Piron was born in Couvin in Belgium's Province of Namur on 10April 1896. He entered the Royal Military Academy in Brussels at the age of 17 in 1913. Following the German invasion of Belgium in August 1914 at the start of World War I, Piron, who had not finished his studies, was mobilised into the Belgian Army as a junior officer in the 2nd Regiment of the Line [fr].[1] He served with the Belgian army on the Yser Front and was promoted to the rank of lieutenant in 1916.[2] After being hospitalised with appendicitis in October 1917, he was transferred to the Belgian Air Force and served as an air observer with the 6th Reconnaissance Squadron.[2] He was wounded twice.[1] At the end of the war in 1918, Piron held the rank of acting captain.[2]
During the interwar period, Piron returned to his studies at the academy. He remained in the Belgian Army, serving in the headquarters of the 2ndArmy Corps and later in the 1st Grenadier Regiment.[2] Rising through the ranks to major, he served with the Regiment of Frontier Cyclists [nl] and later at the headquarters of the 5th Army Corps at the outbreak of the Phoney War.[2]
The Belgian government in exile began to form a Free Belgian army in late 1940 among Belgian soldiers and expatriates who had succeeded in reaching the United Kingdom. Following his arrival in Britain, Piron was tasked with reforming the Belgian and Luxembourgish forces into an infantry battalion, an artillery battery, and an armoured squadron.[2] The move followed a period of unrest among the Belgian troops which had culminated in a minor mutiny on 14 November, caused by inactivity and political infighting. The reaction by the incumbent commander, Colonel Lecomte, had been considered inadequate by the Belgian government.[3] Piron, designated as Lecomte's successor, took command in December 1942 and became commander of the resulting unit, the 1st Belgian Infantry Brigade, on its formation in January 1943.[2] The unit, numbering between 1,800 and 2,200 men, was soon popularly nicknamed the "Piron Brigade" (Brigade Piron) after him.[2][4] He was promoted to the rank of colonel in 1944.[2] His style of command earned him the nickname "the pasha" or "the lion".[5] According to Luc DeVos, a historian, "it was [...] indisputably Piron who played the major role in transforming the unit into a well-oiled military machine".[6]
The Brigade Piron was deployed to France in August 1944 following the Normandy Landings.[2] Although it was kept in reserve for most of the campaign, the unit was deployed in combat in Normandy alongside the British 6th Airborne Division and, later, the Guards Armoured Division.[2][1] Among other operations, the unit liberated the French town of Honfleur on 25 August. It was also involved in the Liberation of Belgium in September 1944 and entered Brussels on 4September, the day after the arrival of the first British troops.[2] The brigade was then moved to Dutch Limburg, where it participated in heavy fighting until November.[1]
While still serving as aide to the prince regent, Piron was promoted to command the Belgian Army of Occupation (Armée belge d'occupation, or ABO; Belgische Bezettingsleger, BBL) in Allied-occupied Germany in March 1946.[1] He was subsequently promoted to the rank of lieutenant general in December 1947.[2] Piron enjoyed the role but was dismissed in 1951 after falling out with the Belgian Minister of Defence Eugène De Greef.[1] He was transferred to head the Belgian Army's general staff, but Piron resented the move.[1] He became aide to the prince regent's successor, King Baudouin, in 1951.[2] In 1954 he was given a post as president of the Superior Council of the Armed Forces (Conseil supérieur des Forces armées, or CSFA) but still resented being transferred from the army in Germany.[2][1]
Piron finally retired from the military in 1957.[2] He published a memoir in 1969.[1] He died of a heart attack in his home in Uccle, a suburb of Brussels, on the morning of 4September 1974 after participating in the commemoration of the 30th anniversary of Brussels' Liberation.[1]
Publications
Souvenirs 1913–1945 (Brussels: Renaissance du Livre, 1969).[2]
Delforge, Paul (2012). "Jean-Baptiste Piron". Dictionnaire des Wallons. Connaître la Wallonie (French Community). Retrieved 17 December 2016.
De Vos, Luc (2001). "The Reconstruction of the Belgian Military Forces in Britain, 1940–1945". In Conway, Martin; Gotovitch, José (eds.). Europe in Exile: European Exile Communities in Britain, 1940–1945. Oxford: Berghahn. pp. 81–98. ISBN1-57181-503-1.
Bernard, Henri (1988). "Piron, Jean-Baptiste". Nouvelle Biographie Nationale. Vol. 1. Brussels: Académie Royale de Belgique. pp. 290–291.
Van den Dungen, Pierre (2010). Hubert Pierlot, 1883-1963. Brussels: Le Cri. ISBN978-2-8710-6542-5.
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