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((Short description|French historian and anthropologist (1914–2007)))
((more citations needed|date=February 2013))
((Infobox scientist
| name        = Jean-Pierre Vernant
| image       = Jean-Pierre Vernant (Aubervilliers 2006).jpg
| caption     = Vernant at his last conference, October 23, 2006 ([[Aubervilliers]])
| birth_date  = ((birth date|1914|1|4|mf=y))
| birth_place = [[Provins]], France
| death_date  = ((death date and age|2007|1|9|1914|1|4|mf=y))
| death_place = [[Sèvres]], France
| fields      = Anthropologist, historian
))
'''Jean-Pierre Vernant''' (((IPA-fr|vɛʁnɑ̃|lang)); January 4, 1914 – January 9, 2007) was a French [[history|historian]] and [[anthropology|anthropologist]], specialist in [[ancient Greece]]. Influenced by [[Claude Lévi-Strauss]], Vernant developed a [[structuralism|structuralist]] approach to Greek [[Greek mythology|myth]], [[tragedy]], and society which would itself be influential among classical scholars.<ref>((Cite book|last1=Vernant|first1=Jean-Pierre|title=Mortals and Immortals: Collected Essays|last2=Zeitlin|first2=Froma I.|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=1991|isbn=0-691-06831-3|location=Princeton, NJ|pages=24))</ref> He was an honorary professor at the [[Collège de France]].

== Biography ==
Born in [[Provins]], [[France]], Vernant at first studied [[philosophy]], receiving his [[agrégation]] in this field in 1937.

A member of the Young Communists (''Jeunes Communistes''), Vernant joined the [[French Resistance]] during [[World War II]] and was a member of ''[[Libération-sud]]'' (founded by [[Emmanuel d'Astier]]). He later commanded the [[French Forces of the Interior]] (FFI) in [[Haute-Garonne]] under the pseudonym of "Colonel Berthier." He was a [[Ordre de la Libération|Companion of the Liberation]]. After the war, he remained a member of the [[French Communist Party]] until 1969.

He entered the [[Centre national de la recherche scientifique]] (CNRS) in 1948 and, under the influence of [[Louis Gernet]], turned to the study of ancient Greek anthropology. Ten years later, he became director of studies at the [[École des hautes études en sciences sociales]] (EHESS). In 1971 he was professor in the [[University of São Paulo]].<ref>((cite web |url=http://www.fflch.usp.br/df/site/index.php?pg=hom_jpv.html |title=Filosofia – USP |access-date=2012-05-11 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110921020142/http://www.fflch.usp.br/df/site/index.php?pg=hom_jpv.html |archive-date=2011-09-21 )) Official Webpage of the Faculty of Philosophy (University of São Paulo) ((in lang|pt))</ref> This visit was also an act of protest that he made with [[François Châtelet]] against the [[brazilian military government]] (dictatorship).

He was a member of the French sponsorship committee for the [[Decade for the Promotion of a Culture of Peace and Non-Violence for the Children of the World]]. He supported the funding organisation ''Non-Violence XXI.''

He was awarded the CNRS gold medal in 1984. In 2002, he received an honorary doctorate at the [[University of Crete]].

Vernant died a few days after his 93rd birthday in [[Sèvres]].

After his death, his name was given to a French highschool in [[Sèvres]], le "Lycée Jean-Pierre Vernant".

== Influence ==
The structuralist approach pioneered by Vernant has been influential on a wide range of classical scholars. More specifically, Vernant's reading of the myth of [[Prometheus]] was an important influence on philosopher [[Bernard Stiegler|Bernard Stiegler's]] book, ''[[Technics and Time, 1: The Fault of Epimetheus]]''.

== Criticism ==
Vernant's approach has been heavily criticized, particularly among Italian philologists, even by those of Marxist tendencies. He has been accused of a fundamentally [[ahistorical]] approach, allegedly going as far as to manipulate his sources by describing them in categories which do not apply ([[polysemy]] and [[ambiguity]]).<ref>[[Vincenzo Di Benedetto]], ''La tragedia greca di Jean-Pierre Vernant'', in: ''Belfagor'' 32 (1977), p. 461-468; see also Vincenzo Di Benedetto, ''L'ambiguo nella [[Greek tragedy|tragedia greca]]: una categoria fuorviante'', in: ''[[Euripides|Euripide]] "[[Medea (play)|Medea]]", introd. di V. Di Benedetto, trad. di [[Ester Cerbo|E. Cerbo]]'', p. 62-75, [[Milan]] 1997.</ref>

== Awards==

=== Honours ===
* Commander of the [[Légion d'honneur]]
* Grand Cross of the [[Ordre national du Mérite]]
* [[Compagnon de la Libération]]
* [[Croix de guerre 1939–1945|Croix de Guerre]]
* Officier of the [[Ordre des Arts et des Lettres]]
* Commander of the [[Order of the Phoenix (Greece)]]

=== Awards and prizes ===

* 1980 : Amic Award of the [[Académie Française]] (France)
* 1984 : [[:Fr:Médaille d'or du CNRS|Médaille d'or du CNRS]] (France)
* 1991 : Gold Medal of History (San Marino)
* 1993 : Award for Humanistic Studies of the [[American Academy of Arts & Sciences]] (USA)

=== Honorary degrees ===

* [[University of Chicago]]
* [[University of Bristol]]
* [[Masaryk University]] of [[Brno]]
* [[University of Naples]]
* [[University of Oxford]]
* [[University of Crete]] (2002)
* [[New Bulgarian University]] (2004)

=== Other awards ===

* Associate member of the [[Académie royale de Belgique]]
* Foreign honorary member of the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]]
* Corresponding Fellow of the [[British Academy]]
* Honorary Member of the [[Journal of Hellenic Studies|Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies]]
* Membre de l'[[Academia Europaea]]

== Select publications ==
* ''Les origines de la pensée grecque'' (Paris), 1962 (= ''Origins of Greek Thought'', 1982)
* ''Mythe et pensée chez les Grecs: Etudes de psychologie historique'' (Paris), 1965 (= ''Myth and Thought among the Greeks'', 1983)
* With [[Pierre Vidal-Naquet]]: ''Mythe et tragédie en Grèce ancienne'', 2 vols. (Paris), 1972, 1986 (= ''Tragedy and Myth in Ancient Greece'', 1981; ''Myth and Tragedy in Ancient Greece'', 1988)
* ''Mythe et société en Grèce ancienne'' (Paris), 1974 (= ''Myth and Society in Ancient Greece'', 1978)
* ''Divination et rationalité'', 1974
* With [[Marcel Detienne]]: ''Les ruses de l'intelligence: La mètis des Grecs'' (Paris), 1974 (= ''Cunning Intelligence in Greek Culture and Society'', 1977)
* ''Religion grecque, religions antiques'' (Paris), 1976
* ''Religion, histoires, raisons'' (Paris), 1979
* With Marcel Detienne: ''La cuisine de sacrifice en pays grec'' (Paris), 1979 (= ''Cuisine of Sacrifice among the Greeks'', 1989)
* With Pierre Vidal-Naquet: ''Travail et esclavage en Grèce ancienne'' (Brussels), 1988
* ''L'individu, la mort, l'amour: soi-même et l'autre en Grèce ancienne'' (Paris), 1989
* ''Mythe et religion en Grèce ancienne'' (Paris), 1990
* ''Figures, idoles, masques'' (Paris), 1990
* With Pierre Vidal-Naquet: ''La Grèce ancienne'', 3 vols. (Paris), 1990–92
* ''Mortals and Immortals: Collected Essays'' (Princeton), 1991
* With Pierre Vidal-Naquet: ''Œdipe et ses mythes'' (Brussels), 1994
* ''Entre mythe et politique'' (Paris), 1996
* With [[Jean Bottéro]] and [[Clarisse Herrenschmidt]]: ((in lang|fr)) ''L'orient ancien et nous'' (Paris), 1996. ((in lang|en)) ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=_qm-Zx9_h_UC Ancestor of the West: Writing, Reasoning, and Religion in Mesopotamia, Elam, and Greece]'', translated by Teresa Lavender Fagan. University of Chicago Press, 2000. ((ISBN|978-0226067155)).
* With Françoise Frontisi-Ducroux: ''Dans l'œil du miroir'' (Paris), 1997
* ''[[The Universe, the Gods, and Men|L'univers, les dieux, les hommes: récits grecs des origines]]'' Paris, Le Seuil, 1999 (= ''The Universe, The Gods, and Men: Ancient Greek Myths'', 2001)
* ''La traversée des frontières'' (Paris), 2004

==References==
((Reflist))

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070205063620/http://news.independent.co.uk/people/obituaries/article2144035.ece ''Independent'' obituary] by [[Oswyn Murray]]
* [http://www.evene.fr/celebre/biographie/jean-pierre-vernant-17228.php Page with biographical information, French language]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060926034625/http://www.ox.ac.uk/publicaffairs/pubs/annualreview/ar99/hdegrees.shtml Citation for Oxford honorary degree]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061201095052/http://www.coe.int/t/e/cultural_co-operation/culture/completed_projects/frontiers/france.asp Council of Europe page]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070124130407/http://www.radiofrance.fr/chaines/france-culture2/dossiers/2007/vernant/liens.php Links to online interviews and media presentations by Vernant]

((Prix Méditerranée winners))
((Authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Vernant, Jean-Pierre))
[[Category:1914 births]]
[[Category:2007 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Provins]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the Collège de France]]
[[Category:Historians of antiquity]]
[[Category:French classical scholars]]
[[Category:Lycée Louis-le-Grand alumni]]
[[Category:Lycée Carnot alumni]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of São Paulo]]
[[Category:Members of Liberation-Sud]]
[[Category:Members of Academia Europaea]]
[[Category:Companions of the Liberation]]
[[Category:French hellenists]]
[[Category:French anthropologists]]
[[Category:20th-century French historians]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences]]
[[Category:Communist members of the French Resistance]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1939–1945 (France)]]
[[Category:Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences]]
[[Category:Corresponding Fellows of the British Academy]]
[[Category:Officiers of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres]]
[[Category:Commanders of the Legion of Honour]]
[[Category:Grand Officers of the Ordre national du Mérite]]
[[Category:20th-century anthropologists]]

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