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((more citations needed|date=May 2014))
[[File:Juan Eusebio Nieremberg.jpg|thumb|right|Juan Eusebio Nieremberg.]]
((family name hatnote|Nieremberg|Ottín|lang=Spanish))
'''Juan Eusebio Nieremberg y Ottín''' (1595 &ndash; 7 April 1658) was a Spanish [[Jesuit]], [[polymath]] and [[mysticism|mystic]].

== Biography ==
Nieremberg was born in [[Madrid]] to German parents. His father was a Tyrolese, and his mother a Bavarian. He studied the classics at the Royal Court, science at [[Alcalá de Henares|Alcalá]] and [[canon law]] at Salamanca.<ref>((CathEncy|wstitle=Juan Eusebio Nieremberg y Otin))((PD-notice))</ref>

He joined the [[Society of Jesus]] (Jesuits) in 1614, much against the wishes of his father who finally obliged him to leave the [[novitiate]] of Villagarcía. He remained firm in his resolution and was permitted to return to Madrid to finish his probation.

He studied [[Greek language|Greek]] and [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] at the Colegio de [[Huete, Spain|Huete]], arts and theology at Alcalá, and was ordained in 1623, making his profession in 1633. At the [[Colegio Imperial de Madrid]] he taught [[humanities]] and [[natural history]] for sixteen years and [[Bible|Sacred Scripture]] for three. As a director of souls he was much sought, being appointed by royal command confessor to the Duchess of Mantua, granddaughter of [[Philip II of Spain|Philip II]]. Remarkable for his exemplary life, he was an indefatigable worker, and one of the most prolific writers of his time.

Seventy-three printed and eleven manuscript works are attributed to him, of these twenty-four at least are in [[Latin]]. His works are distinguished for their erudition, those in Spanish being characterized according to Capmany, by nobility and purity of diction, terse, well-knit phrases, forcible metaphors, and vivid imagery.<ref>((cite book
	| last = Capmany y Montpalau
	| first = Antonio de
	| author-link = Antonio de Capmany y Montpalau
	| volume = V
	| title = Teatro histórico-crítico de la elocuencia española
	| year = 1848
	| location = Barcelona
	| page = 271
))</ref> The [[Royal Spanish Academy|Spanish Academy]] includes his name in the "Diccionario de Autoridades".

He was highly esteemed in devout circles as the author of ''De la afición y amor de Jesus'' (1630), and ''De la afición y amor de María'' (1630), both of which were translated into [[Arabic language|Arabic]], [[Dutch language|Dutch]], [[French language|French]], [[German language|German]], [[Italian language|Italian]] and [[Latin]]. These works, together with the ''Prodigios del amor divino'' (1641), are now forgotten, but Nieremberg's version (1656) of the ''Imitation'' is still a favorite, and his eloquent [[treatise]], ''De la hermosura de Dios y su amabilidad'' (1649), is the last classical manifestation of [[mysticism]] in [[Spanish literature]].

== Works ==
[[File: Juan Eusebio Nieremberg (1635) Historia naturae (libris XVI).png|thumb|''Historia natvrae, maxime peregrinae (libris XVI)''. 1635.]]
[[File:Juan Eusebio Nieremberg (1647) Vidas ejemplares (tomo 4).png|thumb|Vidas ejemplares y venerables memorias de algunos claros varones de la Compañía de Jesús (tomo cuarto). 1647.]]
* ''Obras y Días. Manual de Señores y Principes; en que se Propone con su Pureza y Rigor la Especulación y Ejecución Política, Económica y Particular de Todas las Virtudes'' (Madrid, 1628)
* ''Centuria de dictámenes prudentes'' (Quiñones, Madrid, 1641).
* ''Prolusión a la doctrina e historia natural'' (Madrid, 1629).
* ''Sigalion sive de sapientia mythica'' (Madrid, 1629; Lyon, 1642)
* ''Curiosa Filosofía y cuestiones naturales'' (Imprenta del Reino, Madrid, 1630)
* ''Vida del glorioso Patriarca San Ignacio de Loyola'' (Madrid, 1631)
* ''De adoratione in spiritu et veritate'' (Amberes, 1631)
* ''De arte voluntatis'' (Lyon, 1631)
* ''De la afición y amor de Jesús'', (1630?; Madrid, 1632)
* ''De la afición y amor de María''... (1630?; Madrid, 1632)
* ''Vida Divina y Camino Real de Grande Atajo para la Perfección'' (Madrid, 1633; 1633)
* ((Cite book|title=Historia naturae, maxime peregrinae|volume=|publisher=Officina Plantiniana |location=Antwerpen|year=1635|language=la|url=https://gutenberg.beic.it/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=11991133))
* ''Oculta Filosofía'', (Barcelona, 1645)
* ''Curiosa y oculta filosofia: primera y segunda parte de las marauillas de la naturaleza, examinadas en varias questiones naturales... Tercera impression añadida por el mismo autor''  (Alcalá: Imprenta de María Fernández, a costa de Juan Antonio Bonet, 1649).
* ''Libro de la vida de Jesús crucificado, impreso en Jerusalén con su sangre'' (Barcelona, 1634)
* [https://archive.org/details/ioanniseusebiini00nier_0 ''Historia naturae, maxime peregrinae'' (Amberes, 1634)]  
* ''Trophaea mariana seu de victrice misericordia Deiparae, gefolgt von De virginitate S.S. Dei Matris apologetica dissertatio'' (Amberes, 1638)
* ''Del aprecio y estima de la gracia divina, que nos mereció el Hijo de Dios, con su Preciosa Sangre, y Pasión'' (Juan Sánchez, Madrid, 1638; Hospital Real y General, Zaragoza, 1640)
* ''Compendio de la vida del V.P. Martin Gutiérrez'' (Madrid, 1639)
* ''De la diferencia entre lo temporal y lo eterno, y Crisol de Desengaños'' (Madrid, 1640, 1654; Imprenta Real, Madrid, 1675)
* ''Práctica del Catecismo romano y doctrina cristiana'' (Diego Díaz de la Carrera, Madrid 1640, 1641; Imp. María de Quiñones, Madrid, 1646)
* ''Vida del dichoso y venerable Padre Marcelo Francisco Mastrilli'' (Madrid, 1640)
* ''Flores espirituales en que se proponen varios puntos muy provechosos para las almas'' (Madrid, 1640)
* ''Prodigio del amor divino y finezas de Dios con los hombres'' (Juan Sánchez, Madrid, 1641).
* ''De la hermosura de Dios y su amabilidad por las Infinitas Perfecciones del Ser Divino'' (Juan Sánchez, Madrid 1641)
* ''Theopoliticus sive brevis illucidatio et rationale divinorum operum atque providentia humanorum'' (Amberes, 1641)
* ''Causa y remedio de los males públicos'' (Francisco de Robles, Madrid, 1642)
* ''Consuelo de las almas escrupulosas y su remedio'', (Madrid, 1642). 
* ''Dictámenes de espíritu'' (Puebla de Los Ángeles, 1642) 
* ''Tratado sobre el lugar de los Cantares''  Veni de Libano  ''Explicado de la perfección religiosa'' (Madrid: Francisco Maroto a costa de Francisco de Robles, mercader de libros, 1642) 
* [https://archive.org/details/ideasdevirtudena00nier ''Ideas de virtud en algunos claros varones de la Compañía de Jesús, para los Religiosos de Ella'' (María de Quiñones, Madrid, 1643)] 
* ''Doctrinae asceticae sive spiritualium institutionum pandectae'' (Lyon, 1643)
* ''Partida a la eternidad y preparación para la muerte'', (Madrid, 1643)
* ''De la devoción y patrocinio de San Miguel'' (María de Quiñones, Madrid, 1643)
* ''Corona virtuosa y virtud coronada'' (Francisco Maroto, Madrid, 1643) 
* ''Del nuevo misterio de la piedra imßn y nueva descripción del globo terrestre'' (Madrid, 1643) 
* [https://archive.org/details/firmamentoreligi00nier ''Firmamento religioso de lucidos astros en algunos claros varones de la Compañía de Jesús'' (Quiñones, Madrid, 1644)]  
* [https://archive.org/details/honordelgranpatr00nier ''Honor del gran patriarca S. Ignacio de Loyola, fundador de la Compañía de Jesús, en que se Propone su Vida, y la de su Discípulo el Apóstol de las Indias S. Francisco Xavier. Con la Milagrosa Historia del Admirable Padre Marcelo Mastrilli, y las Noticias de Gran Multitud de Hijos del Mismo P. Ignacio, Varones Clarísimos en Santidad, Doctrina, Trabajos, y Obras Maravillosas en Servicio de la Iglesia'' (Quiñones, Madrid, 1645)] 
* [https://archive.org/details/vidadelsantopadr00nier ''Vida del Santo Padre Francisco de Borja'' (Madrid, 1644)] 
* ''Partida a la eternidad y preparación a la muerte'' (Imprenta Real, Madrid, 1645)
*  [https://archive.org/details/vidasexemplaresy00nier ''Vidas ejemplares y venerables memorias de algunos claros varones de la Compañía de Jesús, de los Cuales es este Tomo Cuarto'' (Alonso de Paredes, Madrid, 1647)]
* ''De la constancia en la virtud y medios de perseverencia'' (Madrid, 1647)
* ''Epistolas del reverendo Padre Juan Eusebio Nieremberg, Religioso de la Compañía de Jesús. Publicadas pour Manuel de Faria y Sousa, Caballero de la Orden de Cristo, y de la Casa Real'' (por Alonso de Paredes, Madrid, 1649)
* ''Devocionario del santísimo Sacramento'' (Madrid, 1649). 
* ''Cielo estrellado de María'' (Madrid, 1655)
* ''Obras cristianas del Padre Juan Eusebio Nieremberg'', Tomo I de sus obras en romance (Imprenta Real, Madrid, 1665)
* ''Obras filosóficas del Padre Juan Eusebio Nieremberg'', Tomo III (Imprenta Real, Madrid, 1664)
* ''Obras cristianas'' (Lucas Martín de Hermosilla, Sevilla, 1686) 
* ''Vida de Santa Teresa de Jesús'' (Madrid, 1882)

==Eponymy==
The Spanish botanists [[Ruiz y Pavón|Ruiz and Pavón]] (Hipólito Ruiz López and Jose Antonio Pavón y Jimenez) named an attractive plant in the tobacco family, ''[[Nierembergia]]'', after him in their ''Flora Peruvianae, et Chilensis Prodromus'' (1794).

==References==
((reflist))

((EB1911|wstitle=Nieremberg, Juan Eusebio|volume=19|page=672))

==External links==
*Nieremberg, Juan Eusebio (1635) [http://lhldigital.lindahall.org/cdm/ref/collection/nat_hist/id/47343 ''Historia naturæ, maxime peregrinae, libris xvi. discincta...''] -digital facsimile from the [[Linda Hall Library]]
*[https://archive.org/details/JohnCarterBrownLibrary?and%5B%5D=nieremberg%2C+juan+eusebio&sin= Complete digital facsimiles of works by Juan Eusebio Nieremberg] at the [[John Carter Brown Library]]
* ((cite book
	| last = Scott Hendrickson
	| first = D.
	| publisher = [[Brill Publishers]]
	| title = Jesuit Polymath of Madrid: The Literary Enterprise of Juan Eusebio Nieremberg (1595–1658)
	| year = 2015
	| location = Leiden
	| isbn = 978-90-0-429544-5
    | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=hFXFCQAAQBAJ
    | access-date = 24 October 2023
))

((Authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Nieremberg, Juan Eusebio))
[[Category:1595 births]]
[[Category:1658 deaths]]
[[Category:17th-century Spanish philosophers]]
[[Category:17th-century Christian mystics]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic mystics]]
[[Category:Spanish essayists]]
[[Category:Spanish male writers]]
[[Category:Spanish philosophers]]
[[Category:17th-century Spanish Jesuits]]
[[Category:Spanish male essayists]]
[[Category:17th-century male writers]]

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