The German government sent a strong protest note to the Soviet Union over the sentencing of three German students to death for "high treason and spying". Numerous German newspapers called for a break in diplomatic relations between the two countries as many were convinced that the charges were trumped up in order to arrange for an exchange of prisoners.[3]
The collapse of the Pickwick Club in Boston killed 44 people, most of them party-goers at an event that had started the night before to celebrate the Fourth of July.[5]
Police in Rome reported that the treasury of St. Peter's Basilica was robbed of 5–7 million lira worth of valuables, including gold crosses and other religious objects.[6]
Numerous arrests were made and stolen items were recovered in the St. Peter's Basilica robbery case. Six workmen who were doing repairs in the vicinity of the treasury room were among those arrested.[7]
William Jennings Bryan arrived by train in Dayton, Tennessee to a hero's welcome as national anticipation of the Scopes Trial accelerated. Bryan gave a fiery speech saying the trial would be a "duel to the death".[8]
Died:Francisco Guilledo, 23, Filipino boxer known by his ring name "Pancho Villa" and world flyweight boxing champion 1922 to 1925, died of a tooth infection 10 days after losing the title to Jimmy McLarnin.
The Canadian province of Saskatchewan repealed the Prohibition Act of 1916. The government continued to control wholesale outlets for the selling and distribution of alcohol.[15][16]
Flooding in Seoul, Korea killed hundreds as dikes broke on the third straight day of heavy rain.[18]
Born:Friedrich Zimmermann, West German politician who served as Minister of the Interior 1982 to 1989, then as the transport minister for Germany, 1989 to 1991; in Munich (d. 2012)
Italy and Yugoslavia signed the Treaty of Nettuno, permitting Italians to freely immigrate to Dalmatia. Its ratification was held up in the Yugoslav parliament for three years as the Croatian Peasant Party staunchly opposed it.[19]
Near Montecatini Terme in Italy, a gang of Fascists attacked opposition figure Giovanni Amendola, ambushing his car in the dead of night and beating him savagely.[20] Details of the attack were censored in government-controlled media to avoid another outcry along the lines of the Matteotti scandal.[21] Amandola died of his wounds nine months later.[20]
The Scopes Trial ended with John Scopes being found guilty of violating the Butler Act and fined $100, which both William Jennings Bryan and the American Civil Liberties Union offered to pay for him. After the verdict was read Scopes made his only statement during the trial, vowing to "oppose this law in any way I can. Any other action would be in violation of my ideal of academic freedom — that is, to teach the truth as guaranteed in our constitution, of personal and religious freedom."[12]
Chicago Tribune correspondent George Seldes was ordered to leave Italy for refusing to alter the tone of his dispatches which displeased the Mussolini government.[25]
Ex-Kaiser of Germany Wilhelm II made it known in a statement to the United Press through his spokesperson Hubert von Rebeur-Paschwitz that he believed the Treaty of Versailles should be scrapped, explaining, "The criminal and impossible treaty of Versailles has disarmed Germany and left Europe and the world bereft of the greatest factor of peace. You will agree that the greatest danger to Europe and the United States of America lies in the fact that the thus disarmed central Europe is surrounded by a number of nations all armed to the teeth and continually increasing their armaments."[26]
Vatican newspaper L'Osservatore Romano printed a long list of Fascist offenses against Catholics.[27]
A new law was announced in a semi-official Italian publication stating that any newspaper publishing attacks on the government that were "too strong and too frequent" would receive two warnings, after which the paper would no longer be recognized,[27]
Negotiations between the British government and representatives of the country's nearly one million coal miners entered their final hours before a nationwide miner's strike over wages was set to begin at midnight. Leaders of the railway and transport workers issued notices to their workers telling them not to handle coal when the strike began as a gesture of solidarity with the miners.[28]
"All the workers in this country have got to take reductions in wages to help put industry on its feet", British Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin stated.[29]
Red Friday: The British government of Stanley Baldwin averted a miners' strike by agreeing to provide a subsidy to maintain the miners' wages until a commission could study the situation.[30]
With the Giacomo Matteotti murder trial still pending, the Italian government issued a decree granting amnesty for those arraigned on charges of "premeditated political murder" in the event that it could not be proven whether the murder was premeditated or had happened under "unforeseen circumstances".[31]
^ abPugliese, Stanislao G. (2004). Fascism, Anti-fascism, and the Resistance in Italy: 1919 to the Present. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. p. 108. ISBN0-7425-3122-8.
^"Fascists Take Iron Measures Against Revolt". Chicago Daily Tribune. July 24, 1925. p. 9.
^Doctor, Jennifer (1999). The BBC and Ultra-Modern Music, 1922–1936. Cambridge University Press. p. 79. ISBN0-521-66117-X.
^Qafisheh, Mutaz M. (2008). The International Law Foundations of Palestinian Nationality. Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 75. ISBN978-90-04-16984-5.
^"Fascisti Oust Seldes For His Tribune Cables". Chicago Daily Tribune. July 28, 1925. p. 1.
^"Versailles Pact Must be Junked, Ex-Kaiser Holds". Chicago Daily Tribune. July 29, 1925. p. 17.
^Beer, Max (2001). A History of British Socialism, Volume 2. Routledge. p. 411. ISBN978-0-415-26569-0.
^Paxton, Robert O.; Hessler, Julie (2012). Europe in the Twentieth Century (Fifth Ed.). Boston: Wadsworth. p. 209. ISBN978-0-495-91319-1.
^Sauvain, Philip (1996). Key Themes of the Twentieth Century. Cheltenham: Stanley Thornes. p. 45. ISBN0-7487-2549-0.
^Sachar, Howard M. (2015). The Assassination of Europe, 1918–1942: A Political History. North York, Ontario: University of Toronto Press. p. 62. ISBN978-1-4426-0920-4.