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((refimprove|date=October 2021))
[[File:Jazz Trio in Community Garden (5045973149).jpg|thumb|A jazz trio playing in a community garden.]]
A '''jazz trio''' is a group of three [[jazz]] musicians, often a piano trio comprising a [[pianist]], a [[double bass]] player and a [[drummer]].<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/art/trio-music|title = Trio &#124; music))</ref> Jazz trios are commonly named after their leader, such as the [[Bill Evans Trio]].

==Variants and examples==
Famous examples include the [[Bill Evans]] Trio with [[Scott LaFaro]] on bass and [[Paul Motian]] on drums; and the [[Vince Guaraldi]] trio, featuring Fred Marshall and [[Jerry Granelli]].

[[Nat King Cole]] formed a piano/guitar/bass trio in 1937.  This format was also used by [[Art Tatum]], [[Lennie Tristano]], [[Ahmad Jamal]], Vince Guaraldi, and [[Oscar Peterson]].  Tristano, Jamal, Guaraldi, and Peterson all later led trios with the traditional format of piano, bass, and drums.

Another variant is the [[organ trio]], comprising electric [[Organ (music)|organ]] (typically a [[Hammond organ|Hammond]] B-3), drums, and usually [[electric guitar]]. The [[bassist]] is excluded, and the organist instead plays the [[bassline]] with their left hand (on a keyboard) or their feet (on the [[bass pedalboard]]). Organists [[Jimmy Smith (musician)|Jimmy Smith]] and [[Jack McDuff]] and guitarists [[Grant Green]] and  [[Wes Montgomery]] are among the musicians who have worked in this format. The original line-up of [[the Tony Williams Lifetime]] featured Williams (drums); [[John McLaughlin (musician)|John McLaughlin]] (guitar); and [[Larry Young (musician)|Larry Young]] (organ).

Some other jazz trios include:

*[[Brad Mehldau Trio]] – Mehldau piano, [[Larry Grenadier]] bass and [[Jeff Ballard (musician)|Jeff Ballard]] drums.
*[[Keith Jarrett]] Trio – Jarrett piano, [[Gary Peacock]] bass and [[Jack DeJohnette]] drums.
*[[Mark Kramer (jazz pianist)|Mark Kramer Trio]] – Kramer piano,  Gary Mazzaroppi/[[Eddie Gomez]] bass, and John Mosemann drums.
*[[The Bad Plus]] – [[Orrin Evans]] (formerly [[Ethan Iverson]]) piano, [[Reid Anderson]] bass, and [[David King (musician)|Dave King]] drums. 
*[[Medeski Martin & Wood]] offers an organ trio variation whereby the guitarist is replaced by a bassist ([[Chris Wood (jazz musician)|Chris Wood]]).
*[[Marcin Wasilewski (pianist)|Marin Wasilewski Trio]] – Wasilewski piano, Slawomir Kurkiewicz bass, and Michal Miskiewicz drums.

==Less common formats==

As early as 1935, [[Benny Goodman]] recorded in a trio format, featuring himself ([[clarinet]]), [[Teddy Wilson]] (piano) and [[Gene Krupa]] (drums).  The [[Lester Young Trio]] of 1946 featured [[Lester Young | Young]] on [[tenor sax]], [[Nat King Cole]] on piano and [[Buddy Rich]] on drums.

In 1948, pianist Herman Blount (later known as [[Sun Ra]]) briefly played in a trio with [[Coleman Hawkins]] ([[saxophone]]) and [[Stuff Smith]] ([[violin]]), dispensing with a conventional rhythm section. [[Jimmy Giuffre]]'s 1958 trio also lacked bass or drums, featuring Giuffre (saxophone and clarinet), [[Jim Hall (musician)|Jim Hall]] (guitar) and [[Bob Brookmeyer]] on valve [[trombone]]. Giuffre's 1961 trio had [[Paul Bley]] on piano and [[Steve Swallow]] on bass. In 1986, Hall was involved in the Power of Three album; his fellow musicians were [[Wayne Shorter]] (saxophones) and [[Michel Petrucciani]] (piano). In the 1960s, saxophonist [[Anthony Braxton]] led a trio featuring [[Leroy Jenkins (jazz musician)|Leroy Jenkins]] (violin) and [[Wadada Leo Smith]] ([[trumpet]]).

In 1949, [[Red Norvo]] formed a trio consisting of himself on [[vibraphone]], plus guitar and bass; the best-known line-up featured [[Tal Farlow]] and a young [[Charles Mingus]].

In 1957, saxophonist [[Sonny Rollins]] recorded the album ''[[Way Out West (Sonny Rollins album)|Way Out West]]'' with bassist [[Ray Brown (musician)|Ray Brown]] and drummer [[Shelly Manne]]. Players who used this piano-less format in the 1960s include [[Ornette Coleman]] (with [[David Izenzon]] and [[Charles Moffett]]); [[Albert Ayler]] (with [[Gary Peacock]] and [[Sunny Murray]]) and [[Peter Brötzmann]] (with [[Peter Kowald]] and [[Sven-Ake Johansson]]).

The free jazz guitarist [[Derek Bailey (guitarist)|Derek Bailey]] played in a number of trios, including Joseph Holbrooke, with drummer [[Tony Oxley]] and [[Gavin Bryars]] on bass, and Iskra 1903, with [[Barry Guy]] (bass) and [[Paul Rutherford (trombone player)|Paul Rutherford]] (trombone).

The early-80s group [[Codona]] had a line-up of [[Don Cherry (jazz)|Don Cherry]] (trumpet) and two percussionists, [[Collin Walcott]] and [[Nana Vasconcelos]].

From the 1980s, drummer [[Paul Motian]] frequently recorded in a trio with [[Bill Frisell]] (guitar) and [[Joe Lovano]] (saxophone). Saxophonist and composer [[John Zorn]] released recordings in a trio with Frisell and [[George E. Lewis]] on [[trombone]].

The 1990s trio Clusone 3 comprised [[Michael Moore (musician)|Michael Moore]] (sax/clarinet), [[Han Bennink]] (drums) and [[Ernst Reijseger]] ([[cello]]).

In the 2000s and since, three members of the [[Association for the Advancement of Creative Musicians]] (AACM), pianist [[Muhal Richard Abrams]], trombonist [[George E. Lewis]] and saxophonist [[Roscoe Mitchell]], have concertized and recorded together.

==References==
((reflist))
((Musical ensembles))

((DEFAULTSORT:Jazz Trio))
[[Category:Types of musical groups]]
[[Category:Jazz ensembles]]
[[Category:Musical trios|*Jazz]]

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