Juana Manuel
Juana and one of her daughters, painted by Jaime Serra in the mid-fourteenth century
Queen consort of Castile and León
Tenure1369–1379
Born1339
Died27 March 1381 (aged 41–42)
Salamanca
Burial
Cathedral of Toledo
SpouseHenry II of Castile
IssueJohn I of Castile
Eleanor, Queen of Navarre
Infanta Joanna
HouseCastilian House of Ivrea
FatherJuan Manuel, Prince of Villena
MotherBlanca Núñez de Lara
ReligionRoman Catholicism

Juana Manuel (1339 – 27 March 1381) was Queen of Castile from 1369 until 1379 by marriage to king Henry II of Castile. She was also the heiress of Escalona, Villena, Peñafiel and Lara, as well as Lady of Biscay.

Family

She was the daughter of Juan Manuel, Prince of Villena (1282–1348) and his second wife Blanca Núñez de Lara de La Cerda. Her mother Blanca (d. 1347) was a descendant of the lords of Biscay and of Lara and of Alfonso X's eldest son, Fernando de la Cerda. She was the last undisputably legitimate member of the House of Ivrea.[1]

Marriage

Her father had been for five years a serious enemy of King Alfonso XI of Castile, his former protégé, and the king wished to neutralize or absorb the might of the Peñafiel family. Although Juana was not yet the heiress, already in her youth she had to go along with royal wishes. The king's influential mistress, Leonor de Guzmán, wanted to obtain some high prestige and property to her eldest son.

On 27 July 1350 her brother and guardian, Fernando Manuel of Peñafiel, had to marry his young sister to Henry (1333–1379), eldest of the illegitimate sons of Alfonso XI. This brought Henry certain lands.

However it was later that Juana's relatives' deaths made Juana the great heiress she turned out to be, while her husband became a threat to the royal power.

Inheritance and queenship

In 1361 (at the death of her teenage niece Blanca,[2][better source needed] daughter of her brother Fernando Manuel who himself had died in c 1350 without other children) she inherited Villena, Escalona and Peñafiel.[citation needed]

Because Juana was a maternal granddaughter of La Palomilla (Juana Núñez de Lara), from her another cousin, Isabel de Lara who was murdered in 1361 [3][better source needed] and her young daughter Florentina [4][better source needed] (d after 1365), she also inherited Lara and Biscay.

In 1369, her husband became King Henry II of Castile, after he deposed and murdered his half-brother to take the throne, and she became queen of Castile and León.

When in 1381 she died and left her inheritance to her son, Biscay finally was united with Castile, and ultimately Spain.

Issue

Family tree

Family tree of Juana Manuel
8. Ferdinand III of Castile
4. Manuel of Castile
9. Elisabeth of Swabia
2. Juan Manuel
10. Amadeus IV, Count of Savoy
5. Beatrice of Savoy
11. Cecile of Baux
1. Juana Manuel
12. Fernando de la Cerda
6. Fernando de la Cerda
13. Blanche of France
3. Blanca de la Cerda y Lara
14. Juan Núñez I de Lara
7. Juana Núñez de Lara
15. Teresa Díaz de Haro

References

  1. ^ Her cousin, Constance (1354–1394) claimed to have been legitimate based the premise that her parents had been secretly married in 1353.
  2. ^ Marek, Miroslav. "(Blanca's death)". Genealogy.EU.[self-published source]
  3. ^ Marek, Miroslav. "(Isabel's death)". Genealogy.EU.[self-published source]
  4. ^ Marek, Miroslav. "(Florentina's death)". Genealogy.EU.[self-published source]
Juana Manuel Castilian House of IvreaCadet branch of the House of IvreaBorn: circa 1339 Died: 27 March 1381 Royal titles Preceded byBlanche of Bourbon Queen consort of Castile and León 1359–1369 Succeeded byEleanor of Aragon Spanish nobility Preceded byBlanca Manuel Lady of Villena,Escalona and Peñafiel 1361–1381 Incorporated into theCrown of Castile Preceded byTello Alfonso Lord of Biscay and Lara 1370–1379 Succeeded byJohn II of Castile
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