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((Short description|Finnish politician (1930–2004)))
((more citations needed|date=June 2011))

((Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix    =
| name                = Kalevi Sorsa
| honorific-suffix    =
| image               = Kalevi-Sorsa-1975 (cropped).jpg
| imagesize           =
| smallimage          =
| caption             = Sorsa in 1975.
| order               =
| office              = 34th [[Prime Minister of Finland]]<ref>((cite web
  |title=Governments in chronological order|url=http://valtioneuvosto.fi/en/government/history/governments-and-ministers/report/-/r/v2|publisher=Finnish government (Valtioneuvosto)|access-date=27 March 2017
))</ref>
| term_start          = 19 February 1982
| term_end            = 30 April 1987
| president           = [[Mauno Koivisto]]
| predecessor         = Mauno Koivisto
| successor           = [[Harri Holkeri]]
| deputy              = [[Ahti Pekkala]] <br />[[Paavo Väyrynen]]
| term_start2         = 15 May 1977
| term_end2           = 26 May 1979
| president2          = [[Urho Kekkonen]]
| predecessor2        = [[Martti Miettunen]]
| successor2          = Mauno Koivisto
| deputy2             = [[Johannes Virolainen]]
| term_start3         = 4 September 1972
| term_end3           = 13 June 1975
| president3          = Urho Kekkonen
| predecessor3        = [[Rafael Paasio]]
| successor3          = [[Keijo Liinamaa]]
| deputy3             = [[Ahti Karjalainen]]
| office4= [[Minister for Foreign Affairs (Finland)|Minister of Foreign Affairs]]
| term_start4= 30 April 1987
| term_end4= 31 January 1989
| primeminister4= [[Harri Holkeri]]
| predecessor4= [[Paavo Väyrynen]]
| successor4= [[Pertti Paasio]]
| term_start5= 30 November 1975
| term_end5= 29 September 1976
| primeminister5= [[Martti Miettunen]]
| predecessor5= [[Olavi J. Mattila]]
| successor5= [[Keijo Korhonen (politician)|Keijo Korhonen]]
| term_start6= 23 February 1972
| term_end6= 4 September 1972
| primeminister6= [[Rafael Paasio]]
| predecessor6= Olavi J. Mattila
| successor6= Ahti Karjalainen
| office7= [[Deputy Prime Minister of Finland]]
| term_start7= 30 April 1987
| term_end7= 31 January 1989
| primeminister7= Harri Holkeri
| predecessor7= Paavo Väyrynen
| successor7= Pertti Paasio
| term_start8= 30 November 1975
| term_end8= 29 September 1976
| primeminister8= Martti Miettunen
| predecessor8= Olavi J. Mattila
| successor8= Ahti Karjalainen
| birth_name= Taisto Kalevi Sorsa
| birth_date          = ((birth date|1930|12|21|df=y))
| birth_place         = [[Keuruu]], Finland
| death_date          = ((death date and age|2004|1|16|1930|12|21|df=y))
| death_place         = [[Helsinki]], Finland
| nationality         = [[Finnish people|Finnish]]
| party               = [[Social Democratic Party of Finland|Social Democratic]]
| spouse              = Elli Irene Fate
| relations           =
| children            =
| residence           =
| alma_mater          =
| occupation          =
| profession          =
| religion            =
| signature           =
| website             =
| footnotes           =
))
'''Taisto Kalevi Sorsa''' (21 December 1930 – 16 January 2004) was a [[Finland|Finnish]] politician who served as [[Prime Minister]] of Finland three times: 1972–1975, 1977–1979 and 1982–1987. At the time of his death he still held the record for most days of incumbency as prime minister.<ref>((cite web
 |url         = http://www.valtioneuvosto.fi/hakemisto/ministerikortisto/ministeritiedot.asp?nro=368
 |title       = Ministerikortisto
 |publisher   = Valtioneuvosto
 |url-status     = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20090503220701/http://www.valtioneuvosto.fi/hakemisto/ministerikortisto/ministeritiedot.asp?nro=368
 |archive-date = 2009-05-03
))</ref> He was also a long-time leader of the [[Social Democratic Party of Finland]].

== Early years ==
Taisto Kalevi Sorsa was born on 21 December 1930 in [[Keuruu]]. Sorsa's surname literally means "[[anatid]]" in Finnish.

Sorsa attended school in [[Jyväskylä]] and [[Lappeenranta]]. At the age of 18, Sorsa's involvement with the SDP started in Lappeenranta. Prior to his political career, Sorsa worked in Paris for [[UNESCO]] from 1959 to 1965 and served as Secretary-General of the Finnish UNESCO board from 1965 to 1969. In the late 1960s, he also served as an official in the Ministry of Education.

In 1969, he was brought in from relative obscurity by [[Rafael Paasio]], a former [[Prime Minister of Finland]], to assume the influential post of party secretary, despite not having much previous experience of national politics.

A 2008 book by historian Jukka Seppinen claimed that Sorsa was at this date already receiving support from Soviet backers in the [[KGB]].<ref>[https://www.is.fi/kotimaa/art-2000000145551.html ''Ilta Sanomat'', 23 October 2008, "The KGB prepared the way for Kalevi Sorsa in 1969".]</ref> However, other historians have disputed this, and while there was a list in a pro-Soviet newspaper of the candidates who should not be chosen as the party secretary, such as the right-wing social democrat [[Pekka J. Korvenheimo]], there is no proof that the Soviets would have at this point particularly supported Sorsa.<ref name=":0" />

==Prime Minister and Foreign Minister (1972–1989)==

[[File:Kalevi Sorsa.jpg|thumb|Kalevi Sorsa in January 1983, during his third and longest term as Prime Minister]]

===Sorsa and domestic politics===
Sorsa was a leading political figure during the presidencies of [[Kekkonen]] and [[Mauno Koivisto|Koivisto]].<ref name=ap >Matti Huuhtanen:[https://web.archive.org/web/20140611112932/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-90258815.html Finns hold state funeral for longest serving, Cold War prime minister] [[Associated Press]] 31 January 2004</ref> He served as the chairman of the Social Democratic Party from 1975 to 1987 and was [[Prime Minister of Finland]] in four cabinets for a total of ten years (1972–1975, 1977–1979, 1982–1983, 1983–1987). He remains Finland's longest-serving prime minister.

After his premiership he served as the Speaker of the Finnish Parliament from 1989 to 1991. During his career he also served twice as [[Deputy Prime Minister of Finland|Deputy Prime Minister]], from 1975 to 1976 and from 1987 to 1989.<ref>((cite web
 |url         = http://www.eduskunta.fi/triphome/bin/hx5000.sh?{hnro}=235&{kieli}=su&{haku}=kaikki
 |title       = Edustajamatrikkeli
 |publisher   = Eduskunta
 |url-status     = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20090503203728/http://www.eduskunta.fi/triphome/bin/hx5000.sh?%7Bhnro%7D=235&%7Bkieli%7D=su&%7Bhaku%7D=kaikki
 |archive-date = 2009-05-03
))</ref> From 1987 to 1996, Sorsa served on the governing board of the [[Bank of Finland]].<ref>((cite web|url=https://www.suomenpankki.fi/en/bank-of-finland/organization/board/board-members-in-the-history-of-the-bank-of-finland/
  |title=Board Members in the history of the Bank of Finland |publisher=Bank of Finland
))</ref><ref name=ap /> He was also known for his participation as the convener in the economic policy [[seminar]] at Hotel Korpilampi in [[Lahnus]], [[Espoo]], in September 1977.<ref>[http://hirvasnoro.blogspot.com/2007/05/jouko-kajanoja-suomen-knne-alkoi.html?m=1 Jouko Kajanoja: Suomen käänne alkoi Korpilammelta] (in Finnish)</ref><ref>[https://www.korpilampi.fi/en/korpilampi-40-year-anniversary/ Hotel Korpilampi Celebrates 40 Years Of Operations]</ref>

Sorsa is regarded as one of Finland's most influential prime ministers, making major contributions to schools and health care, and increasing social security for families with children and pensioners. His governments strengthened the welfare state in Finland, by enacting  many reforms—child care laws, longer maternity leave, the annual vacation benefit act, as well as the public health act.

In domestic politics, Sorsa had a particularly difficult relationship with [[Paavo Väyrynen]], the strong-willed head of the [[Center Party (Finland)|Center Party]]. Another notable conflict was his rivalry with young rising politician [[Paavo Lipponen]].

In June 1984, Sorsa gave a speech on "infocracy" (i.e. the power of the [[mass media]]) at the Social Democratic party convention. Infocracy challenges [[parliamentary system|parliamentary]] [[democracy]], is unintelligent and avoids discussing social problems, he said: it takes more interest in individual politicians than political issues and is never critical of its own actions.<ref>[https://yle.fi/aihe/artikkeli/2009/10/19/kun-sorsa-suuttui-ylelle Kun Sorsa suuttui Ylelle] ''Elävä arkisto''. [[Yle]]. 19 October 2009. Retrieved 13 July 2017.</ref>

===Sorsa and foreign affairs===
[[File:WillyBrandtPenttiVaananenKaleviSorsa.jpg|thumb|left|[[Willy Brandt]] visiting the Finnish Social Democratic Party leader Kalevi Sorsa in Finland in 1977]]
Three times Kalevi Sorsa served as [[Minister for Foreign Affairs (Finland)]]: in 1972; in 1975–1976; and from 1987 to 1989.<ref>((cite web |url=http://formin.finland.fi/public/?contentid=41366&contentlan=1&culture=fi-FI |title=Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland – Ministers of Foreign Affairs |publisher=Valtioneuvosto.fi |access-date=30 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716073918/http://formin.finland.fi/public/?contentid=41366&contentlan=1&culture=fi-FI |archive-date=16 July 2011 |url-status=dead ))</ref>

Sorsa supported the [[Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe]] after its creation in 1975, as well as projects to bridge the gap between the world's richest and poorest countries. In the 1970s, despite opposition from far-left parties, he championed a hard-won, free-trade agreement with the [[European Economic Community]] (EEC), which boosted ties between Finland and the countries of Western Europe.

Sorsa was also active in the international social democratic movement, and in the mid-1970s was elected vice-president of the [[Socialist International]].

In the late 1970s and in the 1980s the Socialist International had extensive contacts and discussion with the two leading powers of the Cold War period, the United States and the Soviet Union, on issues concerning East–West relations, arms control and Afghanistan.<ref>[https://bukovsky-archive.com/2016/07/08/1-february-1980-pb-1822/ Bukovsky Archives, CPSU Politburo "Information for Brandt and Sorsa about disarmament and Afghanistan", 1 February 1980* (Pb 182/2)].</ref> The Socialist International supported détente and disarmament agreements, such as SALT II, START and INF. They had several meetings and discussion in Washington, D.C., with President Jimmy Carter and Vice-President George Bush and with CPSU Secretaries General Leonid Brezhnev and Mikhail Gorbachev in Moscow. Sorsa led the Socialist International's delegations to these discussions.<ref>((cite book|last=Väänänen|first=Pentti|year=2012|title=Purppuraruusu ja samettinyrkki|edition=1st|language=fi|publisher=Kellastupa|pages=192–194|isbn=9789525787115)). [[Pentti Väänänen]] was secretary-general of the Socialist International, 1983–1989, and was earlier an adviser to Sorsa.</ref>

==Later years (1989–2004)==

In 1993, Sorsa sought to become the Social Democratic Party's presidential candidate, but in the primary elections, which were exceptionally and controversially open to all Finns regardless of their party membership, he lost to his challenger [[Martti Ahtisaari]], the Deputy Secretary-General of the United Nations from 1977 to 1981, who later also won the main presidential elections and went on to become the Finnish President. Although the social democratic primaries of 1993 have generally been seen as a disaster, as there was nobody to register the voters and people who were not even members of the party could vote multiple times at different voting posts, there was little criticism of the primary election arrangements after Ahtisaari had won. However, it is also likely that he would have won regardless of the way that the primaries were held.<ref name=":0">((Cite book |last=Meinander |first=Henrik |title=Kansakunnan kakkonen : Kalevi Sorsan poliittinen toiminta 1969–1993 |publisher=Otava |year=2022 |isbn=978-951-1-32704-2 |location=Helsinki |language=Finnish))</ref> Ahtisaari was supported by a small but significant group of Finnish politicians who had long been hostile to Kalevi: [[Erkki Tuomioja]], [[Lasse Lehtinen]] and [[Matti Ahde]].

===Later years===
Kalevi Sorsa continued to participate in discussions of social policy until the end of his life, his last column being published posthumously.

He died of cancer on 16 January 2004 at his home in Helsinki at the age of 73.<ref name=ap /> He was survived by his wife; the couple had no children.<ref name=ap />

The Kalevi Sorsa Foundation<ref>[http://sorsafoundation.fi/en/ The Kalevi Sorsa Foundation].</ref> is a social democratic [[think tank]], established in 2005 and named in his honour.

==As head of government and foreign ministry==
* [[Minister of Foreign Affairs (Finland)]], 1972
* [[Sorsa I Cabinet]], 1972–1975
* [[Minister of Foreign Affairs (Finland)]], 1975–1976
* [[Sorsa II Cabinet]], 1977–1979
* [[Sorsa III Cabinet]], 1982–1983
* [[Sorsa IV Cabinet]], 1983–1987
* [[Minister of Foreign Affairs (Finland)]], 1987–1989

== Honours ==
* Commander Grand Cross in the [[Order of the White Rose of Finland]]<ref name="Whos Who, 2004" >((Cite book
  |title=The International Who's Who
  |year=2004
  |publisher=Europa Publications
))</ref>
* Knight Grand Cross in the [[Order of Orange-Nassau]],<ref name="Whos Who, 2004" /> Netherlands
* Grand Cross in the [[Order of the Falcon]], Iceland<ref name="Whos Who, 2004" />
* Knight Grand Cross in the [[Order of the North Star]],<ref name="Whos Who, 2004" /> Sweden
* Grand Cross in the [[Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland]]<ref name="Whos Who, 2004" />
* Knight Grand Cross in the [[Order of the Dannebrog]],<ref name="Whos Who, 2004" /> Denmark
* Grand Cross in the [[National Order of Merit (France)|National Order of Merit]],<ref name="Whos Who, 2004" /> France
* Knight Grand Cross in the [[Order of Isabella the Catholic]],<ref name="Whos Who, 2004" /> Spain
* Grand Cross in the [[Order of the Southern Cross]],<ref name="Whos Who, 2004" /> Brazil

==See also==
* [[Politics of Finland]]
* [[Socialist International]]
* [[Minister of Foreign Affairs (Finland)]]
* [[Martti Ahtisaari]]

==References==
((Reflist|colwidth=35em))

== Further reading ==
* ((Forummag|title=Sorsa: Indexbindning kommer först i sista hand|author=|url=https://forum-mag.fi/sorsa-indexbindning-kommer-forst-i-sista-hand/|access-date=|date=1973-12-19|issue=1973-20|page=09–11|year=1973|language=sv-SE))
* ((Forummag|title=Statsföretagen under samma hatt – ”Och de ska vara lönsamma!”|author=Christian Sundgren|url=https://forum-mag.fi/statsforetagen-under-samma-hatt-och-de-ska-vara-lonsamma/|access-date=|date=1977-05-18|issue=1977-09|page=11–12|year=1977|language=sv-SE))

==External links==
* [http://sorsafoundation.fi/en/ Kalevi Sorsa Foundation]
* ((Find a Grave))
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|before=[[Martti Miettunen]]|after=[[Mauno Koivisto]]))
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|before=[[Mauno Koivisto]]|after=[[Harri Holkeri]]))
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((DEFAULTSORT:Sorsa, Kalevi))
[[Category:1930 births]]
[[Category:2004 deaths]]
[[Category:Burials at Hietaniemi Cemetery]]
[[Category:People from Keuruu]]
[[Category:Leaders of the Social Democratic Party of Finland]]
[[Category:Prime Ministers of Finland]]
[[Category:Deputy Prime Ministers of Finland]]
[[Category:Ministers for Foreign Affairs of Finland]]
[[Category:Speakers of the Parliament of Finland]]
[[Category:Members of the Parliament of Finland (1970–1972)]]
[[Category:Members of the Parliament of Finland (1972–1975)]]
[[Category:Members of the Parliament of Finland (1975–1979)]]
[[Category:Members of the Parliament of Finland (1979–1983)]]
[[Category:Members of the Parliament of Finland (1983–1987)]]
[[Category:Members of the Parliament of Finland (1987–1991)]]
[[Category:Central bankers]]

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