.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Lithuanian. (January 2022) Click [show] for important translation instructions. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. Consider adding a topic to this template: there are already 276 articles in the main category, and specifying|topic= will aid in categorization. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Lithuanian Wikipedia article at [[:lt:Kalvarija]]; see its history for attribution. You should also add the template ((Translated|lt|Kalvarija)) to the talk page. For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation.
Kalvarija
Town
Church in Kalvarija
Church in Kalvarija
Coat of arms of Kalvarija
Coat of arms
Kalvarija is located in Lithuania
Kalvarija
Kalvarija
Location of Kalvarija
Coordinates: 54°25′0″N 23°13′0″E / 54.41667°N 23.21667°E / 54.41667; 23.21667
Country Lithuania
Ethnographic regionSuvalkija
County Marijampolė County
MunicipalityKalvarija Municipality
EldershipKalvarija eldership
Capital ofKalvarija Municipality
Kalvarija eldership
First mentioned1667
Granted town rights1791
Population
 (2021)
 • Total3,971
Time zoneUTC+2 (EET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+3 (EEST)

Kalvarija (pronunciationⓘ) is a town in southwestern Lithuania, located in the Marijampolė County, close to the border with Poland.

Etymology and names

Variants of the name include Kalvarijos, Kalvariya, Kalwarja,[1] Kalvarye (Yiddish), Kalwaria (Polish), Kalvarien (German), Calvaria, Kalvaria, Kalwariya, and Kalwarya.[2] The town is named so because it was established in the 17th century as a shrine commemorating the crucifixion of Jesus.

History

Winter synagogue
Old synagogue from the 18th century

In 1705 the first wooden church was built. In 1713, local Jews received permission from King August II to build a synagogue and Jewish craftsmen were first permitted to practice their crafts without having to be members of the craft guilds. In 1791 Stanisław August Poniatowski recognized that Kalvarija had the right to call itself a town and confirmed the municipality's coat of arms. 1840 saw the construction of a new Catholic church, which still stands today. Kalvarija developed rapidly when the new St. Petersburg–Warsaw road was constructed toward the end of the 19th century. By the outbreak of World War I, Kalvarija had over 10,000 inhabitants; the destruction of two-thirds of the town during the war caused the population decline.

During World War II, Kalvarija was under German occupation from 22 June 1941 until 1 August 1944.[3] It was administered as a part of the Generalbezirk Litauen of Reichskommissariat Ostland. In 1941, a mass execution of 38 Jews of the city was perpetrated by Gestapo soldiers and Lithuanian policemen.[4]

International relations

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Lithuania

Twin towns — Sister cities

Kalvarija is twinned with:

See also

References

Notes
  1. ^ United States Board on Geographic Names - Kalvarija (54° 24' 00" N, 023° 14' 00" E). Accessed 2009-11-19.
  2. ^ "Kalvarija, Lithuania". Jewishgen.org. Retrieved 2009-11-19.
  3. ^ Освобождение городов
  4. ^ "Holocaust Atlas of Lithuania".

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kalvarija.
Marijampolė County
Authority control databases
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