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((Short description|French historian (1910–1987)))
((More citations needed|date=January 2024))
((Infobox person 
| name = Jean Maitron
| image = 
| caption = 
| birth_name =
| birth_date = 17 December 1910
| birth_place =[[Sardy-lès-Épiry]], [[Nièvre]], France 
| death_date = ((death-date and age|16 November 1987|17 December 1910))
| death_place =Créteil, France 
| death_cause = 
| resting_place = 
| resting_place_coordinates = 
| nationality =French
| other_names = 
| education =
| occupation = Historian
| employer = 
| known_for = ''[[Le Maitron]]''
| title =
| term = 
| predecessor = 
| successor = 
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))
'''Jean Maitron''' (17 December 1910 – 16 November 1987) was a French [[historian]] specialist of the [[labour movement]].<ref name="X1">((cite magazine |first=Rossana |last=Vaccaro |title=Une collecte contestée : les archives de militants au Centre d'histoire sociale du XXe siècle |language=fr |trans-title=A contested collection: the archives of activists at the Center for Social History of the 20th Century |magazine=((ill|La Gazette des archives|fr)) |publisher=((ill|Association des archivistes français|fr)) |date=2011 |pages=87–101 |url=https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00666918/document))</ref> A pioneer of such historical studies in France, he introduced it to University and gave it its [[archive]]s base, by creating in 1949 the ((lang|fr|Centre d'histoire du syndicalisme)) (Historic Center of Trade-Unions) in the [[University of Paris|Sorbonne]], which received important archives from activists such as [[Paul Delesalle]], [[Émile Armand]], [[Pierre Monatte]], and others. He was the Center's secretary until 1969.

Maitron, however, is best known for his ((lang|fr|[[Dictionnaire biographique du mouvement ouvrier français]])) (''DBMOF'' or, more currently, ((lang|fr|[[Le Maitron]]))), a comprehensive biographical dictionary of figures from the French workers' movement which was continued after his death, as well as a study of [[anarchism]], ''History of [[anarchism in France]]'' (first ed. 1951),<ref name="Clarini">((cite magazine |first1=Julie |last1=Clarini |first2=Claude |last2=Pennetier |author2-link=:fr:Claude Pennetier |title=Dans la tradition anarchiste, une attention portée à l'individu |language=fr |trans-title=In the anarchist tradition, a focus on the individual |magazine=[[Le Monde]] |date=3 June 2015 |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/livres/article/2015/06/03/claude-pennetier-dans-la-tradition-anarchiste-une-attention-portee-a-l-individu_4646588_3260.html))</ref> which has become a classic. Starting with the 1789 [[French Revolution]], it includes 103,000 entries gathered by 455 different authors working under Maitron's direction. The ''Maitron'' has now extended itself with [[Dictionnaire biographique du mouvement ouvrier international|international versions]], treating [[Austria]] (1971), [[United Kingdom]] (1979 and 1986), [[Japan]] (1979), [[Germany]] (1990), [[China]] (1985), [[Morocco]] (1998), [[United States]] from 1848 to 1922 (2002), a transnational one about the [[Comintern|Komintern]] (2001) and the most recently published about [[Algeria]] (2006), almost all published at the ((lang|fr|[[Éditions de l'Atelier]])).<ref name="Collection Jean Maitron">[https://bibliotheques-admin.paris.fr/jeunesse/search.aspx?SC=DEFAULT&QUERY=SeriesTitle_exact%3a%22Collection+Jean+Maitron%22&QUERY_LABEL=Recherche+de+collection#/Search/(query:(Page:0,PageRange:3,QueryString:'SeriesTitle_exact:%22Collection%20Jean%20Maitron%22',ResultSize:-1,ScenarioCode:DEFAULT,SearchContext:0,SearchLabel:'Recherche%20de%20collection')) ''Collection Jean Maitron''] sur ''bibliotheques-admin.paris.fr'', ((OCLC|931980112))</ref>

Jean Maitron also founded and directed two reviews, ((lang|fr|[[L'Actualité de l'Histoire]])) and then ((lang|fr|[[Le Mouvement social]])), which were directed after his death by [[Madeleine Rebérioux]] (1920–2005) then [[Patrick Fridenson]] (currently director of studies at the [[EHESS]]).

==Biography==
Born in a family of teachers with [[Communism|Communist]] ideas, Jean Maitron joined the [[French Communist Party]] (PCF) in 1931 only to leave it the next year, opposed to its "[[social fascist]]" line. He then became a member of the [[Trotskyist]] ((lang|fr|[[Ligue communiste]])) which was supporting an [[anti-fascist]] line, but he left it when [[Leon Trotsky]] advocated fusion with the [[French Section of the Workers' International]] (SFIO) (dubbed "[[French Turn]]", which took place between 1934 and 1936). Maitron wrote to [[Marcel Cachin]] and was allowed to return to the PCF, where he remained a member until the [[World War II]]. During the 1930s, Jean Maitron traveled to the [[USSR]] (in August 1933), as well as to Germany (from 1 December 1933 to 1 June 1934) and finally to [[Barcelona]] in [[Spain]] in 1935. After the 1940 [[Battle of France|defeat of France]], he immediately organized support for political prisoners, and accepted the post of secretary of [[Asnières-sur-Seine|Asnières]]'s section of the ((lang|fr|[[Syndicat national des instituteurs]])) trade-union (which was a member of the ((lang|fr|[[Fédération de l'éducation nationale]]))).

After the war, Maitron supported [[laïcité|laïcism]] against [[clericalism]], and was head of the Apremont school in the [[Vendée]] from 1950 to 1955. He joined the ((Lang|fr|[[Union de la gauche socialiste]])) (UGS) in 1959, which participated to the ((Lang|fr|[[Unified Socialist Party (France)|Parti Socialiste Unifié]]|italic=no)) (PSU)'s foundation in 1960. Maitron left the PSU in January 1968, when it considered merging with the ((lang|fr|[[Fédération de la gauche démocrate et socialiste]])) (FGDS).

Maitron wrote in 1950 a study on the anarchism movement in France and wrote a complementary study of [[Paul Delessale]], an [[anarcho-syndicalist]]. He retired in 1976 and was nominated as ((lang|fr|chevalier de la [[Légion d'honneur]])) in 1982 and a ((lang|fr|chevalier des Arts et Lettres)) in 1985.<ref name="CP">((cite web |language=fr |first=Claude |last=Pennetier |author-link=:fr:Claude Pennetier |title=Jean Maitron |url=https://maitron.fr/spip.php?article23901 |date=23 October 2019 |website=maitron.fr |access-date=4 August 2020))</ref> Jean Maitron was cremated at the [[Père Lachaise cemetery]] and his ashes dispersed.

==Legacy==
The ((lang|fr|[[Fédération de l'éducation nationale]])) (FEN, a teacher's trade union) created in 1996 the Jean Maitron Award, which honors a student's work which builds on Maitron's achievements. A social history book collection also bears his name.

Maitron's work is carried on by a team directed by ((ill|Claude Pennetier|fr)), a researcher at the [[CNRS]], a unit of the ((lang|fr|Centre d'histoire sociale du XXe)) (CNRS-[[University of Paris I: Panthéon-Sorbonne|University of Paris I]]). A new series of the Maitron dictionary, in 12 volumes, was published in 2006. Titled ((lang|fr|[[Dictionnaire biographique, mouvement ouvrier, mouvement social]])), it covers the period between 1940 and 1968.

==Bibliography==
*''[[Histoire du mouvement anarchiste en France (1800–1914)]]'', SUDEL, Paris, 1951, 744 p., out of print. Second edition with preface from G. Bourgin, 1955, out of print. Reprinted in two volumes by [[François Maspero]], Paris, 1975, reprinted [[Gallimard]]. 
*''Le [[Anarcho-syndicalism|Syndicalisme révolutionnaire]], Paul Delesalle''. Preface d'É. Dolléans, ''[[Éditions ouvrières]]'', 1952, 176 p. Reprinted by A. [[Fayard]] in 1985. 
*''De la Bastille au Mont Valérien. Dix promenades à travers Paris révolutionnaire'', Éditions ouvrières, 1956, 286 p. Out of print.
*''[[Ravachol]] et les anarchistes,'' collection Archives, 1964, 216 p. Out of print.
*Publication de textes : H. Messager, ''Lettres de déportation, 1871-1876'', Paris, Le Sycomore, 380 p., 1979. 
*''Les Archives de Pierre Monatte'' (in collaboration with Colette Chambelland), preface from E. Labrousse, Maspero, 1968, 462 p. -- Dictionnaire biographique du mouvement ouvrier, Editions ouvrières then Editions de l'Atelier.
*The series of 61 volumes of the French and international [[Le Maitron]] (34 published during his life, 27 published after his death under the direction of Claude Pennetier), ''[[Editions de l'Atelier]]''.<ref name="Collection Jean Maitron"/>

==See also==
*[[Anarchism in France]]

==References==
((reflist))

==External links==
*[http://biosoc.univ-paris1.fr/ Encyclopédie Maitron] ((in lang|fr))
*[http://www.iedu.asso.fr/fiche.php?page=Financement&id=817 Award Jean-Maitron] ((Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812044157/http://www.iedu.asso.fr/fiche.php?page=Financement&id=817 |date=2014-08-12 )) ((in lang|fr))

((Authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Maitron, Jean))
[[Category:1910 births]]
[[Category:1987 deaths]]
[[Category:French Communist Party members]]
[[Category:French Trotskyists]]
[[Category:Union of the Socialist Left politicians]]
[[Category:Unified Socialist Party (France) politicians]]
[[Category:Historians of anarchism]]
[[Category:Labor historians]]
[[Category:Historians of France]]
[[Category:20th-century French historians]]
[[Category:French male non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:Le Maitron]]
[[Category:University of Paris people]]

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