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((Short description|Constituency of the USSR through 1940–1956))
((More citations needed|date=March 2009))
((Infobox country
| conventional_long_name = Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic
| native_name            = <div style="line-height:1.0em;">''Karjalas-Suomelaine sosialistine nevvostotazavaldu''<br />''Karjalais-suomalainen sosialistinen neuvostotasavalta''<br />Карело-Финская Советская Социалистическая Республика</div>
| common_name            = Karelo-Finnish SSR
| p1                     = Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic((!))Karelian ASSR
| flag_p1                = Flag of Karelian ASSR (1938-1940).svg
| p2                     = Finnish Democratic Republic
| flag_p2                = Flag of Finland.svg
| s1                     = Leningrad Oblast
| s2                     = Murmansk Oblast
| s3                     = Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic((!))Karelian ASSR
| flag_s3                = Flag of Karelian ASSR (1956-1978).svg
| image_flag             = Flag of the Karelo-Finnish SSR.svg
| flag_type              = [[Flag of the Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic|Flag]]<br />(1953–1956)
| image_coat             = Emblem of the Karelo-Finnish SSR.svg
| symbol_type            = [[Emblem of the Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic|Emblem]]<br>(1941–1956)
| image_map              = Soviet Union - Karelo-Finnish SSR (1940).svg
| image_map_caption      = Location of the Karelo-Finnish SSR (red) within the [[Soviet Union]] (1940 boundaries)
| national_motto         = ''[[Workers of the world, unite!|Kaikkien maiden proletaarit, liittykää yhteen!]]''<br />"Proletarians of all countries, unite!"
| national_anthem        = ''[[Anthem of the Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic|Karjalais-suomalaisen sosialistisen neuvostotasavallan hymni]]''<br />"Anthem of the Karelo-Finnish SSR"<br />(1945–1956)<br>[[File:Anthem of the Karelo-Finnish SSR - Karjalais-suomalainen SNT hymni-instrumental.ogg]]
| capital                = [[Petrozavodsk]]
| coordinates            = ((Coord))
| common_languages       = [[Karelian language|Karelian]], [[Finnish language|Finnish]], [[Russian language|Russian]]
| government_type        = [[Marxism-Leninism|Marxist-Leninist]] [[One-party state|one-party]] [[Socialist state|socialist]] [[Soviet republic (system of government)|soviet republic]]
| title_leader           = [[Communist Party of the Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic|First Secretary]]
| leader1                = [[Gennady Kupriyanov]]
| year_leader1           = 1940–1950
| leader2                = [[Aleksandr Kondakov]]
| year_leader2           = 1950
| leader3                = ((ill|Aleksandr Egorov (politician)|lt=Aleksandr Egorov|ru|Егоров, Александр Николаевич (советский политик)))
| year_leader3           = 1950–1955
| leader4                = [[Leonid Lubennikov]]
| year_leader4           = 1955–1956
| title_representative   = [[#Chairmen of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet|Head of State]]
| representative1        = [[Otto Wille Kuusinen]]
| year_representative1   = 1940–1956
| title_deputy           = ((nowrap|[[#Chairmen of the Council of People's Commissars|Head of Government]]))
| deputy1                = [[Pavel Prokkonen]]
| year_deputy1           = 1940–1947
| deputy2                = ((nowrap|((ill|Voldemar Virolainen|ru|Виролайнен, Вольдемар Матвеевич))))
| year_deputy2           = 1947–1950
| deputy3                = [[Pavel Prokkonen]]
| year_deputy3           = 1950–1956
| legislature            = [[Supreme Soviet of the Karelo-Finnish SSR]]
| era                    = ((nowrap|[[World War II]] / [[Cold War]]))
| event_start            = [[Republics of the Soviet Union|SSR]] established
| year_start             = 1940
| date_start             = 31 March
| event_end              = Demoted to [[Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics of the Soviet Union|ASSR]]
| year_end               = 1956
| date_end               = 16 July
| currency               = [[Soviet ruble]] (Rbl)
| currency_code          = SUR
| today                  = [[Russia]]
))
The '''Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic''' ('''Karelo-Finnish SSR'''),((efn|((bulleted list|((lang-fi|((audio|Fi-KarjalaisSuomalainenSosialistinenNeuvostotasavalta.wav|Karjalais-suomalainen sosialistinen neuvostotasavalta))))|((lang-rus|Каре́ло-Фи́нская Сове́тская Социалисти́ческая Респу́блика|r=Karelo-Finskaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika)))))) also called '''Soviet Karelia''' or simply known as '''Karelia''', was a [[republics of the Soviet Union|republic]] of the [[Soviet Union]]. It existed from 1940 until it was made part of the [[Russian SFSR]] in 1956 as the [[Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic]].  The latter became the [[Republic of Karelia]], a [[federal subjects of Russia|federal subject]] of [[Russia]], on 13 November 1991.

==History==
The Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic was established by the Soviet government on 31 March 1940 by merging the [[Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic|KASSR]] with the [[Finnish Democratic Republic]].  The latter was created in territory ceded by [[Finland]] in the [[Winter War]] by the [[Moscow Peace Treaty]], namely the [[Karelian Isthmus]] and [[Ladoga Karelia]], including the cities of [[Vyborg|Viipuri]] and [[Sortavala]].

Virtually the entire Karelian population of the ceded areas, about 422,000 people, [[Evacuation of Finnish Karelia|was evacuated]] to [[Finland]], and the territories were settled by peoples from other parts of the [[Soviet Union]].

Creating a new [[Republics of the Soviet Union|Republic of the Union]] for an ethnic group that was not large in absolute terms, nor constituted anything close to a majority in its territory, nor had been a separate independent nation before its incorporation into the USSR, was unprecedented in the [[history of the USSR]]. Some later historians believe that the elevation of Soviet Karelia from an [[Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic]] (within the [[RSFSR]]) to an SSR was a political move as a "convenient means for facilitating the possible incorporation of additional Finnish territory" (or, possibly, the whole of Finland) into the USSR.<ref name=Helin>((cite book|first=Ronald Arthur|last=Helin|title=Economic-geographic Reorientation in Western Finnish Karelia: A Result of the Finno-Soviet Boundary Demarcations of 1940 and 1944|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gy4rAAAAYAAJ|publisher=National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council|year=1961|pages=101))</ref><ref>''Memoirs of Nikita Khrushchev''. Edited by Sergeĭ Khrushchev. Published by Penn State Press, 2007. ((ISBN|0-271-02332-5)). Page 871 (biographic note on O. Kuusinen). [https://books.google.com/books?id=SaIkK868enQC On Google Books]</ref><ref name=Taagepera>((cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m-bF5dKgML4C |title=The Finno-Ugric Republics and the Russian State |first=Rein |last=Taagepera |publisher=C. Hurst & Co. Publishers |year=1999 |isbn=1-85065-293-7 |page=109))</ref>

[[File:Suomalais-karjalainen neuvostotasavalta.png|thumb|right|250px|((legend|DarkGreen|KASSR, 1938–40))((legend|Lime|Territories merged with the KASSR in 1940 to form the KFSSR))((legend|Magenta|Territories added to the KFSSR in 1940 but transferred to [[RSFSR]] in 1944, 1953 and 1955<ref>((cite web |url=http://alakurtti-admin.ru/city/history.php |title=История - Сельское поселение Алакуртти Кандалакшского района  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140315103347/http://alakurtti-admin.ru/city/history.php |archive-date=15 March 2014 |url-status=dead))</ref>))]]
In 1941, Finland retook the territory that it had lost in 1940 and [[Finnish military administration in Eastern Karelia|occupied]] most of the Karelian lands that had been within the USSR before 1940, including the capital [[Petrozavodsk]] (Petroskoi).<ref name=Taagepera/> In 1944, the Soviet Union recaptured the area. Soviet sovereignty was recognized by Finland in the [[Moscow Armistice]] and [[Paris Peace Treaties, 1947|Paris Peace Treaty]]. The Finnish Karelians were evacuated to Finland again.

In September 1944, the [[Karelian Isthmus]] with [[Vyborg]] (Viipuri) was transferred from the Karelo-Finnish SSR to the [[Leningrad Oblast]] of the RSFSR, but [[Ladoga Karelia]] remained a part of the republic.

On 16 July 1956, the republic was incorporated into the Russian SFSR as the Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. This move can perhaps be explained in the context of the general post-war [[Finlandization|improvement of Finno-Soviet relations]],<ref name=Helin/> which also included such steps as the Soviets' return of the [[Porkkala Naval Base]] leased territory to full Finnish sovereignty (January 1956), and leasing [[Maly Vysotsky Island]] and the Soviet section of the [[Saimaa Canal]] (conquered by the USSR in 1940 and 1944) back to Finland (1963).

The abolition of the Karelian SSR in 1956 was the only case in the history of the USSR (1922–1991) of merging a [[Republics of the Soviet Union|member republic]] of the USSR into another republic.  The [[state emblem of the Soviet Union]] had to be changed to reflect this, with one of the 16 ribbons symbolizing constituent republics (that in the Finnish language) removed. Soviet banknotes bearing the emblem were also changed accordingly.

In the last days of the USSR, the Karelian ASSR became the [[Republic of Karelia]], a subdivision of the [[Russia|Russian Federation]], on 13 November 1991.

==Politics==
The chairman of the Karelo-Finnish [[Supreme Soviet]] (1940–1956) was a Finnish communist [[Otto Wille Kuusinen]]. In the republic, there was also a separate [[Karelo-Finnish Communist Party]] led in the 1940s by G.N. Kupriyanov.

[[Yuri Andropov]] served for some years as the first secretary of the republic's [[Komsomol]] branch, the [[Leninist Communist Youth League of the Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic]].

===Chairmen of the Supreme Soviet===
{| class="wikitable"
! Name !! Period<ref>http://knowbysight/1_KAREL/03476.asp((Dead link|date=February 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes ))</ref>
|-
|[[Nikolai Sorokin (politician)|Nikolai Sorokin]] || 7 August, 1940 &ndash; 1947
|-
|[[Adolf Taimi]] || 15 April, 1947 &ndash; 1955
|-
|[[Johannes Sogijainen]] || 1955 &ndash; 1956
|}

===Chairmen of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet===
{| class="wikitable"
! Name !! Period
|-
|[[Mark Vasilyevich Gorbachev|Mark Gorbachev]]<br />(As head of the [[Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic|Karelian ASSR]])||31 March, 1940 &ndash; 11 July, 1940
|-
|[[Otto Wille Kuusinen]] ||11 July, 1940 &ndash; 16 July, 1956
|}

===Chairmen of the Council of People's Commissars===
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-10624-0003, Budapest, II. Weltfestspiele, sowjetische Musikgruppe.jpg|thumb|[[Kantele]] players from the KFSSR at the [[2nd World Festival of Youth and Students|Second World Festival of Youth and Students]], 1949]]
The Council of People's Commissars was renamed the Council of Ministers in 1946.
{|class="wikitable"
!Name !!Period
|-
|[[Pavel Prokkonen]] ||1940 &ndash; February 1947
|-
|[[Voldemar Virolainen]] ||February 1947 &ndash; 24 February, 1950
|-
|[[Pavel Prokkonen]] ||1950 &ndash; 16 July, 1956
|}

==See also==
*[[Winter War]]
*[[Karelia]]
*[[Karelia (historical province of Finland)]]
*[[Karelian question in Finnish politics]]
*[[Republics of the Soviet Union]]
*[[First Secretary of the Karelian Communist Party]]

==References==
((Reflist))
((notelist))

((Republics of the Soviet Union))
((Eastern Bloc))((Authority control))
((Use mdy dates|date=May 2016))

[[Category:Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic| ]]
[[Category:Former socialist republics]]
[[Category:Republics of the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:History of the Republic of Karelia]]
[[Category:Eastern Bloc]]
[[Category:History of Karelia]]
[[Category:1940s in Finland]]
[[Category:Winter War]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1940]]
[[Category:States and territories disestablished in 1956]]
[[Category:1940 establishments in the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:1956 disestablishments in the Soviet Union]]

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