American biochemist
Judith P. Klinman (born April 17, 1941, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania)[1] is an American chemist, biochemist, and molecular biologist known for her work on enzyme catalysis. She became the first female professor in the physical sciences at the University of California, Berkeley in 1978,[2][3] where she is now Professor of the Graduate School and Chancellor's Professor.[4] In 2012, she was awarded the National Medal of Science by President Barack Obama.[5] She is a member of the National Academy of Sciences,[6] American Academy of Arts and Sciences,[7] American Association for the Advancement of Science,[8] and the American Philosophical Society.[9]
Early life
Klinman was born April 17, 1941, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.[1] When Klinman was two years old, her biological father left the family.[2] Klinman's mother sold her house and possessions and moved with Klinman to Miami Beach, Florida, for a time, before returning to Philadelphia to find work.[10] Klinman's mother then remarried, and so she was raised by her mother and stepfather.[2] Neither her mother nor stepfather graduated from college, but her stepfather attended Drexel University for two years but dropped out due to the Great Depression, and later found work selling furniture.[2] Klinman was initially interested in ballet, but her interest in chemistry was piqued by her high school chemistry teacher.[2] She received a partial scholarship from her high school, Overbrook High School, to attend college, graduating second in her class.[2] Klinman decided to enroll in the University of Pennsylvania's College for Women, despite pressure from her family to become a lab technician and get married.[2]
Education and training
Beginning in 1958, Klinman studied chemistry at the University of Pennsylvania (UPenn).[10] While in college, Klinman was a laboratory technician at the Eldridge R. Johnson Foundation for Research in Medical Physics at UPenn. She graduated with her A.B. in Chemistry in 1962.[1] Klinman applied to medical and graduate school, and received acceptances to both.[2] In 1962, Klinman enrolled in the Chemistry graduate program at New York University (NYU).[2] Klinman credits her time at NYU for "opening [her] eyes to the excitement and beauty of organic reaction mechanisms."[10] After a year in New York City, she moved back to Philadelphia, and enrolled at UPenn for graduate studies.[2] Working in the laboratory of physical organic chemist Prof. Edward R. Thornton, Klinman studied the hydrolysis kinetics of benzyl-substituted imidiazoles.[11] She graduated with her Ph.D. in 1966.[12]
In 1966, Klinman travelled to the Weizmann Institute in Israel to conduct postdoctoral research with Prof. David Samuel.[2] She worked in the Isotopes Department, which had a large supply of heavy water that could be used for kinetic studies. Klinman's work with Samuel involved understanding the role of divalent metal ions in the hydrolysis of high-energy acyl phosphates.[13] While in Israel, Klinman survived the Six-Day War of 1967.[2][10] She and her then husband, Norman R. Klinman, left Israel in 1967, as her husband was conducting postdoctoral studies at the National Institute for Medical Research in Mill Hill, London.[10][14] Klinman arranged a nonpaying apprenticeship at University College London (UCL) in the laboratory of Charles A. Vernon, and also took courses in biochemistry at UCL.
Klinman and her husband returned to the United States in 1968, and Klinman took up a position as a postdoctoral associate at the Institute for Cancer Research (ICR), a part of the Fox Chase Cancer Research Institute.[10][15] There, she joined the laboratory of Irwin Rose, where she investigated the mechanism of aconitate isomerase, an enzyme that catalyzes the cis-trans isomerism of aconitate.[16][17] Klinman also studied the stereochemical products of ATP citrate lyase and citrate synthase.[18]
Independent career
In 1972, Klinman was promoted to an independent staff scientist, equivalent to an Assistant Professorship, at the Institute for Cancer Research.[10] In 1974, she joined the University of Pennsylvania as an Assistant Professor of Biophysics.[19]
In 1978, she moved to University of California, Berkeley as an Associate Professor in Chemistry,[15] the first female faculty member in the physical sciences at UC Berkeley.[20] She is currently the Professor of the Graduate School at the Departments of Chemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology and the California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences at the University of California, Berkeley.[12] She also served the Chancellor's Professor for University of California Berkeley.[21][22] She currently serves as the Professor of the Graduate School.[23]
Her group has discovered that room temperature hydrogen tunneling occurs among various enzymatic reactions, such as enzymatic C-H cleavage,[10] and clarified the dynamics of tunneling process through data analysis. They have also discovered the quino-enzymes, a new class of redox cofactors in eukaryotic enzymes.[24][25]
Personal life
Judith Klinman was married to Norman R. Klinman, who later became a Professor of Immunology and Microbial Science at The Scripps Research Institute.[14] The two met at the University of Pennsylvania, and were married while Klinman was completing her Ph.D.[2][10] They had two children together, Andrew and Douglas.[2][10] Andrew was born while Klinman was in graduate school (born 1964-1966), and Douglas when she was a postdoctoral scholar at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel (born in 1967).[2][10] She and Norman divorced in 1978, at the time of her laboratory's move to UC Berkeley.[2][10]
Judith Klinman later married Mordechai Mitnick, a grassroots organizer who later established a psychotherapy practice in Oakland.[10][42][43][44] They raised four children together: Alexandra, Joshua, Andrew, and Douglas, and have eight grandchildren.[10]
Klinman has a stepsister, who as of 2002 worked for the Small Business Administration.[2]
