered in 1970, and was brought to life at the Atlanta Memorial Arts Center. Joplin, an African-American composer who had died in 1917, would be awarded a posthumous Pulitzer Prize in 1976, and honored with a U.S. postage stamp in 1983. Joplin's ragtime composition "The Entertainer", featured in the film The Sting, would become a bestseller in 1974.[97]
The Federal Aviation Administration issued new regulations, requiring all United States airlines to screen passengers (and their carry on baggage) for weapons before boarding, with a deadline of May 8, 1972, for compliance. There were no hijackings in the United States in 1973.[101]
Karl Schranz of Austria, the 1970 alpine skiing champion in the giant slalom, was barred three days before the 1972 Winter Olympics were to begin, by a 28–14 vote by the International Olympic Committee. Schranz was among 40 skiers accused of violating amateur rules by accepting endorsement money from ski equipment companies, and the only skier to be banned.[102]
Died: King Mahendra Bir Bikram Shah of Nepal, who had worked to end the isolation of his Himalayan kingdom, died in Kathmandu at 51. He was succeeded by his son, Birendra.[103]
References
^Miguel Marín Bosch, Votes in the UN General Assembly (Kluwer Law International, 1998), p76
^Stanley Meisler, United Nations: The First Fifty Years (Atlantic Monthly Press, 1995), pp185–186
^"Mobutu to Wipe Out Relics of Colonial 'Congo'", The Star-News (Pasadena), January 3, 1972, p2
^"Liberian Leader to Host Mrs. Nixon", Sydney Morning Herald, January 4, 1972, p5
^"Inside the Criminal-Informant Business", by Robert Daley, New York Magazine (March 24, 1975), pp32–33
^"Crash Survivor's Ordeal in Jungle". Oakland Tribune. January 5, 1972. p. 1.
^Cahill, Tim (1986). Buried Dreams: Inside the Mind of Serial Killer John Wayne Gacy. Bantam Books. p. 102.
^Space Science Board, United States Space Science Program: Report to COSPAR (June 1973), p28
^"Mini-Calculator Big on Answers", Oakland Tribune, January 5, 1972, p9
^Richard S. Lewis, The Voyages of Columbia: The First True Spaceship (Columbia University Press, 1984), p30; "NIXON AUTHORIZES SPACE SHUTTLE", El Paso Herald-Post, January 5, 1972, p1
^Richard Hack, Hughes: The Private Diaries, Memos and Letters (Phoenix Books, 2007), p349
^Henry J. Abraham, Justices, Presidents, and Senators: A History of the U.S. Supreme Court Appointments from Washington to Bush II (Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2008), p253
^"Lakers Zip To No. 33", Oakland Tribune, January 8, 1972, p11-E
^Taverne, Bernard (2008). Petroleum, Industry, and Governments: A Study of the Involvement of Industry and Governments in the Production and Use of Petroleum. Kluwer Law International. pp. 293–294.
^"Surprise Delay On Hughes Book". Oakland Tribune. January 20, 1972. p. 12.
^"United States Air Force", by Earl H. Tilford Jr., in The Encyclopedia of the Vietnam War: A Political, Social, and Military History (ABC-CLIO, 2011) p1184
^"Jackie Stewart Is Winner In Argentine Grand Prix", Bridgeport Telegram, January 24, 1972, p6
^Robert F. Rogers, Destiny's Landfall: A History of Guam (University of Hawaii Press, 1995), pp 245–246
^Attar Chand, Nuclear Policy and National Security (Mittal Publications, 1993), p59
^"Iowa Caucus To Clue Dems", The State Journal (Lansing MI), January 16, 1972, pA-6
^"Caucus Wins for Muskie, Uncommitted", Des Moines Register, January 26, 1972, p1
^Kourosh Ahmadi, Islands and International Politics in the Persian Gulf (Routledge, 2008), p108
^Peter Pringle and Philip Jacobson, Those Are Real Bullets: Bloody Sunday, Derry, 1972 (Grove Press, 2002); "The Bitter Road From Bloody Sunday", TIME Magazine, February 14, 1972
^Alexander T. Wells and Clarence C. Rodrigues, Commercial Aviation Safety (McGraw-Hill, 2003), p301
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