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((Short description|Surveyor and cartographer (c. 1704–1762)))
((Use dmy dates|date=May 2024))
((Multiple issues|
((Lead too short|date=July 2020))
((More citations needed|date=July 2020))
((More footnotes needed|date=July 2020))
))
[[File:Plan du Jardin et Vue des Maisons de Chiswick.jpg|thumb|upright=1.6|Rocque's plan of [[Chiswick House]] and gardens, 1736]]
'''John Rocque''' (originally Jean; ((Circa|1704))–1762) was a French-born British surveyor and [[cartographer]], best known for his detailed [[John Rocque's Map of London, 1746|map of London]] published in 1746.

==Life and career==
Rocque was born in France in about 1704, one of four children of a [[Huguenot]] family who subsequently fled first to [[Geneva]], and then, probably in 1709, to England. He became a godfather in 1728, which suggests he was at least twenty-one years old by that time.

In addition to his work as a surveyor and mapmaker, Rocque was an engraver and map seller. He was also involved in some way in gardening as a young man, living with his brother Bartholomew, who was a landscape gardener, and producing plans for [[parterre]]s, perhaps recording pre-existing designs, but few details of this work are known. Rocque produced engraved plans of the gardens at [[Wrest Park Gardens|Wrest Park]] (1735), [[Claremont (stately house)|Claremont]] (1738), Charles Hamilton's naturalistic landscape garden at [[Painshill Park]], Surrey (1744), [[Wanstead House#Gardens|Wanstead House]] (1745) and [[Wilton House]] (1746).

Rocque is now remembered principally for his [[John Rocque's Map of London, 1746|Map of London]]. He began work on this in 1737 and it was published in 24 printed sheets in 1746. It was by far the most detailed map of London published up to that time, and remains an important historical resource.

The map of London and his other maps brought him an appointment as [[cartographer]] to [[Frederick, Prince of Wales]] in 1751. A fire in 1750 destroyed his premises and stock, but by 1753 he was employing ten draughtsmen, and ''The Small British Atlas: Being a New set of Maps of all the Counties of England and Wales'' appeared. There was a second edition in 1762.

He also surveyed and published maps of Middlesex, Oxford, Berkshire, & Buckinghamshire in 1760.<ref name="sssi">((cite web |url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003870.pdf |title=Site name: Lodge Wood and Sandford Mill |access-date=8 March 2017 |archive-date=30 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140330113845/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003870.pdf |url-status=dead ))</ref>

[[File:John Rocque's map of London and Westminster, 1746, all sheets.jpg|thumb|centre|upright=2.6|Rocque's [[John Rocque's Map of London, 1746|Map of London]], 1746]]

==Time in Dublin==
Rocque spent six years in [[Dublin]] (1754–60), where he produced a number of maps of the Irish capital, as well as county maps of [[County Dublin|Dublin]] and [[County Armagh|Armagh]], city maps of [[Kilkenny]] and [[Cork (city)|Cork]], and a series of sumptuously illustrated manuscript surveys of the estates of the then [[James FitzGerald, 1st Duke of Leinster|Earl of Kildare]].<ref>((cite book |last1=Lennon |first1=Colm |last2=Montague |first2=John |date=2010 |title=John Rocque's Dublin: a guide to the Georgian City |location=Dublin |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |isbn=978-1-904890-69-0 ))</ref> In 1756, he published the first detailed printed map of Dublin, the 4-sheet ''Exact Survey of Dublin'' (officially entitled ''An Exact Survey of the City and Suburbs of Dublin in Which is Express'd the Ground Plot of all Publick Buildings Dwelling Houses Ware Houses Stables Courts Yards &c by John Rocque Chorographer to their Royal Highnesses The Late & Present Prince of Wales - 1756'').<ref>((cite web|url=https://iiif.lib.harvard.edu/manifests/view/ids:10135320|title=An Exact Survey of the City and Suburbs of Dublin in Which is Express'd the Ground Plot of all Publick Buildings Dwelling Houses Ware Houses Stables Courts Yards &c by John Rocque Chorographer to their Royal Highnesses The Late & Present Prince of Wales. 1756 |access-date=19 March 2023|website=lib.harvard.edu))</ref> A detail from this map later featured on the Irish [[Series B banknotes#Ten Pounds|Series B ten pound banknote]] (1976–1993). 

Rocque also covered the hinterland of Dublin in ''A Survey of the City Harbour Bay and Environs of Dublin'', published in four sheets in 1758.<ref>((cite web|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b53057253b/f1.item|title=A Survey of the City, Harbour, Bay and Environs of Dublin on the same Scale as those of London, Paris & Rome|access-date=1 December 2022|website=gallica.bnf.fr))</ref> These extended as far as [[Skerries, Dublin|Skerries]] and Cardy Rocks to the north, [[Carton House]] to the west, [[Blessington]] to the south-west and [[Enniskerry]] to the south.

==Personal life==
Rocque married twice. His widow, [[Mary Ann Rocque]], continued the business after his death.<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/maps/roq1753.htm |title=Rocque, 1753 (Maps of IoM) |publisher=Isle-of-man.com |access-date=8 March 2017))</ref>

==References==
((reflist))

==Further reading==
* ((cite book |last1=Lennon |first1=Colm |last2=Montague |first2=John |date=2010 |title=John Rocque's Dublin: a guide to the Georgian City |location=Dublin |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |isbn=978-1-904890-69-0 ))
* ((cite odnb |first=Paul |last=Laxton |title=Rocque, John (1704?–1762) |year=2004 |id=37907 ))
* ((cite journal |first=John |last=Montague |title=New light on John Rocque: his career as artist-engraver and his two great city maps of London (1746) and Dublin (1756) |journal=[[Imago Mundi]] |volume=74 |issue=1 |year=2022 |pages=31–62 |doi=10.1080/03085694.2022.2042125 |s2cid=250180449 ))
* ((cite journal |last=O'Neill |first=Jean |title=John Rocque as a guide to gardens |journal=Garden History |volume=16 |issue=1 |year=1988 |pages=8–16 |doi=10.2307/1586901 |jstor=1586901 ))
* ((cite journal |first=Hugh |last=Philips |title=John Rocque's career |journal=London Topographical Record |volume=20 |year=1952 |pages=9–25 ))
* ((cite journal |first=E. H. |last=Varley |title=John Rocque, the mapmaker, and his Huguenot associations |journal=Proceedings of the Huguenot Society of London |volume=17 |issue=5 |year=1946 |pages=457–61 ))
* ((cite journal |first=John |last=Varley |title=John Rocque: engraver, surveyor, cartographer and map-seller |journal=[[Imago Mundi]] |volume=5 |year=1948 |pages=83–91 |doi=10.1080/03085694808591908 ))

==External links==
((Commons category|John Rocque))
*[https://mapforum.com/2022/03/09/biography-john-rocque/ A detailed biography]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20130523191653/http://www.motco.com/MAP/81002/ Rocque's map of London online]
*[http://www.euratlas.net/cartogra/Rocque/index.html Rocque's clickable map post-road of Europe]
*[https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b530571173?rk=944210;4 Rocque's ''Exact Survey of Dublin'' 1756]
*[http://bdh.bne.es/bnesearch/CompleteSearch.do;jsessionid=471BBB3A9F5739A063676D1A3A07684B?field=todos&text=dublin&showYearItems=&exact=on&textH=&advanced=false&completeText=&pageSize=1&pageSizeAbrv=10&pageNumber=1 Rocque's 1758 Harbour & Environs map online]
*[http://purl.org/net/nysl/nysdocs/1010245 A Set of Plans and Forts in America, Reduced From Actual Survey]. John Rocque. This 1763 volume contains drawings of 29 British forts in colonial America (now Canada and the United States).  Digitized by the [[New York State Library]].

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((DEFAULTSORT:Rocque, John))
[[Category:English cartographers]]
[[Category:1762 deaths]]
[[Category:Year of birth uncertain]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:18th-century French cartographers]]
[[Category:18th-century English people]]
[[Category:English surveyors]]
[[Category:Huguenots]]

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