Javanrud
Persian: جوانرود
City
Landscape near Javanrud
Landscape near Javanrud
Javanrud is located in Iran
Javanrud
Javanrud
Coordinates: 34°48′28″N 46°29′38″E / 34.80778°N 46.49389°E / 34.80778; 46.49389[1]
CountryIran
ProvinceKermanshah
CountyJavanrud
DistrictCentral
Population
 (2016)[2]
 • Total54,354
Time zoneUTC+3:30 (IRST)

Javanrud (Persian: جوانرود and Kurdish: جوانڕۆ, romanized: Ciwanro), also Romanized as Javānrūd; also known as Qal‘a Jūanrūd, Qal‘eh Jūānrūd, and Qal‘eh-ye Javānrūd, all meaning "Fort Javanrud", and Jūānrū,[3] is a city in the Central District of Javanrud County, Kermanshah province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district.[4] The city is located 79 kilometers north of Kermanshah and is 1,300 meters above sea level.[5]

At the 2006 National Census, its population was 43,104 in 9,591 households.[6] The following census in 2011 counted 51,483 people in 13,043 households.[7] The latest census in 2016 showed a population of 54,354 people in 15,010 households.[2]

Etymology

The name of the city is derived from the Kurdish Javanrud tribe, which had formerly dominated the area, and which has now become almost fully urban.[8]

History

During its early history, Javanrud was part of the loosely defined Ardalan province, the previous name of the present-day Kurdistan province. In 1909, its vali (governor) Aman-Allah Khan Ardalan (r. 1799–1825) ordered the construction of a fortress named Qal'a-ye Javanrud on a small hill near the middle of the Javanrud. In the mid-1970s, Javanrud was added to the Kermanshah province, later receiving its own sub-province in 1989.[8]

Demographics

The city is populated by Kurds, from various tribal backgrounds, who adhere to Sunni Islam. However, the Jaff tribe is the main tribe in the city. The two Sufi branches Naqshbandi and Qadiriyya have a strong presence in the city as well. The locals speak Gorani, Sorani and Persian.[8]

See also

References

  1. ^ OpenStreetMap contributors (14 July 2023). "Javanrud, Javanrud County" (Map). OpenStreetMap. Retrieved 14 July 2023.
  2. ^ a b "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016)". AMAR (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. p. 05. Archived from the original (Excel) on 3 April 2022. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
  3. ^ Javanrud can be found at GEOnet Names Server, at this link, by opening the Advanced Search box, entering "-3797685" in the "Unique Feature Id" form, and clicking on "Search Database".
  4. ^ Habibi, Hassan (21 June 1369). "Approval of the organization and chain of citizenship of the elements and units of the national divisions of Bakhtran province, centered in the city of Bakhtran". Research Center of the System of Laws of the Islamic Council of Farabi Mobile Library (in Persian). Ministry of Interior, Defense Political Commission of the Government Board. Archived from the original on 6 February 2013. Retrieved 29 January 2024.
  5. ^ "Iranian security forces are using lethal force to crush protests".
  6. ^ "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006)". AMAR (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. p. 05. Archived from the original (Excel) on 20 September 2011. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
  7. ^ "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011)". Syracuse University (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. p. 05. Archived from the original (Excel) on 18 January 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
  8. ^ a b c Marduk, Abdallah (2008). "JAVĀNRUD". Encyclopedia Iranica.


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