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((Use dmy dates|date=April 2022))
((Multiple issues|
((Update|date=June 2017))
((More citations needed|date=June 2017))
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((Ethnic London sidebar))
[[File:EmbJapanLondon.JPG|thumb|[[Embassy of Japan, London]]]]
Japanese nationals residing in [[London]], in common with members of the wider [[Japanese in the United Kingdom|Japanese community in the United Kingdom]], include business professionals and their dependents on limited term employment visas, trainees, young people participating in the UK government sponsored Youth Mobility Scheme, students, as well as Japanese emigrants and their descendants who have settled in the city.

In terms of [[cultural assimilation]] there is a wide spectrum of experience: from Japanese immigrants who have made London their permanent home to company employees and their families transferred on short-term assignments whose social networks are often limited beyond the Japanese expatriate community.

In 2001 over half of people born in Japan who lived in Britain had their homes in Greater London.<ref>((cite news|title=Born Abroad: An Immigration map of Britain|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/uk/05/born_abroad/countries/html/japan.stm|access-date=17 June 2017|publisher=BBC News Online))</ref>

==History==
Japanese people have been visiting and living in London since the early 1860s: the [[First Japanese Embassy to Europe (1862)|First Japanese Embassy to Europe]] arrived in 1862 and the [[Chōshū Five]], students from the [[Chōshū domain]] who studied at [[University College London]], arrived in 1863. In June 1879 [[Mitsui & Co.]] established its London office and by 1884 there were 264 Japanese residents registered in Britain.<ref>((cite book|last1=Conte-Helm|first1=Marie|title=The Japanese and Europe|date=2012|publisher=Bloomsbury|location=London|isbn=9781780939780|page=67|title-link=The Japanese and Europe))</ref>

Shipping and trade links between the two countries grew in the wake of the [[Anglo-Japanese Alliance]] signed in 1902 and Britain's Japanese population reached a prewar peak in 1935 of 1,871.((Citation needed|date= April 2022))

In the 1970s and 1980s the Japanese population resident in the United Kingdom grew rapidly reflecting the growing strength of the Japanese economy and the decision of many Japanese firms to set up their first European manufacturing and operational hubs in the country.  The majority of Japanese corporate offices were located in London and the South East of England and Japanese grade schools and social facilities developed to support this community. In 1994, 54,415 Japanese nationals were registered as living in the United Kingdom, 38,000 of which were concentrated in the Greater London area.<ref>((cite book|last1=Conte-Helm|first1=Marie|title=''The Japanese and Europe''|date=2012|publisher=Bloomsbury|location=London|isbn=9781780939780|page=68|title-link=The Japanese and Europe))</ref>

==Geography==
Residential centers of the Japanese community in London have traditionally included areas such [[Acton, London|Acton]], [[Finchley]] and [[Croydon]], proximate to Japanese language based grade school and weekend language programs provided in these areas.

Based on fieldwork conducted in the early 1990s, Junko Sakai (酒井 順子 ''Sakai Junko'') observed that at the time there was no particular location for the Japanese community in London, but that the families of Japanese "company men" tended to live in [[North London]] and West London.<ref name=Sakaipunstalthoughnoprec>Sakai, [https://books.google.com/books?id=jqRtFUJZ6IoC&dq=Japanese+School+London&pg=PT67 Page unstated] (PT67). "Although the Japanese have no precise geographical location for their community, they are connected with each other personally, and one of their geographical centres is the Japanese school in London, previously in North London and now in West Acton."</ref> In 1991, according to ''[[The Economist]]'', lower-ranked Japanese workers tended to live in [[Croydon]]. The newspaper stated that Japanese middle managers tended to live in [[Ealing]], [[Finchley]], and [[Golders Green]]. ''The Economist'' added that bosses of the Japanese offices lived in [[Hampstead]] and [[St John's Wood]].<ref name=Economist1991>"Britain: Japanese Spoken Here." ''[[The Economist]]''. 14 September 1991. Volume 320, Issue 7724, p. 67. ((ISSN|0013-0613)). CODEN ECSTA3. Accession number 00541106, 00898348. Available on [[ProQuest]], Document ID 224204538. "Once here, they look for a location that reflects their position in the social pecking-order: Around London it is St John's Wood and Hampstead for bosses; Finchley, Golders Green and Ealing for middle managers; Croydon for lower ranks." and "London has more than 60 Japanese restaurants and eight Japanese food shops to stave off the torments of English food."</ref> Concentrations of Japanese residents support a greater density of Japanese restaurants and shops.<ref name=Sakaipunstalthoughnoprec/>

The [[City of London]] hosts many Japanese insurance companies, banks, and security houses, and along with the Japanese businesses the City of London includes Japanese job agencies, interpretation and translation companies, and restaurants. Sakai states that the City of London is "perhaps" the "most important centre" of the London Japanese community.<ref name=Sakaipunstalthoughnoprec/>

==Retail==
===20th Century===
[[File:Yamanaka & Co. London.jpg|thumb|Yamanaka & Co.'s premises at 127 New Bond Street]]
Japanese owned stores and businesses have been operating in London since the late 19th century. Yamanaka & Co., a prominent Asian art dealership founded by [[Sadajirō Yamanaka]] opened premises in [[New Bond Street]] in 1900 and was granted a [[Royal Warrant of Appointment (United Kingdom)|Royal Warrant]] by [[George V]] in 1912. In 1913 [[Mikimoto (company)|Mikimoto]] opened its first cultured pearl boutique outside Japan.<ref>((cite web|title=Mikimoto History|url=https://www.mikimoto.com/en/about-us/history.html|website=Mikimoto|access-date=20 June 2017|archive-date=22 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722125747/https://www.mikimoto.com/en/about-us/history.html|url-status=dead))</ref>

In 1993 when the expansion of the Japanese business community in London was at its height, [[Oriental City|Yaohan Plaza]] in northwest London was opened as a Japanese community targeted shopping centre.<ref name=Whitep89>White, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=S1WBAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA89 89].</ref> The mall was subsequently sold in 1999 to a Malaysian company changing its name to [[Oriental City]], and offering pan-East Asian food retail and a restaurant foodcourt.<ref name=Whitep89/> The centre was finally closed in June 2008.  In the 1990s [[Sogo]] also operated an outlet close to [[Piccadilly Circus]] mainly catering to Japanese package tour groups. In the early 1990s according to the Economist magazine, London had eight Japanese food shops and over 60 Japanese restaurants.<ref name=Economist1991/>

For much of the late 20th century retail establishments dedicated to serving the specific needs of the Japanese community in London remained relatively few in number reflecting both the smaller size of the overall Japanese population in the United Kingdom as well as the growing availability of Japanese retail products from established British retail outlets.

===Current Retail===
[[File:Conveyor belt sushi overview.JPG|thumb|[[YO! Sushi]] retail venue, [[Paddington Station]]]]
The changing tastes and demographics of the Japanese community in London and the growing embrace of Japanese food and culture in the United Kingdom has significantly altered the availability of Japanese fashion, homewares, specialist food products and restaurants in London. Large stores such [[Muji]] and [[Uniqlo]] have been long established in the UK;((citation needed|date=December 2018)) smaller independents such as tokyobike and CA4LA are also to be found.<ref>((cite web|title=Six People Bringing the Japanese Retail Experience to London|url=http://somethingcurated.com/2016/06/20/people-introducing-japanese-minimalism-london/|website=Something Curated|access-date=20 June 2017|date=2016-06-20))</ref>

Supermarkets such as [[Waitrose]] and online shopping services now provide a wide range of Japanese specialist food and beverage products.  The Piccadilly Circus area continues to support a number of smaller Japanese bookstores, food shops, restaurants, and travel service offices, the longest established being the Japan Centre first opened in 1978.<ref>((cite web|url=https://www.japancentre.com/en|website=Japan Center|access-date=20 June 2017|title=Japanese Food Hall since 1976))</ref> Japanese retail food offerings in London, offering varying degrees of authenticity, include popular chains such as [[YO! Sushi]] and [[Wagamama]] as well as smaller independent restaurants such as Kanadya and Kirazu.<ref>((cite web|title=London's Best Japanese Restaurants|url=https://www.timeout.com/london/restaurants/londons-best-japanese-restaurants|website=Time Out London|access-date=20 June 2017))</ref>

==Education==
[[File:Japanese School in London-000.jpg|thumb|[[Japanese School in London]]]]
Japanese children in London attend a variety of schools including the [[Japanese School in London]], [[Private schools in the United Kingdom|Private]], and local [[State-funded schools (England)|state funded]] schools. The Japanese School and three Japanese government sponsored Saturday language programs in the Greater London area serve as geographical hubs for Japanese families with school age children.<ref name=Sakaipunstalthoughnoprec/> The Japanese School first opened as a supplementary school in 1965. Prior to the school's relocation to Acton in 1987, it was located in Camden, in a building now occupied by [[North Bridge House School]].<ref>"Which School?" Truman & Knightley Educational Trust, 1989. p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=cXVGAQAAIAAJ&q=%22JAPANESE+SCHOOL%22+%22North+Bridge+House%22 D-66] ([https://www.google.com/search?q=%22JAPANESE+SCHOOL%22+%22North+Bridge+House%22&btnG=Search+Books&tbm=bks&tbo=1&gws_rd=ssl See search page]). "THE JAPANESE SCHOOL I Gloucester Avenue, London, NWI Tel (01) 485 0700 Head H Fujino Type Co-educational Day 9-14 No of pupils 536 Fees On application NORTH BRIDGE HOUSE JUNIOR SCHOOL I Gloucester Avenue, London,"</ref><ref name=Whitep89/> The ((nihongo|Japanese Saturday School in London|ロンドン補習授業校|''Rondon Hoshū Jugyō Kō'')), a [[Hoshu jugyo ko|Japanese supplementary school]], is a part of the institution.<ref name=MEXTEuropeHoshuko>"[http://www.mext.go.jp/a_menu/shotou/clarinet/002/006/001/002/004.htm 欧州の補習授業校一覧（平成25年4月15日現在）]" ([https://web.archive.org/web/20140330190146/http://www.mext.go.jp/a_menu/shotou/clarinet/002/006/001/002/004.htm Archive]). [[Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology]] (MEXT). Retrieved on May 10, 2014.</ref>

In 2003 several state primary schools developed support programmes for Japanese children.<ref name=Whitep89/> For example, West Acton Primary School has a [[parent-teacher association]] for Japanese parents.<ref>"[http://www.westactonprimaryschool.org/parents/pta/japanese-pta Japanese PTA (日本人PTA)]." West Acton Primary School. Retrieved on 6 July 2017.</ref> Some Japanese students in London attending secondary school go to other [[international schools]], including [[The American School in London]]. In 2003 Paul White, author of "The Japanese in London: From transience to settlement?", wrote that "even company movers do not necessarily put their children through the Japanese schooling system in London".<ref name=Whitep89/>

Sakai noted in her book that some Japanese families elected to send their children to British [[boarding schools]] and, in the case of university students, sought admission to "[[Oxbridge]]" ([[University of Oxford]] and [[University of Cambridge]]).<ref>Sakai, pages unstated [https://books.google.com/books?id=jqRtFUJZ6IoC&pg=PT67 PT67]-[https://books.google.com/books?id=jqRtFUJZ6IoC&pg=PT68 PT68]</ref>

==Lifestyle==

Japanese corporate welfare systems in the early 1990s provided employees with rental accommodation options described as "comfortable", and Japanese company men and their families enjoyed "luxurious lives compared to Japanese settlers".<ref name=Sakaipunstalthoughnoprec/> Companies in the 1990s sometimes paid generous subsidies to employees sent abroad to provide housing, so there is a perception that their lives are more comfortable in London than back home.<ref name=SakaiPT68>Sakai, pages unstated [https://books.google.com/books?id=jqRtFUJZ6IoC&pg=PT68 PT68]</ref>

==Institutions==
The [[Embassy of Japan, London|Japanese Embassy]] is located on [[Piccadilly]] in central London.

Organizations supporting Japanese nationals living and working in London include the Nippon Club, the [[Japan Society of the UK|Japan Society]] and the Japanese Chamber of Commerce and Industry.

==Notable residents==
((see also|Japanese in the United Kingdom))
[[Image:Natsume Soseki house Clapham.jpg|thumb|Natsume Sōseki's home in [[Clapham]]]]
[[File:Viscountess Hayashi, later Countess Hayashi.jpg|thumb|Image of Countess Hayashi from the Lafayette Collection at the [[Victoria and Albert Museum|V&A]]]]
''(Names are listed alphabetically by given name in the [[Japanese name#In English and other Western languages|western convention]] of ''given-name, surname'' for clarity.)''

===Contemporary residents===
* [[Kenshiro Abbe]] (1915–1985), Japanese akidoka, introduced aikido to the UK
* [[Kae Alexander]] (1985), British–Japanese actress based in London
* [[Miki Berenyi]] (1967), musician born in London to a Japanese mother and Hungarian father
* [[Simon Fujiwara]] (1982), artist born in London to a Japanese father and British mother
* [[Cy Goddard]] (1997), footballer born in London to a Japanese mother and British father
* [[Tomoyasu Hotei]] (1962), British Asian musician, lives in London
* [[Togo Igawa]] (1946), first Japanese member of The Royal Shakespeare Company
* Sir [[Kazuo Ishiguro]] (1954), Japanese-British novelist, lives in London
* [[Gunji Koizumi]] (1885–1965), Japanese judoka, known as the 'Father of British Judo'
* [[Ken Lloyd]] (1976), musician born in London to a Japanese mother and British father
* [[Daniel Matsuzaka]] (1997), footballer born in London to a Japanese father and a British mother 
* [[Matt McCooey]] (1981), British–Japanese actor based in London
* [[Naoko Mori]] (1971), Japanese actress best known for her role on Doctor Who, lives in London
* [[Hinako Omori]] (c. 1990), Japanese musician who immigrated to London as a youth<ref name="Watch">((cite news |last1=Mackay |first1=Emily |title=One to watch: Hinako Omori |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2022/mar/12/one-to-watch-hinako-omori-a-journey |work=The Guardian |date=12 March 2022))</ref>
* [[Will Sharpe]] (1986), actor born in London to a Japanese mother and British father
* [[Jun Tanaka (chef)|Jun Tanaka]] (1971), Japanese-American Michelin starred chef of ''The Ninth''
* Dame [[Mitsuko Uchida]] (1948), Japanese-British classical pianist

===Historical residents===
* [[Aoki Shūzō|Shuzo Aoki]] (1844–1914), Japanese diplomat, ambassador to Great Britain
* [[Kikuchi Dairoku|Dairoku Kikuchi]] (1855–1917), Japanese academic, first Japanese to graduate from Cambridge
* [[Hayashi Misao|Misao Hayashi]] (1858–1942), Japanese countess and socialite, wife of Ambassador Hayashi
* [[Hayashi Tadasu|Tadasu Hayashi]]  (1850–1913), first Japanese ambassador to the Court of St James's
* [[Yuzuru Hiraga]] (1878–1943), Japanese admiral, studied at Royal Naval College, Greenwich.  
* [[Itō Hirobumi]]  (1841–1909), first Prime Minister of Japan, member of the Chōshū Five
* Lady [[Tama Kurokawa]] (1869–1962), Japanese socialite and wife of orientalist, Sir Edwin Arnold    
* [[Yoshio Markino]]  (1869–1956), Japanese artist and author based in London
* [[Natsume Sōseki]] (1867–1916), Japanese novelist, studied at the University College London
* [[Tōgō Heihachirō|Heihachiro Togo]]  (1848–1934), Japanese admiral, cadet at the Thames Nautical Training College

==See also==
((Portal|London|Japan))
* [[Ethnic groups in London]]
* [[Japanese community in the United Kingdom]]
* [[Japanese Village, Knightsbridge]]
* [[Anglo-Japanese Alliance]]

==References==
* Sakai, Junko. ''[[Japanese Bankers in the City of London: Language, Culture and Identity in the Japanese Diaspora]]'' (Routledge Studies in Memory and Narrative). [[Routledge]], October 12, 2012. ((ISBN|1134645082)), 9781134645084.
* White, Paul. "The Japanese in London: From transience to settlement?" In: Goodman, Roger, Ceri Peach, Ayumi Takenaka, and Paul White (editors). ''Global Japan: The Experience of Japan's New Immigrant and Overseas Communities''. [[Routledge]], June 27, 2005. ((ISBN|1134431457)), 9781134431458.
** Alternate version of the same book: Goodman, Roger, Ceri Peach, Ayumi Takenaka, and Paul White (editors). ''Global Japan: The Experience of Japan's New Immigrant and Overseas Communities''. [[Routledge]], May 1, 2003. ((ISBN|0203986784)), 9780203986783. [https://books.google.com/books?id=u0VR7heJ2LMC See Google Books entry]

==Notes==
((reflist))

==Further reading==
* Pernille Rudlin, ''The History of the Mitsubishi Corporation in London: 1915 to Present Day''. Routledge, London, 2000.

==External links==
((Commons category|Japanese community of London))
* [http://www.japansociety.org.uk The Japan Society]
* [http://www.japanassociation.net/ Japan Association in the UK] (英国日本人会)
* ((in lang|ja)) [http://www.nipponclub.co.uk/ Nippon Club] (日本クラブ)
* [http://www.news-digest.co.uk Japanese Media based in the UK: Eikoku News Digest]（英国ニュースダイジェスト）
((Japanese diaspora))
((AsiansinUK))

[[Category:Asian-British culture in London]]
[[Category:British people of Japanese descent|*]]
[[Category:Japanese diaspora in the United Kingdom| ]]

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