Gerald Anderson Lawson (December 1, 1940 – April 9, 2011)[3][4] was an American electronic engineer. He is known for his work in designing the Fairchild Channel F video game console as well as leading the team that pioneered the commercial video game cartridge.[5] He was thus dubbed the "father of the videogame cartridge" according to Black Enterprise magazine in 1982. He eventually left Fairchild and founded the game company Video-Soft.[1]
Early life
Lawson was born in Brooklyn, New York City, on December 1, 1940.[6] His father, Blanton, was a longshoreman with an interest in science, while his mother, Mannings, worked for the city, and also served on the Parent-Teachers Association for the local school.[7] His grandfather had studied to become a physicist but was unable to pursue a career in physics and worked instead as a postmaster.[8][9] His parents ensured he received a good education and encouraged his interests in scientific hobbies, including ham radio and chemistry. In addition, Lawson said that his first-grade teacher encouraged him on his path to be someone influential, similar to George Washington Carver.[6] He lived in Queens as a teenager. He earned money by repairing television sets. At the age of 13, he gained an amateur radio license and built his own station at home with parts he bought from local electronic stores. He attended both Queens College and City College of New York, but did not complete a degree at either.[6]
Career
The Fairchild Channel F, with the cartridge slot on the right of the unit
In 1970, he joined Fairchild Semiconductor in San Francisco as an applications engineering consultant within their sales division. While there, he created a coin-operated video game called Destruction Derby in his garage, which was never released.[6][7][10] Completed in early 1975 using Fairchild's new F8 microprocessors, Destruction Derby was among the earliest microprocessor-driven games.[11]
In the mid-1970s, Lawson was made Chief Hardware Engineer[12] and Director of Engineering and Marketing for Fairchild's video game division.[6] There, he led the development of the Fairchild Channel F console, released in 1976 and specifically designed to use swappable game cartridges based on technology licensed from Alpex.[5] At the time, most game systems had the game programming built into the hardware so it could not be removed or changed. Lawson and his team refined and improved technology developed at Alpex that allowed games to be stored as software on removable ROM cartridges. These could be inserted and removed repeatedly from a console unit without any danger of electric shocks.[5] This would allow users to buy a library of games, and provided a new revenue stream for the console manufacturers through sales of these games.[13] The Channel F console featured a variety of controls, including a new 8-way joystick designed by Lawson and a "pause" button, which was a first for a home video game console.[14] The Channel F was not successful commercially but the cartridge approach was popularized with the Atari 2600 released in 1977.[15][16]
While he was with Fairchild, Lawson was a member of the Homebrew Computer Club, a group of early computer hobbyists that included several who became well-known including Apple founders Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak.[15] Lawson noted he had interviewed Wozniak for a position at Fairchild, but did not hire him.[6]
In 1980, Lawson left Fairchild and founded Videosoft, a video game development company that made software for the Atari 2600 in the early 1980s, as the 2600 had displaced the Channel F as the top system in the market.[5][17] Videosoft closed about five years later, and Lawson started to take on consulting work. At one point, he worked with Stevie Wonder to produce a "Wonder Clock" that would wake a child with the sound of a parent's voice, though it never made it to production.[13] Lawson later collaborated with the Stanford mentor program and was preparing to write a book on his career.[15]
Death
Around 2003, Lawson started having complications from diabetes, losing the use of one leg and sight from one eye.[7] On April 9, 2011, about one month after being honored by the International Game Developers Association (IGDA), he died of complications from diabetes.[6][13] At the time of his death, he resided in Santa Clara, California, and was survived by his wife Catherine, two children, and his brother.[6]
Legacy
In March 2011, Lawson was honored as an industry pioneer for his work on the game cartridge concept by the International Game Developers Association (IGDA).[13] Lawson was honored with the ID@Xbox Gaming Heroes award at the 21st Independent Games Festival on March 20, 2019, for leading the development of the first cartridge-based game console.[18]
The first episode of Season 6 of Command Line Heroes, "Jerry Lawson: The Engineer Who Changed the Game", covers his work on the Channel F.[23] Lawson is also prominently featured in the second episode of the second season of History's The Toys That Built America, "The Birth of Video Games" along with other pioneers of the early video game industry Nolan Bushnell and Ralph Baer.[24]
University of Southern California's Games Program and Take-Two Interactive established the Gerald A. Lawson Fund in May 2021 to support black and indigenous students enrolled in the university's programming seeking careers in the video game industry.[25]Microsoft also began contributing to the fund in August 2021.[26]
The Google Doodle on December 1, 2022, was dedicated to Lawson to celebrate what would have been his 82nd birthday, allowing the user to make games, edit existing built-in games, and share games.[27][28]
