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((Short description|French poet and writer))
((About|the French author|the Italian painter known as Jules Romain|Giulio Romano))
((more citations needed|date=December 2015))
(( infobox writer <!-- for more information see [[:Template:Infobox writer/doc]] -->
| name          = Jules Romains
| image         = Jules Romains-crop.jpg
| imagesize     = 
| alt           =
| caption       = Jules Romains, photo taken<br /> by [[Carl Van Vechten]], 1936
| pseudonym     =
| birth_name    = Louis Henri Jean Farigoule
| birth_date    = ((birth date|1885|8|26|df=yes))
| birth_place   = Saint-Julien-Chapteuil in the [[Haute-Loire]]
| death_date    = ((death date and age|1972|8|14|1885|8|26|df=yes))
| death_place   = [[Paris]]
| resting_place =
| occupation    = Poet and writer
| language      = French
| nationality   =
| ethnicity     =
| citizenship   =
| education     = [[lycée Condorcet]]<br>[[École normale supérieure]]
| alma_mater    =
| period        =
| genre         =
| subject       =
| movement      = [[Unanimism]]
| notableworks  =
| spouse(s)     =
| partner(s)    =
| children      =
| relative(s)   =
| influences    =
| influenced    =
| awards        = elected to the [[Académie française]]
| signature     = Envoi Jules Romains.svg
| signature_alt =
| website       =
| portaldisp    =
| module = ((Infobox officeholder |embed=yes
| office              = President of <br>[[PEN International]]
| termstart           = October 1936
| termend             = October 1941
| predecessor         = [[H. G. Wells]]
| successor           = Wartime International Presidential Committee (1941–47)
| name                = 
))
))
((French literature sidebar))
'''Jules Romains''' (born '''Louis Henri Jean Farigoule'''; 26 August 1885 – 14 August 1972) was a French poet and writer and the founder of the [[Unanimism]] literary movement. His works include the play ''[[Knock (play)|Knock ou le Triomphe de la médecine]]'', and a cycle of works called ''[[Les Hommes de bonne volonté]] (Men of Good Will)''. [[Sinclair Lewis]] called him one of the six best novelists in the world.<ref>((cite book |last1=Marino |first1=Andy |title=A Quiet American: The Secret War of Varian Fry |date=2000 |publisher=Macmillan |page=46))</ref>

He was nominated for the [[Nobel prize in literature]] sixteen times.<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nomination/archive/show_people.php?id=7836|title=Nomination Database|website=www.nobelprize.org|access-date=2017-01-26))</ref>

==Life==
Jules Romains was born in Saint-Julien-Chapteuil in the [[Haute-Loire]] but went to [[Paris]] to attend first the [[Lycée Condorcet]] and then the prestigious [[École Normale Supérieure]]. He was close to the [[Abbaye de Créteil]], a utopian group founded in 1906 by [[Charles Vildrac]] and René Arcos, which brought together, among others, the writer [[Georges Duhamel]], the painter [[Albert Gleizes]] and the musician Albert Doyen. He received his [[agrégation]] in philosophy in 1909.

In the interwar years, he pleaded the cause of pacifism and a united Europe against incipient fascism and despotism.<ref>((cite book |last1=Reilly |first1=Brian J. |title=The Columbia History of Twentieth-century French Thought |date=2007 |publisher=Columbia University Press |page=232))</ref> In 1927, he signed a petition (that appeared in the magazine ''Europe'' on 15 April) against the law on the general organization of the nation in time of war, abrogating all intellectual independence and all freedom of expression. His name on the petition appeared with those of  [[Lucien Descaves]], [[Louis Guilloux]], [[Henry Poulaille]], [[Séverine]]((nbsp))... and those of the young [[Raymond Aron]] and [[Jean-Paul Sartre]] from the École normale supérieure.

His novel ''The Boys in the Back Room'' (''Les Copains'', literally "the pals") appeared in English in 1937.<ref>((cite book|last1=Mangione|first1=Jerre Gerlando|title=An Ethnic at Large: A Memoir of America in the Thirties and Forties|date=1978|publisher=Syracuse University Press|page=154|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5P0EO6yTcIQC&pg=PA154|access-date=11 April 2015|isbn=9780815607168))</ref>

During World War II he went into exile first to the United States where he spoke on the radio through the [[Voice of America]] and then, beginning in 1941, to Mexico where he participated with other French refugees in founding the Institut Français d'Amérique Latine (IFAL).

A writer on many varied topics, Jules Romains was elected to the [[Académie française]] on 4 April 1946, occupying chair 12 (of 40). He served as President of [[PEN International]], the worldwide association of writers from 1936 to 1941. In 1964, Jules Romains was named citizen of honor of Saint-Avertin. Following his death in [[Paris]] in 1972, his place in the Académie française was taken by [[Jean d'Ormesson]].

He was criticized by writer and politician [[Aimé Césaire]] in the 1950 essay ''[[Discourse on Colonialism]]'' for racist statements by the title character of his novel ''Salsette Discovers America'': "I will not even censure our Negroes and Negresses for chewing gum. I will only note((nbsp))... that this movement has the effect of emphasizing the jaws, and that the associations which come to mind evoke the equatorial forest rather than the procession of the [[Panathenaea]]((nbsp)).... The black race has not yet produced, will never produce, an [[Albert Einstein|Einstein]], a [[Igor Stravinsky|Stravinsky]], a [[George Gershwin|Gershwin]]."<ref>((Cite book|last=Césaire|first=Aimé|url=https://libcom.org/files/zz_aime_cesaire_robin_d.g._kelley_discourse_on_colbook4me.org_.pdf|title=Discourse on Colonialism|publisher=Monthly Review Press|year=2000|location=New York|pages=51, 99-100 (footnote 5)))</ref><ref>The quoted statements do not appear in the 1942 English-language first edition of the novel, but only in an expanded 1950 French-language second edition.</ref>

==Unanimism==
Jules Romains is remembered today, among other things, for his concept of Unanimism and his cycle of novels in ''[[Les Hommes de bonne volonté]] (The Men of Good Will)'', a remarkable literary fresco depicting the odyssey over a quarter century of two friends, the writer Jallez and politician Jerphanion, who provide an example in literature of Unanimism.

Romains originally considered unanimism to mean an opposition to individualism or to the exaltation of individual particularities, universal sympathy with life, existence and humanity. In later years, Romains defined it as connected with the end of literature within "representation of the world without judgment",((citequote|date=August 2012)) where his social ideals comprise the highest conception of solidarity as a defense of individual rights. His first book was ''La vie unanime'', published in 1904, and in the preface to ''Men of Goodwill'' he identified the ideas in it as essentially the same as those of that later work.<ref name="Bergholz 1951">((cite journal|last1=Bergholz|first1=Harry|title=Jules Romains and His "Men of Good Will"|journal=The Modern Language Journal|date=April 1951|volume=35|issue=4|doi=10.1111/j.1540-4781.1951.tb01639.x|pages=303–309|jstor=319619))</ref>

==In popular culture==
The Red Envelope catalog company, in their 2007 Holiday catalog, surprisingly featured ''Les Createurs'' (the twelfth volume of ''Les Hommes de bonne volonté'') on the cover in a photograph, showing a female model playfully frustrated with her husband, a male model posing as a detached intellectual, half-heartedly helping her to decorate the Christmas tree, while his attention is focused on reading ''Les Createurs''.

==Works==
* ''Men of Goodwill'' (''Les Hommes de bonne volonté'', 1932-1946; 27 volumes Paris: Calmann Lévy)
* ''The body's rapture'' (''Psyche''), London: John Lane, 1933
* ''Salsette Discovers America'', New York: Knopf, 1942
* ''Tussles with time'' (''Violation de Frontières'', 1951), London: Sidgwick & Jackson, 1952
* ''The Death of a Nobody'' (''Mort de quelqu'un'', 1911)

==Filmography==
* ''[[Knock (1925 film)|Knock]]'', directed by [[René Hervil]] (1925, based on the play ''[[Knock (play)|Knock]]'')
* ''[[Knock (1933 film)|Knock ou le triomphe de la médecine]]'', directed by [[Roger Goupillières]] and [[Louis Jouvet]] (1933, based on the play ''[[Knock (play)|Knock]]'')
* ''[[Donogoo Tonka]]'', directed by [[Reinhold Schünzel]] (1936, based on the play ''Donogoo'')<!--German-language version-->
** ''[[Donogoo]]'', directed by [[Reinhold Schünzel]] and [[Henri Chomette]] (1936, based on the play ''Donogoo'')<!--French-language version-->
* ''[[Dr. Knock]]'', directed by [[Guy Lefranc]] (1951, based on the play ''[[Knock (play)|Knock]]'')
* ''((Interlanguage link multi|Les Copains (film)|fr|3=Les Copains (film)|lt=Les Copains))'', directed by [[Yves Robert]] (1965, based on the novel ''((Interlanguage link multi|Les Copains|fr))'')
* ''[[Knock (2017 film)|Knock]]'', directed by [[Lorraine Lévy]] (2017, based on the play ''[[Knock (play)|Knock]]'')

===Screenwriter===
* ''[[The Portrait (1923 film)|The Portrait]]'' (1923), directed by [[Jacques Feyder]] (1923)
* ''[[Volpone (film)|Volpone]]'', directed by [[Maurice Tourneur]] (1941)

==References==
((Reflist))

==Bibliography==
*  Mauthner, Martin, ''Otto Abetz and His Paris Acolytes - French Writers Who Flirted with Fascism, 1930–1945''. Sussex Academic Press, 2016, (((ISBN|978-1-84519-784-1)))
* Jules-Romains, Lise, ''Les vie inimitables, Souvenirs'', Paris: Flammarion, 1985.

==External links==
* [http://www.blackcatpoems.com/r/jules_romains.html Poems by Jules Romains]
* [https://www.nytimes.com/1942/04/26/archives/the-free-land-salsette-discovers-america-by-jules-romains.html Review of ''Salsette Discovers America'' (1942)] in ''The New York Times''
* [http://pen-international.org/ PEN International]
* ((PM20|FID=pe/014907))
* [https://www.joron-derem.com/lot/137626/20918889-charles-picart-le-doux-1881195search=ROMAINS&sort=num& ''Portrait de Jules Romains''] in charcoal (1939) by his close friend [[Charles Picart Le Doux]]
* [https://www.cnap.fr/collection-en-ligne#/artwork/140000000054015 ''Portrait de Jules Romains''] (1935) by [[Jean de Botton]] at the [[Centre national des arts plastiques]]

((s-start))
((s-npo))
((succession box|before=[[H. G. Wells]]|title=International President of [[PEN International]]|after=[[Denis Saurat]]|years=1936–1939))
((s-end))
((Académie française Seat 12))
((Authority control))
((Use dmy dates|date=October 2016))

((DEFAULTSORT:Romains, Jules))
[[Category:1885 births]]
[[Category:1972 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Haute-Loire]]
[[Category:Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery]]
[[Category:Grand Officers of the Legion of Honour]]
[[Category:Members of the Académie Française]]
[[Category:Lycée Condorcet alumni]]
[[Category:French male novelists]]
[[Category:French pacifists]]
[[Category:20th-century French novelists]]
[[Category:20th-century French male writers]]

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