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((Short description|American naval constructor))
((Multiple issues|section=|
((more citations needed|date=May 2019))
((more footnotes|date=August 2018))
))
((Use mdy dates|date=March 2012))
[[Image:JohnLPorter1813-1893.jpg|thumb|right|John L. Porter, Chief Naval Constructor of the [[Confederate States Navy]]]]
'''John Luke Porter''' (13 September 1813 – 4 December 1893)<ref name=":0">((Cite book|last=Stewart, William H. (William Henry), 1838-1912.|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/6285618|title=History of Norfolk County, Virginia, and representative citizens. 1637-1900.|date=1902|publisher=Biographical Pub. Co|pages=891|oclc=6285618))</ref> was a naval constructor for [[United States Navy]] and the [[Confederate States Navy]].

== Early life ==
Porter was born in Portsmouth, Virginia in 1813. His mother was Frances Pritchard, daughter of Captain William Pritchard, an officer of the [[American Revolutionary War|Revolutionary War]]. He had four brothers, two of whom were in shipbuilding business. Porter learned the art of shipbuilding from his father.

== United States Navy ==
In 1846 he was appointed acting constructor in United States Navy and superintended the building of the iron sloop-of-war [[USS Allegheny (1847)|USS ''Alleghany'']] in [[Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania]]. While in Pittsburgh he designed and submitted to the Navy Department plans and specifications for an [[ironclad warship]], but his idea did not receive much attention in Washington.<ref name=":0" /> The ironclad warships were a new concept at this time and it wasn't until 1859 until the first ironclad battleship, ''[[French ironclad Gloire|Gloire]]'', was built by [[French Navy]].

After three years at Pittburg Porter received an assignment as a regular constructor of the sloop-of-war [[USS Constellation (1854)|USS ''Constellation'']], the steam sloops [[USS Pensacola (1859)|USS ''Pensacola'']] and [[USS Seminole (1859)|USS ''Seminole'']], and the steam frigates [[USS Powhatan (1850)|USS ''Powhatan'']] and [[USS Colorado (1856)|USS ''Colorado'']]. Upon the [[Florida in the American Civil War|secession of Florida]] in January 1861 Porter was stationed at [[Pensacola Navy Yard]] in Florida. He was ordered to the [[Washington Navy Yard]] and then to the [[Norfolk Naval Shipyard|Gosport Navy Yard]], where he witnessed the start of the [[American Civil War|Civil War]].<ref name=":0" />

== Confederate States Navy ==
Although he opposed the secession of Virginia, he kept allegiance to his state and resigned from the U.S. Navy in May 1861.

Porter began working for the [[Confederate States Navy]] at the Gosport Navy Yard, at Portsmouth. He modified his previous ironclad design and submitted it to Secretary [[Stephen Mallory|Stephen R. Mallory]] of the Confederate States Navy on 24 June 1861. Chief Engineer of the Navy William P. Williamson, [[John Mercer Brooke|Lt. John Mercer Brooke]] and Porter developed a plan of the conversion of the scuttled and burned steam frigate [[USS Merrimack (1855)|USS ''Merrimack'']] to an [[ironclad]], which became [[CSS Virginia|CSS ''Virginia'']] when commissioned in February 1862.<ref name=":0" /> Porter had overall responsibility for the conversion,<ref>((cite journal|last=Egan|first=Robert S.|year=2005|title=Thoughts and Speculation on the Conversion of USS Merrimack into CSS Virginia|journal=Warship International|publisher=International Naval Research Organization|volume=XLII|issue=4|pages=362–414|issn=0043-0374))</ref> while Brooke was responsible for her iron plate and heavy ordnance and Williamson oversaw the ship's machinery.<ref>((cite book|last=Quarstein|first=John V.|title=The Battle of Hampton Roads: New Perspectives on the USS Monitor and CSS Virginia|publisher=Fordham University Press|year=2006|isbn=0-8232-2481-3|editor=Holzer, Harold|location=New York|chapter=Sink Before Surrender: The Story of the CSS Virginia|editor2=Mulligan, Tim))</ref>

Sometimes after the blockade of the Confederate ports in Summer 1861, Porter was appointed Chief Constructor in the Confederate States Navy and served in that capacity until the end of the war.<ref name=":0" />

After the [[Confederate States|Confederates]] abandoned the [[Norfolk, Virginia|Norfolk]] area in May 1862, Porter became a Naval Constructor at [[Richmond, Virginia|Richmond]], Virginia and later at [[Wilmington, North Carolina|Wilmington]], North Carolina. He was promoted to Chief Naval Constructor in January 1864 and served in that capacity to the end of the [[U.S. Civil War]], designing many of the South's domestically-built warships.

== Later life ==
Following the conflict, Porter worked in civilian shipbuilding industry in Baltimore and ferry operations in Norfolk.

When [[Portsmouth, Virginia]] was first incorporated, Porter was elected president of the first City Council.<ref name=":0" />

He is buried at [[Cedar Grove Cemetery (Portsmouth, Virginia)|Cedar Grove Cemetery]], Portsmouth, Virginia.

==References==
((Reflist))
*((DANFS))
*Ironclads and Big Guns of the Confederacy : The Journal and Letters of John Mercer Brooke. By George M. Brooke Jr. (Editor)

((Authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Porter, John L.))
[[Category:1813 births]]
[[Category:1893 deaths]]
[[Category:Confederate States Navy]]
[[Category:American Civil War industrialists]]

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