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((Short description|Austrian politician; Chancellor from 1964 to 1970))
((More citations needed|date=November 2022))
((Use dmy dates|date=March 2021))
((Infobox chancellor
| name                = Josef Klaus
| image               = Josef Klaus 1964.jpg
| caption             = Klaus in 1964
| office              = [[Chancellor of Austria]]
| term_start          = 2 April 1964
| term_end            = 21 April 1970
| president           = [[Adolf Schärf]]<br />[[Franz Jonas]]
| 1blankname          = ((nowrap|Vice-Chancellor))
| 1namedata           = [[Bruno Pittermann]]<br />[[Fritz Bock]]<br />Hermann Withalm
| predecessor         = [[Alfons Gorbach]]
| successor           = [[Bruno Kreisky]]
| office2             = [[Federal Ministry of Finance (Austria)|Minister of Finance]]
| term_start2         = 11 April 1961
| term_end2           = 27 March 1963
| chancellor2         = Alfons Gorbach
| predecessor2        = Eduard Heilingsetzer
| successor2          = Franz Korinek
| office3             = [[List of governors of Salzburg (state)|Governor of Salzburg]]
| term_start3         = 1 December 1949
| term_end3           = 17 April 1961
| predecessor3        = Josef Rehrl
| successor3          = Hans Lechner
| birth_date          = ((birth date|df=yes|1910|8|15))
| birth_place         = [[Kötschach-Mauthen]], [[Duchy of Carinthia|Carinthia]], [[Austria-Hungary]]
| death_date          = ((death date and age|df=yes|2001|7|25|1910|8|15))
| death_place         = [[Vienna]], [[Austria]]
| party               = [[Austrian People's Party|People's Party]]
| alma_mater          = [[University of Vienna]]
))
'''Josef Klaus''' (15 August 1910 – 25 July 2001) was an Austrian politician of the conservative [[Austrian People's Party|People's Party]] (ÖVP). He served as [[States of Austria|State]] Governor (''[[Landeshauptmann]]'') of [[Salzburg (state)|Salzburg]] from 1949 to 1961, as [[Ministry of Finance (Austria)|Minister of Finance]] from 1961 to 1963 and as [[Chancellor of Austria]] from 1964 to 1970.<ref>[https://www.parlament.gv.at/WWER/PAD_00810/index.shtml Josef Klaus]. parlament.gv.at</ref><ref>[https://austria-forum.org/af/AEIOU/Klaus%2C_Josef Josef Klaus]. austria-forum.org</ref>

==Biography==
Born in [[Kötschach-Mauthen]], [[Duchy of Carinthia|Carinthia]], the son of a master baker, Klaus attended the [[Roman Catholicism in Austria|Catholic]] [[Minor seminary|junior seminary]] in [[Klagenfurt]]. He studied law at the [[University of Vienna]], where he joined the ''[[Cartellverband]]'' of Catholic male student fraternities (''[[Studentenverbindung]]''). He obtained his [[Doctor of Law|doctorate]] in 1934 and worked in the legal department of the [[Austrian Chamber of Labour|Chamber of Labour]] which at that time was integrated into the [[Austrofascism|Austrofascist]] unitary trade union centres by the government of the [[Federal State of Austria]]. When the Chamber organisation finally was liquidated after the 1938 ''[[Anschluss]]'' annexation by [[Nazi Germany]], Klaus changed to the private sector.

In 1936, Klaus married Ernestine Seywald (2 April 1914 – 1 January 2001).<ref>((Cite web|url=http://agso.uni-graz.at/spannkreis/index.php?ref=biografien%2Fk%2Fklaus_erna|title=Reinhard Müller: Othmar Spann und der "Spannkreis"|access-date=11 February 2018|archive-date=12 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180212083345/http://agso.uni-graz.at/spannkreis/index.php?ref=biografien%2Fk%2Fklaus_erna|url-status=dead))</ref> During World War II he served in the German [[Wehrmacht]], temporarily as a staff member for General [[Heinz Guderian]], as well as in campaigns in Poland, France, Finland and Russia. He was captured in early 1945 and held in a POW camp. After the war he worked as a lawyer in [[Hallein]]; in 1948 he became chairman of the regional ÖVP section [[Hallein District]] and pursued his political career.

Klaus was elected governor of the Austrian state of Salzburg in 1949. Re-elected twice in 1954 and 1959, he rose to a leading member of the ÖVP. When his party colleague, Chancellor [[Julius Raab]], finally resigned in 1961, Klaus' influence as a representative of the "young reformers" grew. He became Minister of Finance under Raab's successor [[Alfons Gorbach]], whom he succeeded as ÖVP party chairman on 20 September 1963. When Gorbach resigned on 25 February 1964, Klaus also followed him as Chancellor.

In office from 2 April 1964, Klaus initially continued the [[grand coalition]] with the [[Social Democratic Party of Austria|Socialists]] under Vice-Chancellor [[Bruno Pittermann]] according to the ''[[Proporz]]'' system that had governed Austria since 1945. He led the ÖVP into the [[1966 Austrian legislative election|1966 legislative election]], during which he called for an end to the coalition. At that election, the ÖVP won a three-seat majority, theoretically leaving Klaus free to break off the coalition. However, reversing himself, Klaus proposed new coalition terms to Pittermann's successor as Socialist leader, [[Bruno Kreisky]]. Talks broke down when the Socialist rank and file balked at the proposed terms. <ref>[http://countrystudies.us/austria/50.htm Austria: a country study]. [[United States Government Publishing Office|Government Printing Office]] for the [[Library of Congress]], 1994.</ref> Klaus then formed an exclusively ÖVP cabinet, the first one-party government of the Second Republic.<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/44183/Austria/33385/Restoration-of-sovereignty Austria] at [[Encyclopædia Britannica]]</ref>  In June first steps were agreed on joining the [[European Economic Community]] which in the long run finally led to Austria joining the [[European Union]] in 1995.

Klaus started many reforms and is remembered for his effective stewardship of the government, but he lost the [[1970 Austria legislative election|1970 election]] to Kreisky's Socialists. Klaus might have been able to continue by entering into a coalition with the [[Freedom Party of Austria]] (FPÖ), but immediately resigned after losing the elections.

Despite his "hard image", Klaus was [[List of Austrian Chancellors by Longevity|celebrated at his 90th birthday]] all over the country. In September 1971 he published his memoirs "Macht und Ohnmacht in Österreich", and up to 1995 he frequently led seminars on political and social themes.

Klaus died on 25 July 2001 at the age of 90.<ref>((Cite web |last=Connolly |first=Kate |date=2001-08-07 |title=Josef Klaus |url=http://www.theguardian.com/news/2001/aug/07/guardianobituaries.kateconnolly |access-date=2022-11-23 |website=The Guardian |language=en))</ref>

==References==
((Reflist))

==External links==
((Commons category|Josef Klaus))
* [http://www.worldwhoswho.com/views/entry.html?id=kla-0577 KLAUS, Josef] International Who's Who, accessed 4 September 2006.

((s-start))
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((DEFAULTSORT:Klaus, Josef))
[[Category:1910 births]]
[[Category:2001 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Chancellors of Austria]]
[[Category:Austrian Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:Austrian People's Party politicians]]
[[Category:Governors of Salzburg (state)]]
[[Category:Finance Ministers of Austria]]
[[Category:Grand Crosses with Star and Sash of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany]]

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