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((Short description|German historical and landscape painter (1808–1880)))
((More citations needed|date=August 2021))
((Infobox artist
| name             = Karl Friedrich Lessing
| image            = Karl Friedrich Lessing by Overbeck.jpg
| image_size       = 200px
| alt              = 
| caption          = Karl Friedrich Lessing in a photograph by the firm G. & A. Overbeck (c. 1868)
| native_name      = 
| native_name_lang = 
| birth_name       = Karl Friedrich Lessing
| birth_date       = 15 February 1808
| birth_place      = [[Breslau]], Free State of [[Syców|Polnish-Wartenberg]] (now [[Wroclaw]], [[Poland]])
| death_date       = 4 January 1880
| death_place      = [[Karlsruhe]], [[German Empire]]
| resting_place    = 
| nationality      = German
| residence        = 
| education        = 
| alma_mater       = 
| known_for        = 
| notable_works    = 
| style            = 
| movement         =
| spouse           = 
| partner          = 
| awards           = 
| elected          = 
| patrons          = 
| memorials        = 
| website          = 
| module           = 
))

'''Karl Friedrich Lessing''' (15 February 1808, [[Breslau]] – 4 January 1880, [[Karlsruhe]]) was a German [[history painting|historical]] and [[landscape painter]], grandnephew of [[Gotthold Ephraim Lessing]]<ref>((cite journal|author=Atkinson, J. Beavington|title=German Painters of the Modern School. No. VIII.—Karl Friedrich Lessing|journal=The Art Journal|date=September 1865|pages=261–265|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015039330660;view=1up;seq=371))</ref> and one of the main exponents of the [[Düsseldorf school of painting]].

==Biography==
His father, also named Karl Friedrich Lessing (1778–1848), was a judicial officer in [[Wrocław]], from 1809 on the chancelor of the court of the [[Free State country]] of former Polnish-Wartenberg ([[Syców|Wartenberg]] in Poland). Lessing's mother, Clementine née Schwarz (1783–1821), was the daughter of a government Chancellor for the [[House of Hatzfeld]] in [[Trachenberg]]. His brother, [[Christian Friedrich Lessing|Christian Friedrich]], became a doctor and [[botanist]]. His sister, Franziska Maria (1818–1901), married the painter, ((ill|Emil Ebers|de)). He spent most of his childhood in [[Syców|Wartenberg]], where he developed an early love of nature.

After spending two years at a Catholic school in Breslau, his talent for drawing was noted by the artist, ((ill|Johann Heinrich Christoph König|de)) who, in 1822, arranged for him to study at the [[Bauakademie]] in Berlin. The following year, against his father's wishes, he decided to become a painter. He spent three years studying at the [[Prussian Academy of Arts]] with the landscape painters ((ill|Samuel Rösel|de)) and [[Heinrich Dähling]]. A successful showing in 1825, with the subsequent sale of the painting ''Kirchhof mit Leichensteinen und Ruinen im Schnee'' (Churchyard with Gravestones and Ruins in the Snow), reconciled his father to his chosen career. In 1826, he accompanied one of his instructors, [[Friedrich Wilhelm von Schadow]] to the [[Kunstakademie Düsseldorf]]. There, he became associated with the [[Düsseldorfer Malerschule]]. In 1827, he undertook further studies in landscape painting with [[Johann Wilhelm Schirmer]].
[[File:Die Gartenlaube (1878) b 117.jpg|thumb|left|185px|Lessing in 1878, from<br /> ''[[Die Gartenlaube]]'']]
[[File:Carl Friedrich Lessing.jpg|thumb|185px|Karl Friedrich Lessing;<br /> detail from a group portrait<br /> by [[Julius Hübner]] (1839)]]
In the first phase of his career, he painted dark and imaginative landscapes, after the style of [[Caspar David Friedrich]] with romantic motivs like castle ruins, left churchyards (''Klosterhof im Schnee'', 1829, Wallraf-Richartz-Museum, [[Cologne]]), or ragged rocks, with staffage figures of monchs, knights, robbers, or gypsies. Other subjects he drew from poetry (''Lenore'', 1802) or tales and legends like [[A King and Queen in Mourning]] (''Das trauernde Königspaar,'' 1830, [[Hermitage Museum]], St Petersburg, Russia) after [[Ludwig Uhland]]'s poem ''Das Schloß am Meere.'' Later, Schadow encouraged him to take up history painting and helped him obtain a commission from Count ((ill|Franz von Spee|de)) to paint  a cycle of [[fresco]]es depicting the life of [[Frederick Barbarossa]] at ((ill|Schloss Heltorf|de|lt=Heltorf Castle)) near [[Düsseldorf]], the so-called "Barbarossazyklus".<ref>((Cite web|last=Leuschner|first=Vera|title=Carl Friedrich Lessing|url=https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118640496.html#ndbcontent|access-date=19 February 2022|website=Deutsche Biographie))</ref> He completed part of a monumental representation of the [[Battle of Iconium (1190)|Battle of Iconium]], but decided that wall painting did not appeal to him, and allowed another artist at the project, [[Hermann Plüddemann]], to finish the fresco, from his sketches. 
His most renowned and influential work was [[The Hussite Sermon]] (''Die Hussitenpredigt,'' 1836) which had not been a historical subject as such until then, however allowed for a variety of references to contemporary history.<ref>((Cite book|last=Locher|first=Hubert|title=Deutsche Malerei im 19. Jahrhundert|publisher=WBG|year=2005|isbn=3-89678-530-3|location=Darmstadt|pages=77|language=German))</ref> The picture went on tour throughout Germany and France<ref>((Cite book|last=Locher|first=Hubert|title=Deutsche Malerei im 19. Jahrhundert|publisher=WBG|year=2005|isbn=3-89678-530-3|location=Darmstadt|pages=77|language=German))</ref> and was positively discussed, as, for instance, by [[Friedrich Theodor Vischer]] in his essay "Zustand der jetzigen Malerei" (1842).<ref>((Cite book|last=Wagner|first=Monika|title=Allegorie und Geschichte. Ausstattungsprogramme öffentlicher Gebäude des 19. Jahrhunderts in Deutschland|publisher=Ernst Wasmuth Verlag|year=1989|isbn=9783803019080|location=Tübingen|pages=16|language=German))</ref>

Lessing married Ida Heuser (1817–1880), daughter of the businessman, Heinrich Daniel Theodor Heuser (1767–1848), in 1841. Three of her sisters, [[Louise Wüste]], [[Adeline Jaeger]] and [[Alwine Schroedter]], were painters. They had several children, including the painters, ((ill|Heinrich Lessing|de|lt=Heinrich)) and ((ill|Konrad Lessing|de)), and the sculptor, [[Otto Lessing (sculptor)|Otto Lessing]]. His daughter, Bertha (1844–1914), married the actor, Karl Koberstein (1836–1899). The painter, Hans Koberstein (1864–1945), was their son.

In 1846, he was offered the position of Director at the [[Städelsches Kunstinstitut|Städelschen Kunstinstituts]] in [[Frankfurt am Main]], but declined. Later, in 1858, he accepted an appointment as Director at the [[Staatliche Kunsthalle Karlsruhe|Großherzoglich Badischen Gemäldegalerie]] in [[Karlsruhe]]. There, he resumed painting landscapes. In 1867, he received another offer, as Director of the Kunstakademie Düsseldorf, but chose to remain in Karlsruhe.

Over the course of his career, he was awarded several honors. In 1848, he was named a Professor by King [[Friedrich Wilhelm IV]], and was one of the first artists to receive the [[Pour le Mérite]] medal. He was also a member of the Prussian Academy and served as chairman of the progressive artists' association "[[Malkasten]]" (Paintbox).

During his last decade, he suffered several strokes, which left him unable to work. He died of one in 1880, at the age of seventy-two, and was buried in Karlsruhe's main cemetery, with a memorial designed by his son Otto. The cemetery was levelled in 1956.

==Selected paintings==
<gallery widths="200px" heights="200px" class="center">
File:Carl Friedrich Lessing Romantische Landschaft mit Klosteranlage.jpg|''Romantic Landscape with<br /> Monastery Complex'', 1834
File:Hussitenpredigt.jpg|''[[The Hussite Sermon]]'',<br /> depicting [[Hussites]]
File:Last Crusader.jpg|''The Last Crusader''
File:1839 Lessing Waldkapelle anagoria.JPG| ''Forest Chapel''
File:Karl Friedrich Lessing, German - The Robber and His Child - Google Art Project.jpg|''The Robber and His Child'' 
</gallery>

==References==
<references />
* ((NIE|wstitle=Lessing, Karl Friedrich))

==Further reading==
* [[Friedrich von Weech]]: ''Carl Friedrich Lessing.'' In: ''Badische Biographien'', Part III, G. Braun, Karlsruhe 1881, pp.&nbsp;76–81 ([http://digital.blb-karlsruhe.de/blbihd/periodical/pageview/165222 Online]).
* ((cite ADB|18|450|453|Lessing, Carl Friedrich|Moritz Blanckarts|ADB:Lessing, Carl Friedrich))
* [https://archive.org/stream/malerwerkedesne00boetgoog#page/n862/mode/2up ''Lessing, Karl Friedrich'']. In: Friedrich von Boetticher: ''Malerwerke des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts. Beitrag zur Kunstgeschichte'', Vol. I, Dresden 1895, pp.&nbsp;844 ff.
* ((NDB|14|348|349|Lessing, Carl Friedrich|Vera Leuschner|118640496))
* Martina Sitt (Ed.): ''Carl Friedrich Lessing. Romantiker und Rebell.'' Donat, Bremen 2000, ((ISBN|3-934836-04-6))

==External links==
((Commons category|Carl Friedrich Lessing|Karl Friedrich Lessing))
* ((DNB-Portal|118640496))

((Düsseldorf school of painting))
((Authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Lessing, Karl Friedrich))
[[Category:1808 births]]
[[Category:1880 deaths]]
[[Category:19th-century German painters]]
[[Category:19th-century German male artists]]
[[Category:19th-century painters of historical subjects]]
[[Category:German male painters]]
[[Category:Artists from the Province of Silesia]]
[[Category:Artists from Wrocław]]
[[Category:Prussian Academy of Arts alumni]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (civil class)]]
[[Category:Düsseldorf school of painting]]

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