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Falangism
Yoke and arrows
Organizations Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional-Sindicalista Falange Española Falange Española de las JONS Falanga National Radical Camp Falange Filipina Lebanese Phalanges Falange Española Tradicionalista y de las JONS Bolivian Socialist Falange Phalange Française Vanguard Unionist Progressive Party Falange Española de las JONS (Auténtica) Falange Española de las JONS (1976) Fuerza Nueva Falange Española Independiente National Alliance July 18 Falange Española Auténtica Movimiento Falangista de España National Union Unidad Falangista Montañesa National Front National Falange La Falange (1999) Republican Social Movement Falange Auténtica
History Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional-Sindicalista (1931–1934) Falange Española (1933–1934) Falange Española de las JONS (1934–1937) Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) Francoist Spain (1939–1975)
Ideology National syndicalism Fascism Third Position Spanish nationalism Greater Spain Hispanidad
Notable adherents Ángel Alcázar de Velasco Martín Almagro Basch Nicasio Álvarez de Sotomayor Juan Antonio Ansaldo Agustín Aznar Tomás Borrás Sancho Dávila y Fernández de Celis José Luis de Arrese Raimundo Fernández-Cuesta Rafael García Serrano Alfonso García Valdecasas Pierre Gemayel José Antonio Girón Manuel Hedilla Ramiro Ledesma Charles Luca Gustavo Morales Narciso Perales José Antonio Primo de Rivera Pilar Primo de Rivera Onésimo Redondo Dionisio Ridruejo Luis Rosales Julio Ruiz de Alda Rafael Sánchez Mazas Andrés Soriano Óscar Únzaga Enrique Zóbel de Ayala
Literature La Conquista del Estado Twenty-Seven Points
Lists List of Falangist movements
Related topics Falangism in Latin America Francoism Fascist symbolism
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Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional-Sindicalista (lit. 'Councils of National-Syndicalist Offensive', JONS) was a nationalist and fascist movement in 1930s Spain. In 1934, it merged with the Falange Española into the Falange Española de las JONS.

History

JONS was founded on 10 October 1931 as the fusion of the group around La Conquista del Estado (The Conquest of the State) of Ramiro Ledesma Ramos and the Juntas Castellanas de Actuación Hispánica (Castilian Councils of Hispanic Action) of Onésimo Redondo. JONS, whose leadership was the Central Executive Triumvirate, began as a small organization, primarily amongst students in Madrid as well as workers and peasants in and around Valladolid. Its followers were called jonsistas.

In 1933, JONS experienced a period of expansion and started publishing a theoretical journal, JONS.

Amongst other endeavors, the organisation engaged in trade union work in Castile. In January 1933, Gutiérrez Palma set up a transport-workers union in Valladolid. Later the same year, JONS founded the Agrarian Trade Union Federation. In six months, it had set up 175 trade unions, which together claimed around 3,000 members. During that year, Onésimo Redondo returned from exile in Portugal and restarted the publication Libertad.

JONS expanded throughout the country. Its main strongholds were in Valencia, Granada, Valladolid, and Santiago de Compostela. It also established nuclei in Zaragoza, Bilbao, Salamanca, and Barcelona. The party started publishing Revolución in Zaragoza, Unidad in Galicia, and Patria Sindicalista in Valencia.

Merger with Falange Española

At the national council of JONS, held clandestinely in Madrid on 12–13 February 1934, the organization formulated its intention to merge with the Falange Española of José Antonio Primo de Rivera. The merger formed the Falange Española de las Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional-Sindicalista, or FE-JONS.

During the Spanish Civil War, Francisco Franco forced a further merger with the very different traditional Carlists to create FET y de las JONS, the Falange Española Tradicionalista y de las Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional-Sindicalista or Movimiento Nacional ("National Movement"), henceforth the only legal political party in Francoist Spain. The Movimiento was disbanded upon Spain's transition to democracy in the late 1970s.

Sources

• La Organización Sindical Española. Escuela Sindical 1961. 1961. Madrid. pp. 33–34.