You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reasons:

This IP address has been blocked from editing Wikipedia.
This does not affect your ability to read Wikipedia pages.
Most people who see this message have done nothing wrong. Some kinds of blocks restrict editing from specific service providers or telecom companies in response to recent abuse or vandalism, and can sometimes affect other users who are unrelated to that abuse. Review the information below for assistance if you do not believe that you have done anything wrong.

The IP address or range 44.201.0.0/16 has been blocked (disabled) by ‪ST47‬ for the following reason(s):

The IP address that you are currently using has been blocked because it is believed to be a web host provider. To prevent abuse, web hosts may be blocked from editing Wikipedia.
You will not be able to edit Wikipedia using a web host provider because it hides your IP address, much like a proxy or VPN.
We recommend that you attempt to use another connection to edit. For example, if you use a proxy or VPN to connect to the internet, turn it off when editing Wikipedia. If you edit using a mobile connection, try using a Wi-Fi connection, and vice versa. If you are using a corporate internet connection, switch to a different Wi-Fi network. If you have a Wikipedia account, please log in.
If you do not have any other way to edit Wikipedia, you will need to request an IP block exemption.

How to appeal if you are confident that your connection does not use a web host's IP address:
If you are confident that you are not using a web host, you may appeal this block by adding the following text on your talk page: ((unblock|reason=Caught by a web host block but this host or IP is not a web host. My IP address is _______. Place any further information here. ~~~~)). You must fill in the blank with your IP address for this block to be investigated. Your IP address can be determined here. Alternatively, if you wish to keep your IP address private you can use the unblock ticket request system. There are several reasons you might be editing using the IP address of a web host (such as if you are using VPN software or a business network); please use this method of appeal only if you think your IP address is in fact not a web host.

Administrators: The IP block exemption user right should only be applied to allow users to edit using web host in exceptional circumstances, and they should usually be directed to the functionaries team via email. If you intend to give the IPBE user right, a CheckUser needs to take a look at the account. This can be requested most easily at SPI Quick Checkuser Requests. Unblocking an IP or IP range with this template is highly discouraged without at least contacting the blocking administrator.

This block will expire on 23:54, 31 July 2024.

Even when blocked, you will usually still be able to edit your user talk page, as well as email administrators and other editors.

For information on how to proceed, please read the FAQ for blocked users and the guideline on block appeals. The guide to appealing blocks may also be helpful.

Other useful links: Blocking policy · Help:I have been blocked
Your IP address is in a range that has been blocked on all Wikimedia Foundation wikis. The block was made by ‪AntiCompositeNumber‬. The reason given is Open proxy/Webhost: Visit the FAQ if you are affected .
- Start of block: 13:55, 18 August 2022
- Expiry of block: 13:55, 18 April 2025
Your current IP address is 44.201.28.123. The blocked range is 44.201.0.0/16. Please include all above details in any queries you make. If you believe you were blocked by mistake, you can find additional information and instructions in the No open proxies global policy. Otherwise, to discuss the block please post a request for review on Meta-Wiki. You could also send an email to the stewards VRT queue at stewards@wikimedia.org including all above details.

You can view and copy the source of this page:

((Use British English|date=March 2018))
((Use dmy dates|date=November 2015))
((More citations needed|date=March 2018))
((Infobox political party
| name = Kachin Independence Organisation
| native_name = ((nobold|((lang|my|ကချင်လွတ်လပ်ရေးအဖွဲ့ချုပ်))<br>((lang|kac|Wunpawng Gumrawng Gumtsa Mungdan))))
| native_name_lang = 
| abbreviation = KIO
| logo = KIO coat of arms.PNG
| logo_size = 150px
| colorcode = #37736B
| chairman = [[N'Ban La]]<ref name="Kumbun">((cite news|last1=Kumbun|first1=Joe|title=Analysis: KIO Kicks Off New Year with New Leadership|url=https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/analysis-kio-kicks-off-new-year-new-leadership.html|access-date=14 March 2018|work=The Irrawaddy|date=2 January 2018))</ref>
| leader1_title = Vice chairmen
| leader1_name = [[Htang Gam Shawng|Gam Shawng]]<br>Sumlut Gam
| leader2_title = Deputy chairmen
| leader2_name = Gun Maw<br>Zong Buk Htan
| spokesperson =
| foundation = ((start date|1960|df=y))
| dissolution =
| ideology = [[Kachin people|Kachin]] [[self-determination]]<br>[[Federalism]]
| headquarters = [[Laiza]] (since 2005)<br>[[Pajau]] (formerly)
| position =
| religion =
| international =
| wing1_title = Armed wing
| wing1 = [[Kachin Independence Army]]
| newspaper =
| seats1_title =
| seats1 =
| flag = [[File:Kachin Independence Army flag.svg|200px]]
| country = Myanmar
))

The '''Kachin Independence Organisation''' ([[Abbreviation|abbreviated]] '''KIO'''; ((lang-my|ကချင်လွတ်လပ်ရေးအဖွဲ့ချုပ်)); [[Jingpo language|Kachin]]: ((lang|kac|Wunpawng Gumrawng Gumtsa Mungdan)), ((Lit)) "Sovereign Kachin nation state"<ref>((cite web | url = https://doi.nrct.go.th/ListDoi/Download/622222/d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e?Resolve_DOI=10.14456/tureview.2022.2 |title = The Kachin Ethno-Nationalism over Their Historical Sovereign Land Territories in Burma/Myanmar |author = Yaw Htung |date = ))</ref>) is a [[Kachin people|Kachin]] political organisation in [[Myanmar]] (Burma), established on 5 February 1961.<ref name="Smith">((cite book|last1=Smith|first1=Martin|title=Burma: Insurgency and the politics of ethnicity|date=1991|publisher=Zed Books|location=London|isbn=0862328683|edition=2. impr.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s4NuAAAAMAAJ))</ref> It has an armed wing, the [[Kachin Independence Army]], which operates in [[Kachin State|Kachin]] and [[Shan State]]. 

== History ==
In 1960, two [[Kachin people|Kachin]] [[dissident]]s and ex-soldiers of the [[Myanmar Army|Burma Army]], Lamung Tu Jai and Lama La Ring, contacted fellow dissident Zau Seng and founded the Kachin Independence Organisation. Zau Seng became the first leader of the KIO, Zau Tu became the first deputy leader, and Lama La Ring became the first secretary. They provided the KIO with [[ammunition]] to form a 27-member [[private army]].

On 5 February 1960, the KIO's private army raided a bank, among other activities. When Burmese authorities began responding to the KIO's actions, many young Kachin dissidents went underground to join the KIO. A year later on 5 February 1961, the KIO's 100-strong private army was reorganised into the [[Kachin Independence Army]] (KIA) and became the KIO's armed wing, with Zau Seng as [[commander in chief]]. Following the [[1962 Burmese coup d'état]], the KIO expanded its armed wing with new recruits, who dissented against the new military junta under General [[Ne Win]].

The KIO was initially seen as a radical leftist movement. In 1964, the KIO banned the traditional ''Gumsa'' feudal village system, with many traditional headmen killed in the upheaval transitioning into a more "democratic" ''Gumlao'' system of local administration. However, it became clear that the KIO was a staunchly nationalist organization and that the ''Gumlao'' system served to cement intensely loyal clan systems across Myanmar and the world in the coming decades of war. The KIO also became a safe haven for smaller insurgent groups.<ref name=smith>((cite book |last=Smith |first=Martin |date=1999 |title=Burma : Insurgency and the Politics of Ethnicity |edition=2nd |location=Dhaka |publisher=The University Press |page=332 |isbn=1856496600))</ref> Their training eventually formed major ethnic armed organizations, most notably the [[Arakan Army]].<ref>((cite web|title=AA (Kachin Region)|url=http://www.mmpeacemonitor.org/stakeholders/myanmar-peace-center/153-aa|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150928161807/http://www.mmpeacemonitor.org/stakeholders/myanmar-peace-center/153-aa|archive-date=28 September 2015|access-date=28 September 2015|website=mmpeacemonitor.org))</ref>

Soldiers from Myanmar's [[Tatmadaw]] (armed forces) fought KIA insurgents for over 33 years until a ceasefire was brokered between the two opposing sides in 1994. During the ceasefire, the KIO established intimate ties with the central military and appeared to lose its revolutionary fervor becoming more concerned with the spoils of its lucratic ceasefire economy. International observers though they had been weakened by self-interest, opportunism and corruption.<ref name="brenner">((cite book |last=Brenner |first=David |date=2019 |title=Rebel Politics: A Political Sociology of Armed Struggle in Myanmar's Borderlands |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7591/j.ctvfc55nc |location=Ithaca |publisher=Cornell University Press |page=75 |jstor=10.7591/j.ctvfc55nc |isbn=978-1501740084))</ref> By working with the KIA, the Tatmadaw capitalized on the resource-rich lands under KIO control providing limited recognition in exchange for access to and security of resources like [[jade]], [[teak]] and [[rubber]].<ref>((cite journal |last=Woods |first=Kevin |date=14 September 2011 |title=Ceasefire capitalism: military–private partnerships, resource concessions and military–state building in the Burma–China borderlands |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03066150.2011.607699?journalCode=fjps20 |journal=Journal of Peasant Studies |volume=38 |issue=5 |pages=747–770 |doi=10.1080/03066150.2011.607699 |s2cid=53327231 |access-date=14 September 2022))</ref> The ceasefire lasted for 17 years until June 2011, when the Tatmadaw resumed operations against the KIA.<ref>((cite news|title=Kachin army ambush leaves 30 dead- DVB Multimedia Group|url=http://www.dvb.no/news/kachin-army-ambush-leaves-30-dead/16494|access-date=13 March 2018|work=DVB Multimedia Group|date=8 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150219172856/http://www.dvb.no/news/kachin-army-ambush-leaves-30-dead/16494|archive-date=19 February 2015|url-status=dead))</ref> Despite appearances during the ceasefire, the KIO resurged after 2011 and has continued to make uncompromising political demands and displaying more discipled military and organizational strength. The KIO had instead spent the 17 years building up its legitimacy using grassroots methods and its newfound riches to build up its military from a guerilla force to a professionalized army.<ref name="brenner"/>

Aside from its major towns and railway corridor, KIO/A-controlled areas in [[Kachin State]] remained virtually independent and isolated from the rest of Myanmar from the mid-1960s through 1994, with an economy based on cross-border [[Jade trade in Myanmar|jade trade]] with [[China]] and [[Illegal drug trade|narcotics trafficking]]. In 2005, the KIO moved its headquarters from [[Pajau]] to [[Laiza]], and established a military academy and training school.

== Services ==
The KIO operate an education system in areas under their control, running over 200 schools.<ref>((cite web|url=https://www.mmtimes.com/special-features/165-back-to-school-2013/6754-education-takes-a-hit-in-kachin-state.html|title=Education takes a hit in Kachin State|date=14 May 2013|website=The Myanmar Times|access-date=10 July 2021))</ref> Until 2010, KIO operated secondary schools remained in contact with the [[Ministry of Education (Myanmar)|Ministry of Education]]. Students of KIO schools who passed the [[Education_in_Myanmar|9th Standard]] to take their final 10th Standard examination at a government school and attend university afterwards. In response to the central government cutting ties with KIO schools, the KIO opened Mai Ja Yang National College as its first tertiary education school in 2015.<ref>((cite web |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/myanmar/myanmar-s-kachin-take-higher-education-their-own-hands-amid-conflict |title=Myanmar's Kachin Take Higher Education Into Their Own Hands Amid Conflict |last=Jangma |first=Elizabeth |date=23 March 2020 |website=reliefweb |publisher=UN OCHA |access-date=14 September 2022))</ref>

== Funding ==
The KIO funds most of its armed wing's activities through the cross-border trade with [[China]] of [[Jade trade in Myanmar|jade]], timber and gold. Money is also raised through KIA-imposed taxes on locals.((sfn|Leithead|2010))

== References ==

=== Notes ===
((Reflist|2))

=== Citations ===
* ((Citation |last=Leithead |first=Alastair |date=22 February 2010 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/8528985.stm |title= Burma's Kachin army prepares for civil war |publisher=BBC))

((Insurgent groups in Myanmar))

[[Category:History of Myanmar]]
[[Category:Politics of Myanmar]]
[[Category:Rebel groups in Myanmar]]
[[Category:1961 establishments in Burma]]
[[Category:Separatism in Myanmar]]
[[Category:Kachin people]]

Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page (help):

Kachin Independence Organisation (edit)
Template:Abbr (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Ambox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Citation (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite book (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite journal (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite news (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite web (view source) (protected)
Template:DMCA (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Dated maintenance category (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Dated maintenance category (articles) (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Ethnic armed organisations (edit)
Template:FULLROOTPAGENAME (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Find sources mainspace (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Has short description (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Hlist (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Hlist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:If empty (view source) (protected)
Template:Ill (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Infobox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Infobox political party (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Insurgent groups in Myanmar (edit)
Template:Interlanguage link (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Lang (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Lang-my (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Lit (view source) (extended confirmed protected)
Template:Literal translation (view source) (extended confirmed protected)
Template:Main other (view source) (protected)
Template:More citations needed (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Navbox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Nobold (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Nobold/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Ns has subpages (view source) (protected)
Template:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Template:Plain text (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Reflist (view source) (protected)
Template:Reflist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:SDcat (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Separated entries (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Sfn (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Short description (view source) (protected)
Template:Short description/lowercasecheck (view source) (protected)
Template:Start date (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Template other (view source) (protected)
Template:Use British English (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Use dmy dates (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Arguments (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/blacklist (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/shared (view source) (protected)
Module:Check for unknown parameters (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1 (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/COinS (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Disambiguation/templates (view source) (protected)
Module:Exponential search (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/config (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/links (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/templates/Find sources mainspace (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Footnotes (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Footnotes/anchor id list (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Footnotes/anchor id list/data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Footnotes/whitelist (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:GetParameters (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:If empty (view source) (protected)
Module:Infobox (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Infobox/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:InfoboxImage (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang/ISO 639 synonyms (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang/data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana languages (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana regions (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana scripts (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana suppressed scripts (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana variants (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:List (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/ambox.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbox (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/configuration (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Ns has subpages (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/disambiguation (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Pagetype/setindex (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Pagetype/softredirect (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Plain text (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:SDcat (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Separated entries (view source) (protected)
Module:String (view source) (protected)
Module:String2 (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:TableTools (view source) (protected)
Module:Unicode data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Unicode data/scripts (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Unsubst (view source) (protected)
Module:Wikitext Parsing (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Yesno (view source) (protected)

Return to Kachin Independence Organisation.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kachin_Independence_Organisation"