Karl Francis Hettinger[1] (October 29, 1934 - May 4, 1994) was an American police officer of the Los Angeles Police Department from 1958 to 1963. Hettinger formerly served for the United States Marine Corps from 1952 to 1958 and served in the Korean War and Vietnam War. He was known for surviving the "Onion Field" incident, in which he and his partner, Officer Ian Campbell, were kidnapped on the night of March 9, 1963, by criminals Gregory Powell and Jimmy Lee Smith and taken to an onion field near Bakersfield, California where Officer Campbell was fatally shot.[2][3][4]

Hettinger's story is depicted in Joseph Wambaugh's 1973 nonfiction book, The Onion Field. The book was adapted into a 1979 feature film of the same name in which Hettinger was portrayed by John Savage.[5][6][7][8]

Biography

Hettinger was born in Los Angeles, California, to Francis and Elsie (Eberley) Hettinger.[9] He had two sisters, Miriam and Eunice. He was raised in Los Angeles.[10] He was married to Helen Beth Davis in Las Vegas, Nevada, on May 1, 1962; they had three children: Laurie, Kurt, and Christine.[11]

On the night of March 9, 1963, Hettinger and his partner, Ian Campbell, pulled over a vehicle driven by Powell and Smith. After both men got out of the vehicle, Powell disarmed Campbell and pointed a gun at his back. Smith and Powell held the officers hostage, and all four of them returned to the vehicle. Campbell was then forced to drive the four of them to an onion field near Bakersfield. When they arrived, the officers were ordered to step out into the field. Powell asked Campbell if he had ever heard of the Lindbergh Law. When Campbell replied, "Yes," Powell shot him. The killing occurred primarily because Powell assumed that the kidnapping of the officers alone already constituted a capital crime under the Lindbergh Law. However, Powell's interpretation was incorrect. Under the Lindbergh Law at that time, kidnapping became a capital crime only if victims were harmed or if a ransom was demanded. Today, kidnapping in California is punishable by life imprisonment, either with or without the possibility of parole, depending on the circumstances.[12]

Hettinger managed to escape to a farmhouse, where he called for help. Powell was arrested hours later, whereas Smith was arrested the next day.[13][14]

According to Pierce Brooks, the officer who investigated the crime, Hettinger suffered from survivor's guilt because of Campbell's death, describing it as a "tremendous guilt complex."[15] In addition, Hettinger was forced to visit squad rooms and publicly admit blame for his lack of courage at the onion field. His experience inspired the controversial "Hettinger Memorandum," whereby officers were admonished never to give up their weapons.[16] Depressed and finding it difficult to function, Hettinger was transferred to a less stressful job as a driver for the police chief. But after he began shoplifting, Hettinger was forced to resign from the police department.[17]

Joseph Wambaugh said of Hettinger after writing both the book and the film about the "Onion Field" incident, "Karl minded terribly, but I just exploited him. I used money as my weapon to get the story. I offered him money that, for the sake of his family, he couldn't refuse. I acted that way because I thought the story was more important than Karl Hettinger, more important than me -- that it was a story so important that I would have done almost anything to get it written."[18]

In 1985, Hettinger spoke for the first time about the incident: "I still get uneasy. I still can't sleep very well. I can still see their faces. I want to stop him (Powell) from getting back on the street. I know this man."[19] That same year, Hettinger strongly opposed parole for Powell.[20][21] Hettinger said, "I'm speaking as a victim. A very good friend of mine was murdered, and the same men tried to murder me. But the death penalty was not carried out. I don't think it's right. I've been quiet too long."[22]

In 1987, Hettinger was appointed by California Governor George Deukmejian to the Kern County Board of Supervisors until 1993.[23]

Hettinger died on May 4, 1994[24] at a hospital in Bakersfield. He was 59.[13] The cause of death was liver failure.[11]

References

  1. ^ Niemi, Robert (2013). Inspired by True Events: An Illustrated Guide to More Than 500 History-Based Films, 2nd Edition: An Illustrated Guide to More Than 500 History-Based Films. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 9781610691987. page 489
  2. ^ "Karl Hettinger; 'Onion Field' Officer, 59". The New York Times. 6 May 1994. Retrieved 19 May 2016.
  3. ^ "Karl Hettinger". The Blade (Toledo, Ohio). 5 May 1994. Retrieved 19 May 2016.
  4. ^ "Karl Hettinger, 'Onion Field' figure". The Telegraph (Nashua). 5 May 1994. Retrieved 19 May 2016.
  5. ^ Maslin, Janet (9 December 1979). "Movie's translation of book bogs down in details". Lawrence Journal-World. Retrieved 19 May 2016.
  6. ^ "A look at criminals can be too close up". The Sydney Morning Herald. 2 November 1980. Retrieved 19 May 2016.
  7. ^ Hazlett, Terry (4 December 1979). "Onion Field Gripping; Probable Oscar Contender". Observer–Reporter. Retrieved 19 May 2016.
  8. ^ Dresser, Norman (9 November 1979). "'Onion Field' Outstanding For Its Acting And Story". The Blade (Toledo, Ohio). Retrieved 19 May 2016.
  9. ^ Original data: State of California. California Birth Index, 1905-1995. Sacramento, CA, USA: State of California Department of Health Services, Center for Health Statistics.
  10. ^ Wambaugh, Joseph (2008). The Onion Field. Random House Publishing Group. ISBN 9780307489128.
  11. ^ a b Brooks Clark; Bill Hewitt; Kim Hubbard; Richard Jerome; Mark Lasswell; Shelley Levitt; J.D. Reed; Susan Schindehette (3 April 1995). "Bearing Witness". People. Retrieved 19 May 2016.
  12. ^ "CHAPTER 3. Kidnapping". California Legislative Information. Retrieved May 14, 2020.
  13. ^ a b Malnic, Eric (5 May 1994). "Karl Hettinger; Survived 1963 'Onion Field' Attack". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 19 May 2016.
  14. ^ "One of 2 Abducted Police Officers Is Shot to Death". The Spokesman-Review. 11 March 1963. Retrieved 19 May 2016.
  15. ^ Barton, Gene (18 July 1982). "Ex-detective rips court for 'Onion Field' reversal". The Bulletin. Retrieved 19 May 2016.
  16. ^ McCabe, Bruce (7 August 1994). "State governments are betting on gambling revenue". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved 19 May 2016.
  17. ^ "Newtown tragedy is a reminder that police, first responders also suffer PTSD Cory Franklin". The Guardian. 20 March 2013. Retrieved 19 May 2016.
  18. ^ Turan, Kenneth (14 October 1979). "The Onion Field Caper". The Washington Post. Retrieved 19 May 2016.
  19. ^ Skelton, Nancy (27 June 1985). "'Onion Field' Survivor Lashes Out at Bird, High Court". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 19 May 2016.
  20. ^ Bigham, Joe (27 June 1985). "SURVIVOR OF "ONION FIELD" CASE ASKS NO PAROLE FOR KILLER". Associated Press. Retrieved 19 May 2016.
  21. ^ "'Onion-Field' Killer Has Hearing". Observer-Reporter. 27 June 1985. Retrieved 19 May 2016.
  22. ^ "'Onion Field' victim calls for Bird ouster". Lodi News-Sentinel. 8 August 1985. Retrieved 19 May 2016.
  23. ^ "'Onion Field' Officer Gets Supervisor Post". Los Angeles Times. 19 March 1987. Retrieved 19 May 2016.
  24. ^ Nathan, Gabriel L. (2001). For a Tin Star: Honoring America's Slain and Living Police Officers. Turner Publishing Company. ISBN 9781563117183. page 97
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