Kalhor (Kurdish: کەڵھوڕ / Kelhurr)[1] is a Kurdish tribe[2][3][4][5] and their dialect, "Kalhori", has been categorized as a branch of Southern Kurdish.[6][7]

History

The tribe is described as the most powerful tribe in the province of Kermanshah and the surrounding region, and also described as "one of the most ancient, if not the most ancient, of the tribes of Kurdistan".

The Kalhoris were mentioned by Sharaf-al-Din Bedlisi in the late 16th century,[8] according to whom, the chiefs of the Kalhor claimed to be descended from Giv, the son of Goudarz (q.v.), a major hero in the Shahnameh.[9]

Areas

Kalhor tribe populate cities and towns such as Qasr-e Shirin, Sarpol-e Zahab, Gilan-e Gharb, Eslamabad-e Gharb, Kermanshah, Eyvan, Zarneh and Sumar in Iran.[10][11] In Iraq, they mainly populate Khanaqin.[12]

See also

References

  1. ^ "نوێترین ئەلبوومی کەیھان کەڵھوڕ لە ئاستی جیھاندا بڵاودەکرێتەوە". 23 December 2020 (in Kurdish).
  2. ^ "Kalhor". Encyclopædia Iranica. KALHOR, a Kurdish tribe in the southernmost part of Persian Kurdistan
  3. ^ Potts, Daniel T. (2014). Nomadism in Iran: From Antiquity to the Modern Era. Oxford University Press. p. 352. ISBN 9780199330799.
  4. ^ Arjomand, Said Amir (1988). The Turban for the Crown: The Islamic Revolution in Iran. Oxford University Press. p. 56. ISBN 9780195042580. Furthermore, the Kalhor Kurds in the west, the Turkman tribes in the northeast and the Baluch in the southeast were showing clear signs of open insubordination
  5. ^ Hamzehʼee, M. Reza (1990). The Yaresan: a sociolgoical, historical and religio-historical study of a Kurdish community. K. Schwarz. p. 62. ISBN 9783922968832. The Kalhor (Kelhor) and Zangana (Zengene) Kurds, with the help of the Afshars, fought the invading army but were defeated.136 Therefore Nader Shah came to ...
  6. ^ "Kurdish, Southern". Ethologue.
  7. ^ "Kalhori of Kurdish, Southern (sdh)". MultiTree:A Digital Library of Language Relationships.[dead link]
  8. ^ I, pp. 317-19
  9. ^ Bedlisi, I, pp. 317-19
  10. ^ "Language distribution: Kermanshah Province". 2017. Retrieved 8 June 2022.
  11. ^ "Language distribution: Ilam Province". 2016. Retrieved 8 June 2022.
  12. ^ Chaman Ara, Behrooz; Amiri, Cyrus (12 March 2018). "Gurani: practical language or Kurdish literary idiom?". British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies. 45 (4): 627–643. doi:10.1080/13530194.2018.1430536. S2CID 148611170.
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