The Joint Artificial Intelligence Center (JAIC) (pronounced "jake")[1] was an American organization on exploring the usage of Artificial Intelligence (AI) (particularly Edge computing), Network of Networks and AI-enhanced communication for use in actual combat.[2][3][4][5] In February 2022, JAIC was integrated into the Chief Digital and Artificial Intelligence Office (CDAO).[6]
A subdivision of the United States Armed Forces, it was created in June 2018. The organization's stated objective was to "transform the US Department of Defense by accelerating the delivery and adoption of AI to achieve mission impact at scale. The goal is to use AI to solve large and complex problem sets that span multiple combat systems; then, ensure the combat Systems and Components have real-time access to ever-improving libraries of data sets and tools."[3]
Current proposals for JAIC include giving it the authority as a financial entity to acquire its own technology, and elevating its position to be under the Deputy Secretary of Defense.[11][12][13]
On 24 June 2021 the Department of Defense gathered reporters for an AI symposium in which it announced the launch of an "AI and data accelerator (ADA) initiative" in which, over the month of July, data teams would work directly with military personnel to provide a proof of concept in data-driven warfare and to observe the possible obstacles for such implementation.[14][15]
On 1 June 2022 JAIC, the Defense Digital Service, and the Office of Advancing Analytics were fully merged into a unified organization, the Chief Digital and Artificial Intelligence Officer (CDAO).[16] JAIC, DDS, and the other groups within CDAO will cease to be recognized as entities.[17][18]
Successor
Note: as more information becomes available, this section may be split off
The Chief Digital and Artificial Intelligence Office (CDAO)[19] or Chief Digital and Artificial Intelligence Officer [18][17] is Dr. Craig Martell.[20][21][22][23] USAF secretary Frank Kendall has signalled that the CDAO will have an approach to solving the DoD-wide Joint All-domain command and control (JADC2) problem: "Deputy Defense Secretary Kathleen Hicks has already asked Martell to take a leading role in the discussions about JADC2".[24][25] Martell's approach is bottom-up starting with each agency, working one-by-one, preserving what is important for each agency.[26][27] However connectivity between Nodes is currently the critical resource for JADC2.[28]
On 30 January 2023 the CDAO announced a series of global information dominance experiments (GIDEs).[29][a]
GIDE 5 is being held 30 January — 3 February 2023 (Monday—Thursday) at the Pentagon, and at multiple combatant commands (and therefore across the global information grid for JADC2). The experiment is twofold: 1) "to identify where we may have barriers in policy, security, connectivity, user-interface, or other areas that prohibit data sharing across the Joint force"; and 2) "to show how data, analytics, and AI can improve Joint workflows in a variety of missions from global integrated deterrence through targeting and fires".[29]
US Air Force Secretary Frank Kendall notes that AI tools to aid decision-making will likely find application.[34] However the US will apply ethical constraints.[34]
Technology
AI-powered surveillance
The USAF has expressed interest in AI-based surveillance for operations based in CENTCOM.[35] Interest in these operations has grown from $600 million to $2.5 billion, from 2016 to 2021.[35]
Neuromorphic computing
JAIC's primary area of interest is edge computing, as even more sensor technologies are being added to weapon systems and military vehicles. The edge processors that will be used are neuromorphic processors that will perform neural network computations on the sensor itself without having to send the data to a central processor, thus increasing the robustness of the combat network.[5] JAIC plans to access the U.S. commercial sector and academia to recruit professionals in the fields of neuromorphic technology and AI safety.[36][37][38][39]See § data fabric
Network of networks
Joint All-Domain Command and Control (JADC2) is an initiative of the military's network of networks, as each branch of the US Armed Forces (Army, Air Force, Navy, Marines and Coast Guard) intends to have its own communications network. The JADC2 project would integrate all those networks into a larger network on all spatial scales. ′Connect every sensor, every shooter′, being the tagline.[b]
JADC2 confers on the US the capability to "move data globally at scale".[52] —Gen. Chance Saltzman, US Space Force
Joint Common Foundation
"The DoD’s Cloud-Based AI Development and Experimentation Platform"[53]
^ Four Global Information Dominance Experiments (GIDEs) were held from 2020 to 2021.[30][31]
^JADC2 has to connect the military services: "When you go to war, four DoD defense agencies — National Geospatial Intelligence Agency (NGA), Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA), Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA), and National Security Agency (NSA) — become Combat Support Agencies. They are part of the warfighting mechanism, so you need to include all the capabilities they bring to bear."— Scott Stapp [40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51]
^DoD (17 Mar 2022) DoD Announces Release of JADC2 Implementation Plan: " ' °sense, °make sense, and °act' on information across the battle-space quickly using automation, artificial intelligence (AI), predictive analytics, and machine learning to deliver informed solutions via a resilient and robust network environment ".—Dr. Kathleen Hicks, Deputy Secretary of Defense (DSD)
^Colin Demarest (17 Nov 2022) How the Pentagon knows when JADC2 innovations are working by introducing benchmarks: "The benchmarks include data on how technologies speed or slow decision making, how many errors are introduced, the variance among available options and potential weak spots or pitfalls" —Jeffery Valenzia.
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![John N.T. Shanahan[54]](/en/File:Lt._Gen._John_N._T._Shanahan.jpg)
![Nand Mulchandani[55]](/en/File:Nand_Mulchandani.jpg)
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