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Juanita Spinelli
The Duchess: first woman executed in San Quentin's gas chamber.[1]
Born(1889-10-17)October 17, 1889
Kentucky, U.S.
DiedNovember 21, 1941(1941-11-21) (aged 52)
San Quentin State Prison, San Quentin, California, U.S.
Cause of deathExecution by gas chamber
Criminal statusExecuted
Conviction(s)First degree murder
Criminal penaltyDeath

Evelita Juanita Spinelli (October 17, 1889 - November 21, 1941)[2] nicknamed The Duchess,[3] was the first woman to be executed by the state of California.[3] She was a gangster and ex-wrestler.

Criminal history

FBI profiler Candice DeLong described Spinelli as a "stone cold psychopath who had no use for anybody, other than what she could get out of them."(Deadly Women, season 4, episode 2). Young delinquent homeless men were regularly taken into her house in San Francisco. She would cook and clean for them and train them to be professional criminals.[3] The men received a ten-dollar weekly allowance, with Spinelli receiving the lion's share of their ill-gotten gains. Her daughter Lorraine, known as "Gypsy," regularly used a honey trap to snare drunken men, who were consequently mugged.[citation needed]

Two of Spinelli's protégés, Albert Ives and Robert Sherrod, killed Leland Cash during a robbery in San Francisco (when he reached into his pocket to turn up his hearing aid, Ives assumed he was reaching for a gun and shot Cash in the stomach).[citation needed] Fearing Sherrod would confess to the police, Spinelli gave him whiskey that she had laced with chloral hydrate. The gang then beat him up whilst he was unconscious. To make his death appear accidental, they threw him off the Clarksburg bridge on the Sacramento River, just south of Sacramento, wearing only swimming trunks. However, the autopsy showed there was no water in his lungs. Fearing for his own survival, Ives escaped and confessed to the police and was committed to Mendocino State Hospital for life.[citation needed] Spinelli was consequently arrested. Her gang members testified against her at her trial.[4]

She was described by Clinton Duffy, the warden at San Quentin State Prison, as "the coldest, hardest character, male or female, I have ever known, a homely, scrawny, nearsighted, sharp-featured scarecrow. . . . The Duchess was a hag, evil as a witch, horrible to look at, impossible to like."[5]

Execution

Spinelli was executed on November 21, 1941, at the age of 52, in the gas chamber at San Quentin.[6][7]

In popular culture

Her story was dramatized on TV in the Gang Busters episode, "The Duchess Spinelli Case".[8]

References

  1. ^ "The Duchess: first woman executed in San Quentin's gas chamber". Horror History .net. 21 November 2017. Retrieved 22 May 2018.
  2. ^ "Spinelli, Evelita Juanita (1889–1941)". Highbeam. Archived from the original on 2014-08-08.
  3. ^ a b c Keraghosian, Greg (2020-07-06). "Juanita 'The Duchess' Spinelli: The first woman legally executed in Calif. ran an SF crime school". SFGATE. Retrieved 2021-12-19.
  4. ^ [dead link] "Outlaws". Deadly Women. Season 4. Episode 4E2. August 19, 2010.
  5. ^ Chawkins, Steve (November 26, 2001). "Reluctance to Execute Women May Save Mother Who Killed 3 Sons". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved June 8, 2014.
  6. ^ "WOMAN EXECUTED IN GAS CHAMBER; Gang-Leading Grandmother, 52, First of Sex Legally Put to Death in California". The New York Times. November 22, 1941. Retrieved June 8, 2014.
  7. ^ Roderick, Kevin (March 28, 1990). "Last Steps and Last Words on Death Row". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved June 8, 2014.
  8. ^ "The Duchess Spinelli Case". IMDb.
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