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((Short description|Password cracking software tool))
((more citations needed|date=June 2014|find2="John the Ripper" cracker))

((Infobox software
| name = John the Ripper
| logo =
| screenshot = [[File:John_the_Ripper_example-quick.png|450px]]
| caption = Running john with a password list on a [[shadow file]]
| author =
| developer = [[Openwall Project|OpenWall]]
| released = 1996 <ref>((Cite web |url=https://www.openwall.com/lists/john-users/2015/09/10/4 |title=john-users - Re: When was John created?))</ref>
| latest release version = 1.9.0 <ref name="rel-1.9.0">((Cite web|url=https://www.openwall.com/lists/announce/2019/05/14/1|title = Announce - &#91;openwall-announce&#93; John the Ripper 1.9.0-jumbo-1))</ref>
| latest release date = ((release date|2019|05|14))
| latest preview version = 
| latest preview date = 
| operating system = [[Cross-platform]]
| genre = [[Password cracking]]
| license = [[GNU General Public License]]<br />Proprietary (Pro version)
| website = ((Official URL))
))
'''John the Ripper''' is a [[free software|free]] [[password cracking]] software tool.<ref>((cite book| author=Anonymous| title=Maximum Linux Security| date=2001| isbn=0-672-32134-3| publisher=Sams Publishing| page=154| edition=2))</ref> Originally developed for the [[Unix operating system]], it can run on fifteen different platforms (eleven of which are architecture-specific versions of Unix, [[DOS]], [[Microsoft Windows|Win32]], [[BeOS]], and [[OpenVMS]]). It is among the most frequently used password testing and breaking programs<ref>((cite web| url=https://www.concise-courses.com/hacking-tools/password-crackers/john-the-ripper/| title=Password Crackers| publisher=Concise Cybersecurity| access-date=2016-12-03| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170404031459/https://www.concise-courses.com/hacking-tools/password-crackers/john-the-ripper/| archive-date=2017-04-04| url-status=dead))</ref> as it combines a number of password crackers into one package, [[Autodetection|autodetects]] password [[Hash function|hash]] types, and includes a customizable cracker. It can be run against various [[encryption|encrypted]] password formats including several [[Crypt (Unix)|crypt]] password hash types most commonly found on various Unix versions (based on [[Data Encryption Standard|DES]], [[MD5]], or [[Blowfish (cipher)|Blowfish]]), [[Kerberos (protocol)|Kerberos]] [[Andrew File System|AFS]], and Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 [[LM hash]]. Additional modules have extended its ability to include [[MD4]]-based password hashes and passwords stored in [[Lightweight Directory Access Protocol|LDAP]], [[MySQL]], and others.<ref>((cite web| url=http://sectools.org/tool/john/| title=John the Ripper| publisher=sectools.org))</ref>

== Sample output ==
Here is a sample output in a [[Debian]] environment.

<syntaxhighlight lang="console">
$ cat pass.txt
user:AZl.zWwxIh15Q
$ john -w:password.lst pass.txt
Loaded 1 password hash (Traditional DES [24/32 4K])
example         (user)
guesses: 1  time: 0:00:00:00 100%  c/s: 752  trying: 12345 - pookie
</syntaxhighlight>

The first line is a command to expand the data stored in the file "<code>pass.txt</code>". The next line is the contents of the file, i.e. the user (<code>AZl</code>) and the hash associated with that user (<code>zWwxIh15Q</code>). The third line is the command for running John the Ripper utilizing the "<code>-w</code>" flag. "<code>password.lst</code>" is the name of a text file full of words the program will use against the hash, <code>pass.txt</code> makes another appearance as the file we want John to work on.

Then we see output from John working. Loaded 1 password hash &mdash; the one we saw with the "[[cat (Unix)|cat]]" command &mdash; and the type of hash John thinks it is (Traditional DES). We also see that the attempt required one guess at a time of 0 with a 100% guess rate.

== Attack types ==
One of the modes John can use is the [[dictionary attack]]. It takes text string samples (usually from a file, called a wordlist, containing words found in a [[dictionary]] or real passwords cracked before), encrypting it in the same format as the password being examined (including both the encryption algorithm and key), and comparing the output to the encrypted string. It can also perform a variety of alterations to the dictionary words and try these. Many of these alterations are also used in John's single attack mode, which modifies an associated plaintext (such as a username with an encrypted password) and checks the variations against the hashes.

John also offers a [[brute force attack|brute force]] mode. In this type of attack, the program goes through all the possible [[Plaintext|plaintexts]], hashing each one and then comparing it to the input [[Cryptographic hash function|hash]]. John uses character frequency tables to try plaintexts containing more frequently used characters first. This method is useful for cracking passwords that do not appear in dictionary wordlists, but it takes a long time to run.

== See also ==
((Portal|Free and open-source software))

*[[Brute-force search]] 
*[[Brute-force attack]]
*[[Crack (password software)]]

==References==
((Reflist))

==External links==
*((Official website))

((Password Cracking Software))

[[Category:Password cracking software]]
[[Category:Free security software]]
[[Category:Cross-platform software]]
[[Category:Cryptanalytic software]]
[[Category:Year of introduction missing]]
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