Johannes Semper (22 March [O.S. 10 March] 1892 – 21 February 1970)^[1] was an Estonian poet, writer, translator and politician.

He was born in Pahuvere (now Viljandi Parish), Kreis Fellin, in the Governorate of Livonia. A student and later a prominent scholar at the University of Tartu, he was briefly nominated as Minister for Education of Estonia when the country was occupied by the Soviet Union in 1940.^[2]

He wrote the lyrics of the Anthem of Estonian SSR.^[3]

He died in Tallinn.