ꦏ
ka
Aksara nglegena
Aksara pasangan
Javanese script
Latin orthographyka
Phoneme[k]
UnicodeA98F
This article contains letters from the Javanese script. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Javanese characters.

ꦏ is a syllable in the Javanese script that represents the sound /kɔ/, /ka/. It is transliterated to Latin as "ka", and sometimes in Indonesian orthography as "ko". It has two other forms (pasangan), which are ◌꧀ꦏ and ◌꧀ꦏꦸ (if followed by 'ꦸ' and several other glyphs), but are represented by a single Unicode code point, U+A98F.[1][2][3]

Pasangan

Its pasangan form ◌꧀ꦏ, is located on the bottom side of the previous syllable. For example, ꦲꦤꦏ꧀ꦏꦺ - anake (his/her child), which, although transliterated with a single 'k', is written using double 'ꦏ' because the rootword ('anak', child) ends in 'ꦏ'.

The pasangan has two forms, the other is used when the pasangan is followed by 'ꦸ', 'ꦹ', 'ꦿ', 'ꦽ', or 'ꦾ'. For example, ꦲꦤꦏ꧀ꦏꦸ - anakku (my child)

Extended form

The letter ꦏ has a murda form, which is ꦑ.

Using cecak telu (ꦏ꦳), the syllable represents Arabic ح‎ (/ħ/ or /x/).

ꦏ with a cerek (ꦐ) is called Ka sasak.

Glyphs

Various glyphs of "ka"
Nglegena forms Pasangan forms
ꦏ ka ꦏꦃ kah ꦏꦁ kang ꦏꦂ kar ◌꧀ꦏ -ka ◌꧀ꦏꦃ -kah ◌꧀ꦏꦁ -kang ◌꧀ꦏꦂ -kar
ꦏꦺ ke ꦏꦺꦃ keh ꦏꦺꦁ keng ꦏꦺꦂ ker ◌꧀ꦏꦺ -ke ◌꧀ꦏꦺꦃ -keh ◌꧀ꦏꦺꦁ -keng ◌꧀ꦏꦺꦂ -ker
ꦏꦼ kê ꦏꦼꦃ kêh ꦏꦼꦁ kêng ꦏꦼꦂ kêr ◌꧀ꦏꦼ -kê ◌꧀ꦏꦼꦃ -kêh ◌꧀ꦏꦼꦁ -kêng ◌꧀ꦏꦼꦂ -kêr
ꦏꦶ ki ꦏꦶꦃ kih ꦏꦶꦁ king ꦏꦶꦂ kir ◌꧀ꦏꦶ -ki ◌꧀ꦏꦶꦃ -kih ◌꧀ꦏꦶꦁ -king ◌꧀ꦏꦶꦂ -kir
ꦏꦺꦴ ko ꦏꦺꦴꦃ koh ꦏꦺꦴꦁ kong ꦏꦺꦴꦂ kor ◌꧀ꦏꦺꦴ -ko ◌꧀ꦏꦺꦴꦃ -koh ◌꧀ꦏꦺꦴꦁ -kong ◌꧀ꦏꦺꦴꦂ -kor
ꦏꦸ ku ꦏꦸꦃ kuh ꦏꦸꦁ kung ꦏꦸꦂ kur ◌꧀ꦏꦸ -ku ◌꧀ꦏꦸꦃ -kuh ◌꧀ꦏꦸꦁ -kung ◌꧀ꦏꦸꦂ -kur
ꦏꦿ kra ꦏꦿꦃ krah ꦏꦿꦁ krang ꦏꦿꦂ krar ◌꧀ꦏꦿ -kra ◌꧀ꦏꦿꦃ -krah ◌꧀ꦏꦿꦁ -krang ◌꧀ꦏꦿꦂ -krar
ꦏꦿꦺ kre ꦏꦿꦺꦃ kreh ꦏꦿꦺꦁ kreng ꦏꦿꦺꦂ krer ◌꧀ꦏꦿꦺ -kre ◌꧀ꦏꦿꦺꦃ -kreh ◌꧀ꦏꦿꦺꦁ -kreng ◌꧀ꦏꦿꦺꦂ -krer
ꦏꦽ krê ꦏꦽꦃ krêh ꦏꦽꦁ krêng ꦏꦽꦂ krêr ◌꧀ꦏꦽ -krê ◌꧀ꦏꦽꦃ -krêh ◌꧀ꦏꦽꦁ -krêng ◌꧀ꦏꦽꦂ -krêr
ꦏꦿꦶ kri ꦏꦿꦶꦃ krih ꦏꦿꦶꦁ kring ꦏꦿꦶꦂ krir ◌꧀ꦏꦿꦶ -kri ◌꧀ꦏꦿꦶꦃ -krih ◌꧀ꦏꦿꦶꦁ -kring ◌꧀ꦏꦿꦶꦂ -krir
ꦏꦿꦺꦴ kro ꦏꦿꦺꦴꦃ kroh ꦏꦿꦺꦴꦁ krong ꦏꦿꦺꦴꦂ kror ◌꧀ꦏꦿꦺꦴ -kro ◌꧀ꦏꦿꦺꦴꦃ -kroh ◌꧀ꦏꦿꦺꦴꦁ -krong ◌꧀ꦏꦿꦺꦴꦂ -kror
ꦏꦿꦸ kru ꦏꦿꦸꦃ kruh ꦏꦿꦸꦁ krung ꦏꦿꦸꦂ krur ◌꧀ꦏꦿꦸ -kru ◌꧀ꦏꦿꦸꦃ -kruh ◌꧀ꦏꦿꦸꦁ -krung ◌꧀ꦏꦿꦸꦂ -krur
ꦏꦾ kya ꦏꦾꦃ kyah ꦏꦾꦁ kyang ꦏꦾꦂ kyar ◌꧀ꦏꦾ -kya ◌꧀ꦏꦾꦃ -kyah ◌꧀ꦏꦾꦁ -kyang ◌꧀ꦏꦾꦂ -kyar
ꦏꦾꦺ kye ꦏꦾꦺꦃ kyeh ꦏꦾꦺꦁ kyeng ꦏꦾꦺꦂ kyer ◌꧀ꦏꦾꦺ -kye ◌꧀ꦏꦾꦺꦃ -kyeh ◌꧀ꦏꦾꦺꦁ -kyeng ◌꧀ꦏꦾꦺꦂ -kyer
ꦏꦾꦼ kyê ꦏꦾꦼꦃ kyêh ꦏꦾꦼꦁ kyêng ꦏꦾꦼꦂ kyêr ◌꧀ꦏꦾꦼ -kyê ◌꧀ꦏꦾꦼꦃ -kyêh ◌꧀ꦏꦾꦼꦁ -kyêng ◌꧀ꦏꦾꦼꦂ -kyêr
ꦏꦾꦶ kyi ꦏꦾꦶꦃ kyih ꦏꦾꦶꦁ kying ꦏꦾꦶꦂ kyir ◌꧀ꦏꦾꦶ -kyi ◌꧀ꦏꦾꦶꦃ -kyih ◌꧀ꦏꦾꦶꦁ -kying ◌꧀ꦏꦾꦶꦂ -kyir
ꦏꦾꦺꦴ kyo ꦏꦾꦺꦴꦃ kyoh ꦏꦾꦺꦴꦁ kyong ꦏꦾꦺꦴꦂ kyor ◌꧀ꦏꦾꦺꦴ -kyo ◌꧀ꦏꦾꦺꦴꦃ -kyoh ◌꧀ꦏꦾꦺꦴꦁ -kyong ◌꧀ꦏꦾꦺꦴꦂ -kyor
ꦏꦾꦸ kyu ꦏꦾꦸꦃ kyuh ꦏꦾꦸꦁ kyung ꦏꦾꦸꦂ kyur ◌꧀ꦏꦾꦸ -kyu ◌꧀ꦏꦾꦸꦃ -kyuh ◌꧀ꦏꦾꦸꦁ -kyung ◌꧀ꦏꦾꦸꦂ -kyur
Other forms
Nglegena forms Pasangan forms
ꦏ꦳ kʰa ꦏ꦳ꦃ kʰah ꦏ꦳ꦁ kʰang ꦏ꦳ꦂ kʰar ◌꧀ꦏ꦳ -kʰa ◌꧀ꦏ꦳ꦃ -kʰah ◌꧀ꦏ꦳ꦁ -kʰang ◌꧀ꦏ꦳ꦂ -kʰar
ꦏ꦳ꦺ kʰe ꦏ꦳ꦺꦃ kʰeh ꦏ꦳ꦺꦁ kʰeng ꦏ꦳ꦺꦂ kʰer ◌꧀ꦏ꦳ꦺ -kʰe ◌꧀ꦏ꦳ꦺꦃ -kʰeh ◌꧀ꦏ꦳ꦺꦁ -kʰeng ◌꧀ꦏ꦳ꦺꦂ -kʰer
ꦏ꦳ꦼ kʰê ꦏ꦳ꦼꦃ kʰêh ꦏ꦳ꦼꦁ kʰêng ꦏ꦳ꦼꦂ kʰêr ◌꧀ꦏ꦳ꦼ -kʰê ◌꧀ꦏ꦳ꦼꦃ -kʰêh ◌꧀ꦏ꦳ꦼꦁ -kʰêng ◌꧀ꦏ꦳ꦼꦂ -kʰêr
ꦏ꦳ꦶ kʰi ꦏ꦳ꦶꦃ kʰih ꦏ꦳ꦶꦁ kʰing ꦏ꦳ꦶꦂ kʰir ◌꧀ꦏ꦳ꦶ -kʰi ◌꧀ꦏ꦳ꦶꦃ -kʰih ◌꧀ꦏ꦳ꦶꦁ -kʰing ◌꧀ꦏ꦳ꦶꦂ -kʰir
ꦏ꦳ꦺꦴ kʰo ꦏ꦳ꦺꦴꦃ kʰoh ꦏ꦳ꦺꦴꦁ kʰong ꦏ꦳ꦺꦴꦂ kʰor ◌꧀ꦏ꦳ꦺꦴ -kʰo ◌꧀ꦏ꦳ꦺꦴꦃ -kʰoh ◌꧀ꦏ꦳ꦺꦴꦁ -kʰong ◌꧀ꦏ꦳ꦺꦴꦂ -kʰor
ꦏ꦳ꦸ kʰu ꦏ꦳ꦸꦃ kʰuh ꦏ꦳ꦸꦁ kʰung ꦏ꦳ꦸꦂ kʰur ◌꧀ꦏ꦳ꦸ -kʰu ◌꧀ꦏ꦳ꦸꦃ -kʰuh ◌꧀ꦏ꦳ꦸꦁ -kʰung ◌꧀ꦏ꦳ꦸꦂ -kʰur
ꦏ꦳ꦿ kʰra ꦏ꦳ꦿꦃ kʰrah ꦏ꦳ꦿꦁ kʰrang ꦏ꦳ꦿꦂ kʰrar ◌꧀ꦏ꦳ꦿ -kʰra ◌꧀ꦏ꦳ꦿꦃ -kʰrah ◌꧀ꦏ꦳ꦿꦁ -kʰrang ◌꧀ꦏ꦳ꦿꦂ -kʰrar
ꦏ꦳ꦿꦺ kʰre ꦏ꦳ꦿꦺꦃ kʰreh ꦏ꦳ꦿꦺꦁ kʰreng ꦏ꦳ꦿꦺꦂ kʰrer ◌꧀ꦏ꦳ꦿꦺ -kʰre ◌꧀ꦏ꦳ꦿꦺꦃ -kʰreh ◌꧀ꦏ꦳ꦿꦺꦁ -kʰreng ◌꧀ꦏ꦳ꦿꦺꦂ -kʰrer
ꦏ꦳ꦽ kʰrê ꦏ꦳ꦽꦃ kʰrêh ꦏ꦳ꦽꦁ kʰrêng ꦏ꦳ꦽꦂ kʰrêr ◌꧀ꦏ꦳ꦽ -kʰrê ◌꧀ꦏ꦳ꦽꦃ -kʰrêh ◌꧀ꦏ꦳ꦽꦁ -kʰrêng ◌꧀ꦏ꦳ꦽꦂ -kʰrêr
ꦏ꦳ꦿꦶ kʰri ꦏ꦳ꦿꦶꦃ kʰrih ꦏ꦳ꦿꦶꦁ kʰring ꦏ꦳ꦿꦶꦂ kʰrir ◌꧀ꦏ꦳ꦿꦶ -kʰri ◌꧀ꦏ꦳ꦿꦶꦃ -kʰrih ◌꧀ꦏ꦳ꦿꦶꦁ -kʰring ◌꧀ꦏ꦳ꦿꦶꦂ -kʰrir
ꦏ꦳ꦿꦺꦴ kʰro ꦏ꦳ꦿꦺꦴꦃ kʰroh ꦏ꦳ꦿꦺꦴꦁ kʰrong ꦏ꦳ꦿꦺꦴꦂ kʰror ◌꧀ꦏ꦳ꦿꦺꦴ -kʰro ◌꧀ꦏ꦳ꦿꦺꦴꦃ -kʰroh ◌꧀ꦏ꦳ꦿꦺꦴꦁ -kʰrong ◌꧀ꦏ꦳ꦿꦺꦴꦂ -kʰror
ꦏ꦳ꦿꦸ kʰru ꦏ꦳ꦿꦸꦃ kʰruh ꦏ꦳ꦿꦸꦁ kʰrung ꦏ꦳ꦿꦸꦂ kʰrur ◌꧀ꦏ꦳ꦿꦸ -kʰru ◌꧀ꦏ꦳ꦿꦸꦃ -kʰruh ◌꧀ꦏ꦳ꦿꦸꦁ -kʰrung ◌꧀ꦏ꦳ꦿꦸꦂ -kʰrur
ꦏ꦳ꦾ kʰya ꦏ꦳ꦾꦃ kʰyah ꦏ꦳ꦾꦁ kʰyang ꦏ꦳ꦾꦂ kʰyar ◌꧀ꦏ꦳ꦾ -kʰya ◌꧀ꦏ꦳ꦾꦃ -kʰyah ◌꧀ꦏ꦳ꦾꦁ -kʰyang ◌꧀ꦏ꦳ꦾꦂ -kʰyar
ꦏ꦳ꦾꦺ kʰye ꦏ꦳ꦾꦺꦃ kʰyeh ꦏ꦳ꦾꦺꦁ kʰyeng ꦏ꦳ꦾꦺꦂ kʰyer ◌꧀ꦏ꦳ꦾꦺ -kʰye ◌꧀ꦏ꦳ꦾꦺꦃ -kʰyeh ◌꧀ꦏ꦳ꦾꦺꦁ -kʰyeng ◌꧀ꦏ꦳ꦾꦺꦂ -kʰyer
ꦏ꦳ꦾꦼ kʰyê ꦏ꦳ꦾꦼꦃ kʰyêh ꦏ꦳ꦾꦼꦁ kʰyêng ꦏ꦳ꦾꦼꦂ kʰyêr ◌꧀ꦏ꦳ꦾꦼ -kʰyê ◌꧀ꦏ꦳ꦾꦼꦃ -kʰyêh ◌꧀ꦏ꦳ꦾꦼꦁ -kʰyêng ◌꧀ꦏ꦳ꦾꦼꦂ -kʰyêr
ꦏ꦳ꦾꦶ kʰyi ꦏ꦳ꦾꦶꦃ kʰyih ꦏ꦳ꦾꦶꦁ kʰying ꦏ꦳ꦾꦶꦂ kʰyir ◌꧀ꦏ꦳ꦾꦶ -kʰyi ◌꧀ꦏ꦳ꦾꦶꦃ -kʰyih ◌꧀ꦏ꦳ꦾꦶꦁ -kʰying ◌꧀ꦏ꦳ꦾꦶꦂ -kʰyir
ꦏ꦳ꦾꦺꦴ kʰyo ꦏ꦳ꦾꦺꦴꦃ kʰyoh ꦏ꦳ꦾꦺꦴꦁ kʰyong ꦏ꦳ꦾꦺꦴꦂ kʰyor ◌꧀ꦏ꦳ꦾꦺꦴ -kʰyo ◌꧀ꦏ꦳ꦾꦺꦴꦃ -kʰyoh ◌꧀ꦏ꦳ꦾꦺꦴꦁ -kʰyong ◌꧀ꦏ꦳ꦾꦺꦴꦂ -kʰyor
ꦏ꦳ꦾꦸ kʰyu ꦏ꦳ꦾꦸꦃ kʰyuh ꦏ꦳ꦾꦸꦁ kʰyung ꦏ꦳ꦾꦸꦂ kʰyur ◌꧀ꦏ꦳ꦾꦸ -kʰyu ◌꧀ꦏ꦳ꦾꦸꦃ -kʰyuh ◌꧀ꦏ꦳ꦾꦸꦁ -kʰyung ◌꧀ꦏ꦳ꦾꦸꦂ -kʰyur

Unicode block

Main article: Javanese (Unicode block)

Javanese script was added to the Unicode Standard in October, 2009 with the release of version 5.2.

Javanese[1][2]
Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF)
  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
U+A98x ꦀ ꦁ ꦂ ꦃ ꦄ ꦅ ꦆ ꦇ ꦈ ꦉ ꦊ ꦋ ꦌ ꦍ ꦎ ꦏ
U+A99x ꦐ ꦑ ꦒ ꦓ ꦔ ꦕ ꦖ ꦗ ꦘ ꦙ ꦚ ꦛ ꦜ ꦝ ꦞ ꦟ
U+A9Ax ꦠ ꦡ ꦢ ꦣ ꦤ ꦥ ꦦ ꦧ ꦨ ꦩ ꦪ ꦫ ꦬ ꦭ ꦮ ꦯ
U+A9Bx ꦰ ꦱ ꦲ ꦳ ꦴ ꦵ ꦶ ꦷ ꦸ ꦹ ꦺ ꦻ ꦼ ꦽ ꦾ ꦿ
U+A9Cx ꧀ ꧁ ꧂ ꧃ ꧄ ꧅ ꧆ ꧇ ꧈ ꧉ ꧊ ꧋ ꧌ ꧍ ꧏ
U+A9Dx ꧐ ꧑ ꧒ ꧓ ꧔ ꧕ ꧖ ꧗ ꧘ ꧙ ꧞ ꧟
Notes
1.^ As of Unicode version 15.1
2.^ Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points

See also

References

  1. ^ Campbell, George L. Compendium of the World's Languages. Vol. 1. New York: Routledge, 2000.
  2. ^ Soemarmo, Marmo. "Javanese Script." Ohio Working Papers in Linguistics and Language Teaching 14.Winter (1995): 69-103.
  3. ^ Daniels, Peter T and William Bright. The World's Writing Systems. Ed. Peter T Daniels and William Bright. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.


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