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((short description|American jazz lyricist and singer (1921–2017)))

((about|the jazz musician|other people with similar names|John Hendricks (disambiguation)))
((Use mdy dates|date=December 2019))
((Infobox musical artist
| name             = Jon Hendricks
| image            = Jon_Hendricks_0157.jpg
| caption          = Hendricks in 2008
| background       = solo_singer
| birth_name       = John Carl Hendricks
| birth_date       = ((Birth date|1921|9|16))
| birth_place      = [[Newark, Ohio]], U.S.
| death_date       = ((death date and age|2017|11|22|1921|9|16))
| death_place      = New York City, U.S.
| genre            = [[Jazz]]
| occupation       = Singer, lyricist
| years_active     = 1957–2017
| associated_acts  = [[Lambert, Hendricks & Ross]]
))

'''John Carl Hendricks''' (September 16, 1921 – November 22, 2017), known professionally as '''Jon Hendricks''', was an American [[jazz]] lyricist and singer. He is one of the originators of [[vocalese]], which adds lyrics to existing instrumental songs and replaces many instruments with vocalists, such as the big-band arrangements of [[Duke Ellington]] and [[Count Basie]]. He is considered one of the best practitioners of [[scat singing]], which involves vocal jazz soloing. Jazz critic and historian [[Leonard Feather]] called him the "Poet Laureate of Jazz", while ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' dubbed him the "[[James Joyce]] of Jive". [[Al Jarreau]] called him "pound-for-pound the best jazz singer on the planet—maybe that's ever been".<ref>''Artist Confidential'' interview with Al Jarreau. XM Radio, 2007.</ref>

==Early years==
((more citations needed|section|date=November 2017))
Born in 1921 in [[Newark, Ohio]], Hendricks and his 14 siblings moved many times, following their father's assignments as an [[African Methodist Episcopal Church|AME]] pastor, before settling permanently in [[Toledo, Ohio|Toledo]]. The house was often full of visiting jazz musicians, for whom Jon's mother provided meals.<ref name=":0">((Cite book|last=Jones|first=Peter|title=This is Bop: Jon Hendricks and the Art of Vocal Jazz|publisher=Equinox Publishing|year=2020|isbn=978-1-78179-874-4|pages=96–98))</ref>

Hendricks began his singing career at the age of seven. He has said: "By the time I was 10, I was a local celebrity in Toledo. I had offers to go with [[Fats Waller]] when I was 12, and offers to go with [[Ted Lewis (musician)|Ted Lewis]] and be his shadow when I was 13. He had that song '[[Me and My Shadow]]'. And he had this little Negro boy who was his shadow, that did everything he did. That was his act."<ref>Peter B. King, [http://www.peterbking.com/portfolio/articles/hendricks.php "Jon Hendricks still treasure of jazz world"] ((Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120905215740/http://www.peterbking.com/portfolio/articles/hendricks.php|date=September 5, 2012 )), ''Pittsburgh Post-Gazette'', April 12, 1994. Retrieved February 1, 2012.</ref> The Tatum family lived on the same street as the Hendrickses. Jon Hendricks received his early musical training from piano prodigy [[Art Tatum]], and the two of them began appearing together around town.

As a teenager, Jon made good money from singing on the radio with a harmony group, The Swing Buddies. This earned him enough money to support his entire family. He continued performing around Toledo and Detroit until he was drafted into the US Army.<ref name=":0" />

==World War II==
As a soldier during [[World War II]], Hendricks took part in the [[Normandy landings|D-Day landings]] of June, 1944, and was later attached to the quartermaster's headquarters in France. When he and some black fellow soldiers were shot at by white US military police for consorting with white French women, they went on the run with truckloads of army supplies, remaining at large until eventually recaptured and court-martialled in November 1945. By then the war was over, and Hendricks served only 11 months in the stockade before returning home to attend [[University of Toledo]] on the [[G.I. Bill]] as a pre-law major.<ref name=":0" /> Just when he was about to enter the graduate law program, the G.I. benefits ran out. Jon met his first wife Colleen "Connie" Moore in Toledo. They were married and eventually had 4 children.<ref name=":0" /> One night in 1950, Hendricks got up and scatted at a [[Charlie Parker]] gig in Toledo. Parker encouraged him to come to New York and look him up. Hendricks moved his family there two years later and resumed his singing career.

==Lambert, Hendricks and Ross==
((more citations needed|section|date=November 2017))
[[File:Jon Hendricks KK.jpg|thumb|Hendricks at the [[Keystone Korner]] in San Francisco, 1983]]
After several years during which he wrote several songs for [[Louis Jordan]] and recorded with [[King Pleasure]], he teamed up with [[Dave Lambert (American jazz vocalist)|Dave Lambert]], who conceived the idea to record a selection of [[Count Basie]]'s instrumental numbers with voices replacing the Basie orchestra's wind instruments. Jon wrote the lyrics, and they sold the idea to [[Creed Taylor]], who had recently started working as an [[Artists and repertoire|A&R]] man for ABC-Paramount Ampar. After a disastrous initial attempt to record the songs with a choir, they decided to [[Multitrack recording|multi-track]] their own voices, with [[Annie Ross]] providing the high notes. It was not the first time the technique of overdubbing had been used, but it was an early and innovative example. The result was a best-selling album, ''[[Sing a Song of Basie]].'' Its success prompted them to form the legendary vocal trio [[Lambert, Hendricks & Ross]] (LH&R). With Hendricks as lyricist and Lambert as arranger, the trio perfected the art of [[vocalese]] and took it around the world, earning them numerous awards and accolades. In September 1959, they appeared on the cover of [[DownBeat|Down Beat]] under the headline "[[The Hottest New Group in Jazz]]", which they adopted as the title of their [[Grammy Award|Grammy]]-nominated fourth album.

Hendricks typically wrote lyrics not just to melodies but to entire instrumental solos, a notable example being his take on [[Ben Webster]]'s tenor saxophone solo on [[Duke Ellington]]'s original recording of "[[Cotton Tail]]", as featured on the album ''Lambert, Hendricks and Ross Sing Ellington'' (1960). His lyrics to [[Benny Golson]]'s "[[I Remember Clifford (song)|I Remember Clifford]]" have been recorded by several other vocalists, including [[Dinah Washington]], [[Carmen McRae]], [[Nancy Wilson (jazz singer)|Nancy Wilson]], [[Ray Charles]], [[The Manhattan Transfer]] and [[Helen Merrill]].<ref>((Cite web|title=I Remember Clifford|url=https://secondhandsongs.com/work/125203/versions#nav-entity|access-date=February 24, 2021|website=Secondhand Songs))</ref>

From 1957 through 1962, the trio recorded six albums, including ''High Flying'' (1961), which won a Grammy for Best Performance by a Vocal Group, before Annie Ross departed due to health problems. She was replaced by [[Yolande Bavan]], and the group was billed as Lambert, Hendricks and Bavan for the three live albums they recorded, 1962–64.

Countless singers cite the work of LH&R as an influence, including [[Joni Mitchell]],<ref>((cite web|url=https://jonimitchell.com/library/view.cfm?id=95|title=Joni Mitchell Makes Mingus Sing|date=September 6, 1979|work=Down Beat|access-date=November 3, 2019))</ref> [[Van Morrison]], Al Jarreau and [[Bobby McFerrin]]. The song "[[Yeh Yeh]]", for which Hendricks composed the lyrics, became a no.1 hit in 1965 for British R&B-jazz singer [[Georgie Fame]], who continues to record and perform Lambert, Hendricks & Ross compositions to this day. In 1966 Hendricks recorded "Fire in the City" with the Warlocks, who shortly after changed their name to the [[Grateful Dead]].<ref>((cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/gd1966-12-05.sbd.kimbro.23064.sbeok.shnf|title=Grateful Dead Live at Studio on 5 December 1966|last=Grateful Dead|date=December 5, 1966|access-date=November 23, 2017|via=Internet Archive))</ref> Hendricks wrote lyrics for several [[Thelonious Monk]] songs, including "[[In Walked Bud]]", which he performed on Monk's 1968 album ''[[Underground (Thelonious Monk album)|Underground]]''.<ref>((Cite web|title=Underground|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/underground-mw0000649656|access-date=February 25, 2021|website=AllMusic))</ref>

For a performance at the 1960 [[Monterey Jazz Festival]], he created and starred in a musical he called ''Evolution of the Blues Song'' (later shortened to ''Evolution of the Blues''), which featured such acclaimed singers as [[Jimmy Witherspoon]], Hannah Dean, and [[Big Miller|"Big" Miller]], as well as saxophonists [[Ben Webster]] and [[Pony Poindexter]].<ref name=":0" /> The ensemble played not only Hendricks' words and music but also [[Percy Mayfield]]'s classic "[[Please Send Me Someone to Love]]", the driving D. Love gospel song "That's Enough", and the blues evergreen, "[[C.C. Rider]]". In 1961, Columbia Records released an LP of the production and Hendricks later presented the show at the On Broadway Theater in San Francisco, where it ran for five years, and at the Westwood Playhouse in Los Angeles, where it was produced by attorneys Burton Marks and Mark Green.<ref name=":0" />

==Solo==
[[Image:Jon Hendricks.jpg|thumb|left|300px|Jon Hendricks at Birdland]]
Hendricks recorded two albums in 1961 – ''[[¡Salud! João Gilberto, Originator of the Bossa Nova|Salud! João Gilberto]]'' (Reprise) and ''Fast Livin' Blues'' (Columbia). Having divorced Colleen and married Judith Dickstein, Hendricks moved to [[Mill Valley, California|Mill Valley]], California, reuniting with his children, who had been farmed out to relatives since the divorce. There he recorded ''Recorded in Person at the Trident'' (Smash). Later that year he was invited by Duke Ellington to take part in the latter's [[Sacred Concert (Ellington)|Concert of Sacred Music]] at San Francisco's [[Grace Cathedral, San Francisco|Grace Cathedral]]. In 1968, he moved the family again, this time to London, England, partly so that his four children could receive a better education, and partly to distance them from the pervasive Californian drug culture.<ref name=":0" /> Using London as his base, he toured Europe and Africa, performed frequently on British radio and television with such stars of the day as [[Lulu (singer)|Lulu]] and [[Dusty Springfield]], as well as [[Ronnie Scott]] and the comedian [[Marty Feldman]]. His sold-out club dates at [[Ronnie Scott's Jazz Club|Ronnie Scott's]] drew fans such as the [[Rolling Stones]] and the [[Beatles]]. Hendricks also recorded two albums in London – ''Jon Hendricks Live'' (Fontana) and ''Times of Love'' (Philips), which was released in the US as ''September Songs'' (Stanyan, 1975). After five years, the Hendricks family returned to Mill Valley, where Hendricks worked as the jazz critic for the ''[[San Francisco Chronicle]]'' and taught classes at [[California State University]] at [[Sonoma, California|Sonoma]] and the [[University of California]] at [[University of California, Berkeley|Berkeley]]. In 1973 he recorded two songs with [[The Jazz Messengers|Art Blakey and the Jazz Messengers]] – [[Bobby Timmons]]'s "[[Moanin' (song)|Moanin']]" and [[Benny Golson]]'s "Along Came Betty" which appeared on Blakey's ''[[Buhaina]]'' album.

His album ''Tell Me the Truth'' (Arista, 1975) was produced by [[Ben Sidran]]. ''Love'' (Muse, 1982) by Jon Hendricks & Company came next, and featured his daughter Michele. He collaborated with old friends [[The Manhattan Transfer]] for their seminal 1985 album, ''[[Vocalese (album)|Vocalese]]'', which won seven [[Grammy]] Awards. He served on the [[Kennedy Center]] Honors committee under presidents [[Jimmy Carter|Carter]], [[Ronald Reagan|Reagan]], and [[Bill Clinton|Clinton]]. His final studio album, the [[Grammy Award|Grammy]]-nominated ''Freddie Freeloader'', was released in 1990, and featured an all-star line-up that included [[George Benson]], Al Jarreau, Bobby McFerrin, [[Tommy Flanagan]], [[Jimmy Cobb]], [[Larry Goldings]], [[Wynton Marsalis]], [[Stanley Turrentine]], [[Al Grey]], The Manhattan Transfer and the Count Basie Orchestra.

In 2000 Hendricks returned to his home town to teach at the [[University of Toledo]], where he was appointed Distinguished Professor of Jazz Studies and received an honorary Doctorate of the Performing Arts. He was selected to be the first American jazz artist to lecture at the [[University of Paris|Sorbonne]] in Paris. His 15-voice group, the Jon Hendricks Vocalstra at the University of Toledo, performed at the Sorbonne in 2002. Hendricks also wrote lyrics to some classical pieces including "On the Trail" from [[Ferde Grofe]]'s ''[[Grand Canyon Suite]]''. The Vocalstra premiered a vocalese version of [[Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov|Rimsky-Korsakov]]'s "[[Scheherazade (Rimsky-Korsakov)|Scheherazade]]" with the [[Toledo Symphony]].

In the summer of 2003 Hendricks went on tour with the "Four Brothers", a quartet consisting of Hendricks, [[Kurt Elling]], [[Mark Murphy (singer)|Mark Murphy]] and [[Kevin Mahogany]]. He worked on setting words to and arranging [[Piano Concerto No. 2 (Rachmaninoff)|Rachmaninoff's second piano concerto]] as well as on two books, teaching and touring with his Vocalstra. He wrote lyrics to [[Three Preludes (Gershwin)|Gershwin's Piano Prelude No. 1]] for the a cappella ensemble Pieces of 8's 2004 album ''Across the Blue Meridian''.<ref>((cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/across-the-blue-meridian-mw0000387362|title=Across the Blue Meridian – Pieces of Eight|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=November 24, 2017))</ref> He appeared in cameo roles in the films ''[[People I Know]]'' (2002) and ''[[White Men Can't Jump]]'' (1992).

In 2012, Hendricks appeared in the documentary film ''[[No One But Me]]'', discussing his former bandmate and friend, [[Annie Ross]].<ref>[http://www.noonebutme.co.uk/the-contributors/jon-hendricks/ The contributors] ((Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140320233249/http://www.noonebutme.co.uk/the-contributors/jon-hendricks/ |date=March 20, 2014 )), ''No One But Me''.</ref> In 2015, Hendricks lost his second wife Judith to a brain tumor.

Hendricks also appeared on three tracks from the 2016 release of the [[JC Hopkins]] Biggish Band titled "Meet Me at Minton's". He performs vocalese on "Suddenly (In Walked Bud)", is included in the ensemble on the album's title track "Meet Me at Minton's", and croons a duet of the Monk tune "How I Wish (Ask Me Now)" with singer and 2016 Thelonious Monk Competition winner [[Jazzmeia Horn]]. At the time of the recording he was 93 and Horn was 23.<ref>((cite web|url=https://www.allaboutjazz.com/meet-me-at-mintons-jc-hopkins-biggish-band-harlem-jazz-records-review-by-james-nadal.php?width=375|title=JC Hopkins Biggish Band: Meet Me At Minton's|first=All About|last=Jazz|website=All About Jazz|date=June 17, 2017 |access-date=November 23, 2017))</ref>

In 2017, Hendricks' full lyricization of the album ''[[Miles Ahead (album)|Miles Ahead]]'', including [[Miles Davis]]' solos and [[Gil Evans]]' orchestrations, was completed fifty years after he had first conceived the idea. It was premiered in New York by UK-based choir the London Vocal Project, with Hendricks in attendance, with a studio recording to follow.<ref>[http://downbeat.com/news/detail/hendricks-vocalese-miles-ahead-set-for-world-premiere-in-nyc "After 50 Years, Hendricks' 'Miles Ahead' Remake Set for NYC Premiere"], ''Down Beat'', February 7, 2017/</ref><ref>[http://www.londonvocalproject.com/milesahead "Jon Hendricks' Miles Ahead"], London Vocal Project.</ref>

==Death==
Hendricks died on November 22, 2017, in Manhattan, New York City, aged 96.<ref>((cite news|last1=Keepnews|first1=Peter|title=Jon Hendricks, 96, Who Brought a New Dimension to Jazz Singing, Dies|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/22/obituaries/jon-hendricks-96-who-brought-a-new-dimension-to-jazz-singing-dies.html|access-date=November 22, 2017|work=The New York Times|date=November 22, 2017))</ref>

==Awards and honors==
Hendricks was recognized with an [[NEA Jazz Masters|NEA Jazz Master]] award in 1993,<ref>((cite web|url=https://www.arts.gov/honors/jazz/jon-hendricks|title=NEA Jazz Masters: Jon Hendricks|publisher=[[National Endowment for the Arts]]|access-date=November 27, 2017))</ref> multiple [[Grammy Awards]],<ref>((cite web|url=https://www.grammy.com/grammys/artists/lambert-hendricks-and-ross|title=Lambert Hendricks And Ross|publisher=The Recording Academy|access-date=November 27, 2017))</ref><ref>((cite web|url=https://www.grammy.com/grammys/artists/jon-hendricks|title=Jon Hendricks|publisher=The Recording Academy|access-date=November 27, 2017))</ref> and in 2004, he was honored in France with the [[Legion of Honour]].

== Discography ==
===As leader===
* ''[[A Good Git-Together]]'' (World Pacific, 1959)
* ''Evolution of the Blues Song'' (Columbia, 1960)
* ''Live Recording at Birdland'' with Count Basie (Roulette, 1961)
* ''Fast Livin' Blues'' (Columbia, 1962)
* ''[[¡Salud! João Gilberto, Originator of the Bossa Nova]]'' (Reprise, 1963)
* ''Recorded in Person at the Trident'' (Smash, 1965)
* ''Jon Hendricks Live'' (Fontana, 1970)
* ''Times of Love'' (Philips, 1972)
* ''Tell Me the Truth'' (Arista, 1975)
* ''Cloudburst'' (Enja, 1982)
* ''Love'' (Muse, 1982)
* ''[[Freddie Freeloader (album)|Freddie Freeloader]]'' ([[Denon Records|Denon]], 1990)
* ''Boppin' at the Blue Note'' (Telarc, 1995)

'''With [[Lambert, Hendricks and Ross]]'''
* ''[[Sing a Song of Basie]]'' (ABC-Paramount, 1958)
* ''[[Sing Along with Basie]]'' (Roulette, 1958)
* ''The Swingers!'' (World Pacific, 1959)
* ''[[The Hottest New Group in Jazz]]'' (Columbia, 1959)
* ''Sing Ellington'' (Columbia, 1960)
* ''High Flying'' (Columbia, 1961)
* ''[[The Real Ambassadors]]'' (Columbia Masterworks, 1962)
* ''Basie Live in Person'' (Natural Organic, 1979)
* ''Everybody's Boppin'' (Columbia, 1989)

'''With Lambert, Hendricks and Bavan'''
* ''At Newport '63'' (RCA Victor, 1963)
* ''Recorded Live at Basin Street East'' (RCA Victor, 1963)
* ''[[Havin' a Ball at the Village Gate]]'' (RCA Victor, 1964)
* ''Swingin' Till the Girls Come Home'' (Bluebird, 1987)

===As guest===
*[[Avishai Cohen (trumpeter)#3 Cohens|3 Cohens]], ''Family'' ([[Anzic Records|Anzic]], 2011)<ref>((cite web| last=Astarita| first=Glenn| title=3 Cohens: Family (2011)| work=All About Jazz| date=January 4, 2012| url=http://www.allaboutjazz.com/php/article.php?id=41121| access-date=October 1, 2013))</ref>
* [[Karrin Allyson]], ''Footprints'' (Concord Jazz, 2006)
* [[Art Blakey]], ''[[Buhaina]]'' (Prestige, 1973)
* [[Terence Blanchard]], ''People I Know'' (Decca, 2003)
* [[Dave Brubeck]], ''[[Young Lions & Old Tigers]]'' (Telarc, 1995)
* [[Benny Carter]], ''[[Benny Carter Songbook]]'' (Musicmasters, 1997)
* Benny Carter, ''[[Benny Carter Songbook Volume II]]'' (MusicMasters, 1997)
* [[Neil Diamond]], ''In My Lifetime'' (Columbia, 1996)
* [[Kurt Elling]], ''[[Live in Chicago (Kurt Elling album)|Live in Chicago]]'' (Blue Note, 1999)
* [[Georgie Fame]], ''Cool Cat Blues'' (Go Jazz, 1991)
* [[Al Grey]], ''Al Grey Fab'' (Capri, 1990)
* [[Joyce (singer)|Joyce]], ''Language and Love'' (Verve, 1991)
* [[King Pleasure]], ''King Pleasure Sings'' (Prestige, 1954)
* [[The Manhattan Transfer]], ''[[Mecca for Moderns]]'' (Atlantic, 1981)
* The Manhattan Transfer, ''[[Vocalese (album)|Vocalese]]'' (Atlantic, 1985)
* [[Ellis Marsalis Jr.]], ''Ellis Marsalis Trio'' (Blue Note, 1991)
* [[Wynton Marsalis]], ''[[Crescent City Christmas Card]]'' (Columbia, 1989)
* Wynton Marsalis, ''[[Blood on the Fields]]'' (Columbia, 1997)
* [[Bobby McFerrin]], ''[[Spontaneous Inventions]]'' (Blue Note, 1986)
* [[Thelonious Monk]], ''[[Underground (Thelonious Monk album)|Underground]]'' (Columbia, 1968)
*[[Jimmy Rowles]] and [[Stan Getz]], ''[[The Peacocks (album)|The Peacocks]]'' (Columbia, 1975)
*[[George Russell (composer)|George Russell]], ''[[New York, N.Y. (album)|New York, N.Y.]]'' (Decca, 1959)
* [[Janis Siegel]], ''Experiment in White'' (Atlantic, 1982)
* [[Take 6]], ''[[The Standard (Take 6 album)|The Standard]]'' (Heads Up, 2008)
* [[Larry Vuckovich]], ''Cast Your Fate'' (Palo Alto, 1984)
* Royal Bopsters – ''The Royal Bopsters Project'' (Motema, 2015)

==Filmography==
*''[[Music in Monk Time]]'', a documentary tribute to [[Thelonious Monk]], Hendricks served as co-writer, performer and narrator (1983, production by Songfilms International, Inc.)<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt14160216/|title=Music in Monk Time (TV Special 1985)|website=IMDb.com|access-date=September 10, 2021))</ref>
*''[[The Steve Allen Show|The Steve Allen Plymouth Show]]'' Episode #4.11 (1958): Lambert, Hendricks & Ross<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0864212/ ''The Steve Allen Plymouth Show'' Episode #4.11, 1958-November-23 (Lambert, Hendricks & Ross)], IMDb.</ref>
*''[[NET Playhouse]]'' Duke Ellington – A Concert of Sacred Music (1967): Jon Hendricks<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2174656/ ''NET Playhouse'' Season 1 Episode 34, 1967-June-16 (Jon Hendricks)], IMDb.</ref>
*''Jazz Is Our Religion'' (1972)<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0376735/ Jon Hendricks Filmography], IMDb.</ref>
*''[[White Men Can't Jump]]'' (1992): one of the Venice Beach Boys<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0105812/fullcredits?ref_=tt_cl_sm#cast ''White Men Can't Jump'' 1992-March-27 (Jon Hendricks)], IMDb.</ref>
*''Foreign Student'' (1994): April's Father<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0109828/ ''Foreign Student'' 1994-July-29 (Jon Hendricks)], IMDb.</ref>
*''Jon Hendricks, Tell Me The Truth'', a documentary about the artist, directed by Audrey Lasbleiz (2008, production Mosaïque Films, Paris).
*''Blues March: Soldier Jon Hendricks'', a documentary about the artist fighting on two fronts in World War II by Malte Rauchof ( Strandfilm Productions (2009)

==References==
((Reflist|30em))

== External links ==
((Commons category))
*((AllMusic |class=artist |id=jon-hendricks-mn0000212200))
*((Discogs artist|253478-Jon-Hendricks))
*((IMDb name|0376735))
*[https://www.pbs.org/weta/onstage/twain2002/bios/hendricks.html On Stage at the Kennedy Center: The Mark Twain Prize 2002 – Behind the Curtain – Jon Hendricks] from [[PBS]]
((Lambert, Hendricks & Ross|state=autocollapse)) 
((Jon Hendricks))
((Authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Hendricks, Jon))
[[Category:1921 births]]
[[Category:2017 deaths]]
[[Category:American jazz singers]]
[[Category:American jazz songwriters]]
[[Category:American male songwriters]]
[[Category:American male jazz musicians]]
[[Category:American lyricists]]
[[Category:Grammy Award winners]]
[[Category:People from Newark, Ohio]]
[[Category:University of Toledo alumni]]
[[Category:University of Toledo faculty]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of Paris]]
[[Category:Vocalese singers]]
[[Category:Songwriters from Ohio]]
[[Category:Jazz musicians from Ohio]]
[[Category:Lambert, Hendricks & Ross members]]
[[Category:United States Army personnel of World War II]]
[[Category:American expatriates in France]]

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