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((Multiple issues|
((More footnotes needed|date=December 2015))
((More citations needed|date=December 2015))
))
((Infobox person
| name               = Jonathan Corwin
| image              = Jonathan Corwin Portrait.jpg
| birth_date         = November 14, 1640
| birth_place        = Salem, Massachusetts
| death_date         = June 9, 1718 (aged 77)
| occupation         = Merchant, politician, magistrate
| spouse             = Elizabeth Gibbs
| children           = 10
| parents            = George Corwin and Elizabeth Herbert
))

'''Jonathan Corwin''' (also '''Curwin''' or '''Corwen''', November 14, 1640&nbsp;– June 9, 1718) was a New England [[merchant]], politician, and magistrate.  He is best known as one of the judges involved in the [[Salem witch trials]] of 1692, although his later work also included service as an associate justice of the [[Massachusetts Superior Court of Judicature]], the highest court of the [[Province of Massachusetts Bay]].

==Life==
((unreferenced section|date=October 2015))
Jonathan Corwin was born on November 14, 1640, in [[Salem, Massachusetts|Salem]], a leading port town of the [[Massachusetts Bay Colony]], one of five children born to George and Elizabeth (Herbert) Corwin. His father had arrived in Salem in 1638 and his mother was the daughter of [[Northampton]] mayor John Herbert. His father was a wealthy merchant and shipbuilder in Salem, and Jonathan continued in the mercantile trade. He married Elizabeth Gibbs (née Sheaf), widow of Robert Gibbs, in 1675 and had ten children.<ref>((Cite web |last=Brooks |first=Rebecca Beatrice |title=Jonathan Corwin: Salem Witch Judge |url=https://historyofmassachusetts.org/jonathan-corwin-salem-witch-judge/ |access-date=2022-06-12 |website=History of Massachusetts Blog |date=26 January 2016 |language=en-US))</ref>

Corwin was also involved in public affairs. He was twice elected to the colonial assembly, in 1682 and in 1689, and he was a stalwart supporter of the old regime when the [[Dominion of New England]] was established in 1686. He was also an active [[magistrate]] of the local courts, hearing cases dealing with petty crimes and minor charges such as drunkenness and burglary.

==Salem witch trials==
((main article|Salem witch trials))
((more citations needed section|date=December 2015))
When reports of [[witchcraft]] began circulating in [[Essex County, Massachusetts|Essex County]], Corwin was one of the magistrates called on to make preliminary inquiries into the reports.  He and [[John Hathorne]], another local magistrate, held hearings in early March 1692 in which testimony was gathered from [[Tituba]], [[Sarah Good]], and [[Sarah Osborne]], the first three women accused of being witches.<ref>((Cite book|title=A storm of witchcraft : the Salem trials and the American experience|last=Baker|first=Emerson W.|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2015|isbn=9780190627805|location=Oxford|pages=168–169|oclc=875404017))</ref> Due to the uncertain constitutionality of the Massachusetts government in 1692 (its charter was vacated in 1684, and it had reformed with the charter following the [[1689 Boston revolt]] that ended Dominion rule of Sir [[Edmund Andros]]), there was a reluctance among colonial leaders to establish courts to hear the cases until Sir [[William Phips]] arrived in May 1692 with the charter that established the [[Province of Massachusetts Bay]].((citation needed|date=December 2015))

By this time a significant number of people had been jailed on accusations of witchcraft in the Salem area. Phips, who was appointed governor of the province, as one of his early acts established a special court of [[Oyer and terminer|Court of Oyer and Terminer]] to hear the accumulated cases. Corwin was not initially assigned to the court, but when [[Nathaniel Saltonstall]] resigned in protest over the first hanging, Phips assigned Corwin to the panel.((citation needed|date=October 2015))

Corwin signed several arrest warrants and transcribed a few of the hearings but scarcity of records from the 1692 events makes it impossible to determine Corwin's overall role in the trials as well as his attitude toward the acceptance in court of [[spectral evidence]], the idea that actions seen in visions could be an indicator of witchcraft. The special court convicted nineteen of witchcraft and sentenced them to the gallows before it was disbanded in October 1692. The provincial court system was set up in January 1693, with the [[Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court|Superior Court of Judicature]], the province's high court, hearing the remaining witchcraft cases.((citation needed|date=December 2015))
[[File:The Witch House.jpg|thumb|"The Witch House". Former home of Jonathan Corwin. Only surviving structure in [[Salem, Massachusetts]] with direct ties to the [[Salem witch trials]]]]
Corwin's own mother-in-law, Margaret Sheaf Thacher (née Webb; born 1625, Boston, to Henry and Dorabell (née Smith) Webb — died February 23, 1694, Boston), was accused of witchcraft by her servant, Mercy Short.<ref>Mary Beth Norton's In the Devil's Snare (a theory Norton advances)</ref> Thacher held extensive holdings in Boston, including her home and acreage which was next to Governor [[William Phips]]' house. Several years after her first husband's death, she married the Reverend Thomas Thacher. From 1669 to his death in 1678, Thacher served as the founding minister of the Old South Church. Thacher, known as a woman of great piety, was never charged, but Short would spend some time behind bars after confessing to witchcraft herself.<ref>[http://www.legendsofamerica.com/ma-witches-t.html Margaret Thacher profile], legendsofamerica.com; accessed 2 October 2015.</ref>

==Later life==
((unreferenced section|date=October 2015))
Corwin was not initially appointed to the Superior Court; he was appointed to the [[Massachusetts Governor's Council|Governor's Council]] from 1692 to 1714, and served as a judge in the Court of Common Please for Essex County from 1692 to 1708. In that year he was nominated by Governor [[Joseph Dudley]] to be an associate justice of the Superior Court following the resignation of [[John Leverett the Younger|John Leverett]]; he would hold that post until his death in 1717.((citation needed|date=December 2015))

==Legacy==
[[Image:JonathanCorwin-house.jpg|thumb|right|The house of Jonathan Corwin]]
Corwin's son George (not to be confused with Corwin's nephew, High Sheriff [[George Corwin]]) went to [[Harvard College|Harvard]] and became [[minister (Christianity)|minister]] at the First Church in Salem. [[The Witch House|Corwin's house]] is the only remaining structure in Salem with direct ties to the Salem witch trials of 1692. It is now a museum that focuses on seventeenth-century furnishings, architecture, and lifestyle.<ref>[http://www.salemweb.com/witchhouse The Witch House website], salemweb.com; accessed December 27, 2015.</ref>

==Notes==
* Corwin, Edward Tanjore. [https://archive.org/details/corwingenealogy00corwgoog/page/n175 <!-- pg=131 --> ''Corwin Genealogy''], google.com; accessed October 2, 2015.<!-- ISSN/ISBN needed -->

==References==
((reflist))

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070409133118/http://www.crimelibrary.com/notorious_murders/not_guilty/salem_witches/4.html Salem Witch Magistrates]
* [http://www.salemwitchtrials.com/timeline.html Timeline of the Salem Witch Trials]

((s-start))
((s-legal))
((s-bef|before=[[John Leverett the Younger|John Leverett]]))
((s-ttl|title=Associate Justice of the [[Massachusetts Superior Court of Judicature]]|years=1708-1715))
((s-aft|after=[[Addington Davenport]]))
((s-end))
((Salem))
((Justices of the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court))

((Authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Corwin, Jonathan))
[[Category:1640 births]]
[[Category:1718 deaths]]
[[Category:Government officials in the Salem witch trials]]
[[Category:Justices of the Massachusetts Superior Court of Judicature]]

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