John Tanton
Born(1934-02-23)February 23, 1934
Detroit, Michigan, U.S.
DiedJuly 16, 2019(2019-07-16) (aged 85)
Petoskey, Michigan
Alma materMichigan State University (BS)
University of Michigan (MS, MD)
Occupation(s)Ophthalmologist, activist
SpouseMary Lou Tanton

John Hamilton Tanton[1] (February 23, 1934 – July 16, 2019) was an American ophthalmologist, white nationalist[2][3][4] and anti-immigration activist.[5] He was the founder and first chairman of the Federation for American Immigration Reform (FAIR), an anti-immigration organization. He was the co-founder of the Center for Immigration Studies, an anti-immigration think tank; and NumbersUSA, an anti-immigration lobbying group. He was chairman of U.S. English and ProEnglish. He was briefly President of Zero Population Growth. He was the founder of The Social Contract Press, which published a quarterly journal of nativist and white nationalist writers called The Social Contract until Fall 2019.[6] He founded the pro-eugenics organization Society for Genetic Education.

Early life

Tanton was born in 1934 in Detroit.[7][8] In 1945, he moved with his family to a farm northeast of Bay City, Michigan, on which his mother had been raised and on which he worked.[9]

Tanton graduated with a bachelor's degree in chemistry from Michigan State University in 1956, received an M.D. from the University of Michigan in 1960, and received an M.S. in ophthalmology from the University of Michigan in 1964.[8]

Career

Tanton ran an ophthalmology practice in Petoskey, Michigan.[10]

Political advocacy

Tanton was an anti-immigration activist.[10][11] He was the founder and patron of many anti-immigration non-profit organizations,[12][13] including ProEnglish.[14] By 2019, six anti-immigrant groups founded by Tanton were designated as hate groups by the Southern Poverty Law Center.[14]

Earlier in his advocacy career, he founded the Petoskey chapter of the Sierra Club, helped found the northern Michigan chapter of Planned Parenthood, and became an active member and then president of Zero Population Growth from 1975 to 1977.[11][15] Unable to secure support from colleagues in groups such as Planned Parenthood and the Sierra Club to limit immigration, in 1979 he founded the non-profit Federation for American Immigration Reform (FAIR) with early support from Warren Buffett and Eugene McCarthy, with the promise that it would be "centrist/liberal in political orientation".[10][15] In 1983, he co-founded U.S. English with former United States Senator S. I. Hayakawa[11][14] to advocate for making English the official language of the United States.[16]

Additionally, Tanton co-founded and was heavily involved in the Center for Immigration Studies (CIS), Numbers USA, the American Immigration Control Foundation, American Patrol/Voices of Citizens Together, Californians for Population Stabilization, and ProjectUSA.[2][3][17] Donations flow through U.S. Inc.,[18][19] which also supports Scenic Michigan, the International Dark-Sky Association, the Foreign Policy Association's Great Decisions Series, and the Harbor Springs chapter of the North Country Trail Association. Tanton served on the Board of Population-Environment Balance.[20]

Tanton founded the Social Contract Press in 1990. He served as its publisher. Additionally, he was the editor-in-chief of its journal, The Social Contract, since 1998.[21] He co-authored the book The Immigrant Invasion with Wayne Lutton, which was published by the Social Contract Press in 1994.[22]

Promotion of eugenics

According to CNN, Tanton "has openly embraced eugenics, the science of improving the genetic quality of the human population by encouraging selective breeding and at times, advocating for the sterilization of genetically undesirable groups."[23] Tanton wrote a paper in 1975 arguing for "passive eugenics" whereby child-bearing would be restricted to those between the ages of 20 and 35.[24] He also founded the pro-eugenics organization, the Society for Genetic Education (SAGE).[24]

Opposition to immigration

According to Rafael Bernal of the Hill, Tanton's opposition to immigration was "on the grounds of population reduction and protection of an ethnic white majority".[25] According to the New York Times, Tanton over time increasingly made his case against immigration in "racial terms".[26] According to the New York Times, Tanton also said "One of my prime concerns is about the decline of folks who look like you and me ... for European-American society and culture to persist requires a European-American majority, and a clear one at that."[26]

Resignation from U.S. English

In 1988, shortly before a referendum in Arizona to make English the state's official language, a memo written by Tanton was leaked to the media. The Arizona Republic published a 1986 memo from Tanton.[27][28]

After the memo was published, executive director Linda Chavez resigned,[29] former supporters of the group, including Walter Cronkite, Saul Bellow, and Gore Vidal, also ended their association, and Tanton resigned from his position as chairman of the group.[11][27][30] Tanton complained that he had been smeared as a racist.[31]

Funding of FAIR

Under Tanton's leadership FAIR was criticized for taking funding for many years from the Pioneer Fund, a non-profit foundation dedicated to "improving the character of the American people" by, among other things, promoting the practice of eugenics, or selective breeding.[30] FAIR responded to this criticism by asserting that the Pioneer Fund clearly states that it supports equal opportunity for all Americans, regardless of race, religion, national origin, or ethnicity; that other major organizations, including universities in the United States and other countries, have also accepted grants from the Fund;[32] and that the Pioneer Fund's contributions to FAIR were used only for the general operation of the organization.[33]

Southern Poverty Law Center criticism

Both FAIR and Social Contract Press are designated as hate groups by the Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC).[34][35] In 2001, the SPLC included these groups, and Tanton, in a list of inter-connected network of anti-immigration groups which espouse bigotry, either openly, or thinly disguised.[36]

In February 2009, the SPLC again described his views as racist.[37] Tanton's environmentalist and anti-immigration activities are well-documented in 15 file boxes of archives he donated to the Bentley Historical Library at the University of Michigan. Another 10 file boxes are sealed until 2035.[38][39] A February 2009 Southern Poverty Law Center report examined Tanton's written correspondence[39] highlighted alleged connections between Tanton's anti-immigration efforts and white supremacist, neo-Nazi and pro-eugenics leaders. The introduction to the report read:

FAIR, CIS and NumbersUSA are all part of a network of restrictionist organizations conceived and created by John Tanton, the "puppeteer" of the nativist movement and a man with deep racist roots. As the first article in this report shows, Tanton has for decades been at the heart of the white nationalist scene. He has met with leading white supremacists and associated closely with the leaders of a eugenicist foundation once described by a leading newspaper as a "neo-Nazi organization." He has made a series of racist statements about Latinos and worried that they were outbreeding whites. At one point, he wrote candidly that to maintain American culture, "a European-American majority" is required.[38]

Tanton rejected the Southern Poverty Law Center's accusations of being a racist and eugenicist in a 2010 article, "SPLC’s MO: Audacter calumniare semper aliquid haeret (slander boldly, something always sticks)".[40]

Personal life

Tanton was married to Mary Lou Tanton. She chairs the U.S. Immigration Reform PAC.[41] She also co-founded Scenic Michigan.[42]

Tanton had Parkinson's disease for his last 16 years.[1] He died in Petoskey on July 16, 2019.[5][43]

References

  1. ^ a b Schudel, Matt (July 21, 2019). "John Tanton, architect of anti-immigration and English-only efforts, dies at 85". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2020-05-20.
  2. ^ a b Woods, Joshua; Manning, Jason; Matz, Jacob (2 October 2015). "The Impression Management Tactics of an Immigration Think Tank". Sociological Focus. 48 (4): 354–372. doi:10.1080/00380237.2015.1064852. ISSN 0038-0237. S2CID 157399186.
  3. ^ a b Ellis, Emma (January 14, 2017). "Fake Think Tanks Fuel Fake News". Wired. Retrieved March 13, 2018.
  4. ^ Corbett, Erin (25 May 2019). "Who Is Julie Kirchner? Anti-Immigration Activist May Head Immigration". Fortune. Archived from the original on 25 May 2019. Retrieved 2019-07-19.
  5. ^ a b "Anti-immigrant leader Dr. John Tanton of Michigan dies at 85". Detroit Free Press. Retrieved 2019-07-18.
  6. ^ "The Social Contract Publishes its Last Tract". Southern Poverty Law Center. 23 April 2020.
  7. ^ Gonzalez, Josue M. (5 June 2008). Encyclopedia of Bilingual Education. SAGE Publications. ISBN 9781452265964. Retrieved 1 March 2019 – via Google Books.
  8. ^ a b "John Tanton Papers 1960-2007: Biography". Bentley Historical Library. University of Michigan. Retrieved February 22, 2016.
  9. ^ "Sustainable Agriculture?" (PDF). The Social Contract Press.
  10. ^ a b c DeParle, Jason (April 17, 2011). "The Anti-Immigration Crusader". The New York Times. Retrieved February 22, 2016.
  11. ^ a b c d Schudel, Matt (July 21, 2019). "John Tanton, architect of anti-immigration and English-only efforts, dies at 85". The Washington Post. Retrieved 3 February 2023.
  12. ^ Pear, Robert (2007-07-15). "Little-Known Group Claims a Win on Immigration". New York Times. Retrieved 2008-08-22. Numbers USA is one of many organizations fostered by John H. Tanton, an ophthalmologist from Michigan who has also championed efforts to protect the environment, limit population growth and promote English as an official language.
  13. ^ "John Tanton's Network". Intelligence Report. Southern Poverty Law Center. Summer 2002. Retrieved 2017-08-30.
  14. ^ a b c Díez, Beatriz (2019-12-03). "'English Only': The movement to limit Spanish speaking in US". BBC News. Retrieved 2022-03-13.
  15. ^ a b Hayes, Christopher (2006-04-24). "Keeping America Empty – In These Times". In These Times. Archived from the original on 2012-07-28. Retrieved February 3, 2023.
  16. ^ Portes, Alejandro (Spring 2002). "English-only triumphs, but the costs are high". Contexts. 1: 10–15. doi:10.1525/ctx.2002.1.1.10. S2CID 62565233. Retrieved 3 February 2023.
  17. ^ Sherman, Amy (March 22, 2017). "Is the Center for Immigration Studies a 'hate group' ?". PolitiFact Florida. Retrieved April 6, 2018.
  18. ^ "The organized anti-immigration 'movement,' increasingly in bed with racist hate groups, is dominated by one man, John Tanton". Intelligence Report. Southern Poverty Law Center. Summer 2002. Retrieved 2017-08-30.
  19. ^ "The Puppeteer". Hate in the News. Tolerance.org. June 18, 2002. Archived from the original on 10 August 2002.
  20. ^ "The Network". Hate in the News. Tolerance.org. June 18, 2002. Archived from the original on 26 December 2002.
  21. ^ "The Social Contract Journal". Social Contract Press.
  22. ^ Lutton, Wayne; Tanton, John (1994). The Immigrant Invasion. Petoskey: Social Contract Press. ISBN 1881780015. OCLC 476592586.
  23. ^ Santana, Maria (12 April 2017). "Hard-line anti-illegal immigration advocates hired at 2 federal agencies". CNN.com. Retrieved 2017-04-12.
  24. ^ a b "Ties Between Anti-Immigrant Movement and Eugenics". Anti-Defamation League. Retrieved 2017-04-12.
  25. ^ Master, Cyra (2017-04-12). "DHS hires incense immigration supporters". TheHill. Retrieved 2017-04-13.
  26. ^ a b Deparle, Jason (2011-04-17). "The Anti-Immigration Crusader". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2017-04-12.
  27. ^ a b Kuang, Brian (September 18, 2018). "John Tanton, the nativist next door". The Michigan Daily. Retrieved 3 February 2023.
  28. ^ "'WITAN Memo' III: Addressed to attendees of Tanton's exclusive retreats, where colleagues met to discuss the future of immigration, this memo is the most explicit, discussing Latinos and others in derogatory terms". The Intelligence Report. Southern Poverty Law Center. 2015. Retrieved 3 February 2023.
  29. ^ Chavez, Linda (August 9, 2019). "When Humans Are Seen As Pollutants". The Bulwark. Retrieved August 9, 2019.
  30. ^ a b Potok, Mark, Intelligence Report, Spring 2004, pp. 59–63.
  31. ^ Tanton, John (30 Oct 1988). "U.S. English – it's being victimized by the 'Big Lie'". Houston Chronicle. p. 5.
  32. ^ "Pioneer Fund Grants, Part VI". Institute for the Study of Academic Racism. Ferris State University. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2009-04-05.
  33. ^ "Response to the Southern Poverty Law Center". Federation for American Immigration Reform. Archived from the original on 2012-02-17.
  34. ^ "Federation for American Immigration Reform". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved 4 December 2018.
  35. ^ "The Social Contract Press". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved 4 December 2018.
  36. ^ "Anti-Immigration Groups". Intelligence Report. Southern Poverty Law Center (101). Spring 2001. Retrieved December 4, 2018.
  37. ^ "John Tanton". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved 2017-08-30.
  38. ^ a b Beirich, Heidi (February 26, 2009). "SPLC: The Nativist Lobby: Three Faces of Intolerance" (PDF). Intelligence Report. Southern Poverty Law Center. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 October 2014. Retrieved 29 April 2017.
  39. ^ a b "John Tanton's files". Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan.
  40. ^ "The Social Contract Journal", Volume 20, Number 3 (Spring 2010) Issue theme: "The Southern Poverty Law Center – A Special Report". cf. https://www.thesocialcontract.com/artman2/publish/tsc_20_3/tsc_20_3_tanton.shtml
  41. ^ Bulkeley, Deborah (2006-02-25). "Foe of immigrant tuition denies supremacist links". Deseret News. pp. B.01. ISSN 0745-4724.
  42. ^ "Mary Lou Tanton". Michigan 4-H Foundation.
  43. ^ Slagter, Martin (18 July 2019). "Michigan founder of anti-immigration movement John Tanton dead at 85". mlive.com. Retrieved 2019-07-18.

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