Karl Johannes Germer
Born(1885-01-22)22 January 1885
Elberfeld, Germany
Died25 October 1962(1962-10-25) (aged 77)
West Point, California
NationalityAmerican
Known forFrater Superior of the Ordo Templi Orientis, 1947 - 1962

Karl Johannes Germer (22 January 1885 – 25 October 1962), also known as Frater Saturnus, was a German and American businessman and occultist. He served as the United States representative of Ordo Templi Orientis, and on the death of Aleister Crowley became his successor as the Outer Head of the Order (OHO) until his death in 1962.[1] He was born in Elberfeld, Germany and died in West Point, California.[2]

Early life

Germer studied in a university, worked as a military intelligence officer in the First World War and received first and second class Iron Crosses for his service.[3] In 1923 he sold his Vienna property and founded the publishing house Pansophia Verlag in Munich. Germer stayed with his first wife at the Abbey of Thelema from the beginning of January until February 1926.[4]

First visit to the United States: 1926–1935

In 1926, Germer got married for the second time and travelled to the United States, his wife being an American citizen. By 1927 Germer and his wife Cora Eaton were living in New York where Germer worked as a merchant of machinery. There, in his capacity of Grand Treasurer General of the O.T.O. Germer begun raising funds for the Order. Money was always a problem but Germer saw that Crowley must have it so that the work could go on and the books could be published. He raised funds for Crowley in one way or another, making donations of his own and contributing money from O.T.O members whom he could interest in donating it to the O.T.O.[5]

By 1930, Germer and his second wife travelled to Europe had stayed with Crowley for a short while to raise funds for the exhibition of Crowley's paintings in Germany. Germer wanted to help Crowley to be published, and help promote Crowley's philosophy of Thelema via Crowley's artwork and by the distribution of Crowley's publications. Since Germer had business experience, he did well at this, even though he often had insufficient funds.[6]

Holocaust and the aftermath: 1935–1940

Rise of Nazi Germany

Germer's US visa expired and he had to return to Germany in 1935. When Adolf Hitler came to power, Germer came under suspicion because of his association with Crowley and teaching Thelema in Germany. Martha Kuntzel, who enjoyed a high reputation in Germany amongst aristocrats, presented Hitler (of whom she thought highly before he came to power) with a copy of Liber AL, the Holy Book of Thelema. Kuntzel had been working for some years on translations of Crowley's works into German. Liber AL was known well enough in higher German circles after Kuntzel translated and introduced it to the German public. However, soon after the start of World War II, Hitler banned it in Germany, as well as many books on religion, qabala, astrology, esoteric studies and gematria.[7]

Since Hitler knew enough about Thelema to ban Liber AL in Germany, Germer became his enemy when his religious beliefs became known. On Hitler's orders, Germer was arrested by the Gestapo on 13 February 1935 in Leipzig and incarcerated.[8] He was first held at the Columbia-Haus prison in Berlin. There he was allowed to work a short time on an architect's office.[9]

Esterwegen concentration camp

Having seen too much of Hitler's brutality at Columbia-Haus, Germer wrote to his wife, Cora, about it. At around the same time, Cora contacted the American Consulate in Berlin who pleaded for Germer's return to the US as his wife was a US citizen. This was seen as a crime by the Nazis and they punished Germer even further, deporting him to the Esterwegen concentration camp on the Dutch Frontier where thousands of Hitler's so-called political enemies were deported by the Nazis.[10] Germer remained there for seven months, witnessing cruelties of various sorts on the Nazi side. His wife Cora now did not know where he was and could do nothing but return to America, where she again began her appeal to various US authorities. When they helped her to discover his location, she sent Germer a cable. Germer wrote a reply to her and it was read by the Nazis which resulted in Germer being placed in solitary confinement. He was no longer allowed to read and for six weeks, he never saw the day nor was allowed in the open air.[11]

Years in Belgium and France

At the end of August of that year Germer was temporarily freed from detention at Esterwegen. His defense being that he had been a Major in World War I on the German side and was also of pure German blood, and that the charges were too vague. Germer moved to Belgium where he took an apartment and started working as an exporter of heavy farm machinery in Brussels, making frequent trips to England and Ireland. This was with great difficulty as the war and Hitler's movements were making travel difficult. In Brussels, Germer had the means to store his personal belongings, his diaries and other things at a friend's house. Between 1939 and 1940 he wrote 223 pages of his autobiographical book "Protective Prisoner No 303" about his experiences in the concentration camp, which he wanted to publish. On 10 May 1940, when the Germans marched into Belgium Germer was again incarcerated.[12] As the Germans advanced, Germer was transferred to the French authorities who held him in a French concentration camp of Lévitan. He was later sent to Saint-Cyprien camp in the Pyrénées-Orientales where 90,000 Spanish refugees were interned in March 1939. It was officially closed on 19 December 1940 for "sanitary reasons". Its occupants, including Germer, were transferred to the Camp of Gurs where in October 1940 thousands of Jewish women, children, and the elderly, who had not gone to the Nazi concentration camps in Germany, were deported from the Baden region of Germany as per official Nazi policy which was overseen by Adolf Eichmann.[13]

Liberation and return to the United States

On 1 September 1941 a non-quota immigration visa had been obtained for Germer by his American wife. But French authorities made it almost impossible for Germer to obtain the permit quickly, despite all kinds of urgent steps undertaken by his wife and the American Ambassador and Consul. French authorities only gave him permission to go to Marseille to see the American Consul four months after the visa was granted. Upon release from the Nazi concentration camp in February 1941, Germer returned to the United States. Securing a job as a merchant of machinery upon his return to New York, Germer continued his fundraising activities for Crowley who appointed him his personal representative in the United States.[14]

Later life: 1941–1962

Grand Treasurer General of O.T.O.

Germer had seen that Crowley needed aid to finish his publishing work in his later years. In his capacity of Grand Treasurer General of Ordo Templi Orientis, Germer raised over $25,000 for publishing Crowley's works, as well as assisting with Crowley's personal support and maintenance. On 13 July 1942, Germer's wife Cora Eaton died of a heart attack. Two months later, on 23 September 1942, Germer married Vienna piano teacher Sascha Ernestine Andre. For many years, he and Sascha sent at least $200 monthly to Crowley, being Crowley's most devoted supporters of their time.[15]

O.H.O. of O.T.O.

In 1942, Crowley appointed Germer as his successor as the Outer Head of the Order (O.H.O.) of Ordo Templi Orientis and he fulfilled that position after Crowley's death in 1947.[16] Germer was also a special appointee of the Order with jurisdiction over Agape Lodge. Germer had had a lot of trouble getting reports from Agape Lodge and answers to his letters from Wilfred Talbot Smith, the lodge master. Instead, Germer kept in touch with Jane Wolfe, one of Agape Lodge's founding members. Through Wolfe he made acquaintance and good friendship of Phyllis Seckler. Their friendship began by correspondence when Seckler was in college.[17]

Crowley died on 1 December 1947. Germer then actively took up the role of Outer Head of the Order (O.H.O.). He started working on preservation of Crowley's literary remains and getting his books published. At the time of Crowley's death there were still many important manuscripts which were yet unpublished; Germer sent these to various publishers, seeing these works of Crowley into print for the first time.[18]

In 1953, Germer was introduced to Marcelo Motta and took him as his student in the A∴A∴[19]

Move to Southern California

In 1954, Germer retired from his job in New Jersey and moved to California on the advice of Jane Wolfe and her student Phyllis Seckler who were his confidants. After about 2 years he found a house in West Point, California where he set up a Head Office of the O.T.O and put together the Order's library containing Crowley works and O.T.O. files which later became a subject of a dispute due to Germer's will being lost or stolen after his death.[20]

In January 1957, Marcelo Motta visited Germer at his new headquarters in West Point and in early January 1957 Germer, Jane Wolfe and Motta visited Phyllis Seckler at Livermore, California. It was their last meeting before Germer died.[21]

Final years

In his letters Germer often mentioned his task in life was to support Crowley, and to do his best to publish Crowley's writings. He did not expect to die before accomplishing this task the way he envisaged it, and therefore did not name a successor in his will.[citation needed]

Death and estate

Germer died as a result of prostate cancer in late October 1962.[22] By 1962 the average rate of cancer among Holocaust survivors was nearly two and a half times the national average, while the average rate of colon cancer, attributed to the victims' experience of starvation and extreme stress, was nine times higher.[23]

The will Germer made to dispose of Crowley's literary remains kept at his estate provided that all of the Crowley materials should go to the Heads of the Ordo Templi Orientis. Sascha Germer and Frederick Mellinger of Swiss O.T.O. were appointed to act as executors of the will. All Germer's personal property was to be left to Sascha Germer.[24]

Personal life

Over the course of his life, Germer married and divorced three times; his late wife Sascha Germer was named as one of the executors of his will, in charge of his literary remains. He had no children.[25]

References

Citations

  1. ^ Melton, J. Gordon; Baumann, Martin (2010). Religions of the World, Second Edition: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices. ABC-CLIO. p. 2150. ISBN 978-1598842043.
  2. ^ Kracht, C., & Woodard, D., Five Years (Hanover: Wehrhahn Verlag, 2011), p. 185.
  3. ^ Kaczynski, Richard (2010). Perdurabo: The Life of Aleister Crowley (second edition). Berkeley, California: North Atlantic Books. ISBN 978-0-312-25243-4.
  4. ^ Kaczynski 2010, p. 423
  5. ^ In The Continuum III-4 1983, pp. 31.
  6. ^ Starr 2003, pp. 127.
  7. ^ In The Continuum IV 1989, pp. 44–45.
  8. ^ Starr, Bro. Martin P. (1995). "Aleister Crowley: freemason!". In Gilbert, Robert A. (ed.). ARS QUATUOR CORONATORUM. Transactions of Quatuor Coronati Lodge N. 2076 (vol. 108 ed.). Frome and London: Butler & Tanner Ltd. pp. 150–161. ISBN 0-907655-32-7. Retrieved 12 March 2008.
  9. ^ In The Continuum III-6 1984, p. 38.
  10. ^ Churton, Tobias (2011). Aleister Crowley: The Biography: Spiritual Revolutionary, Romantic Explorer, Occult Master and Spy. Duncan Baird Publishers. ISBN 978-1780281346.
  11. ^ In The Continuum III-6 1984, p. 39.
  12. ^ In The Continuum III-6 1984, pp. 30–40.
  13. ^ "Liste des internés transférés à Gurs". Archived from the original on 22 July 2011. Retrieved 13 April 2017.
  14. ^ In The Continuum III-6 1984, pp. 38–40.
  15. ^ In The Continuum II 1978, pp. 18–19.
  16. ^ Orpheus, Rodney (2009). "Gerald Gardner & Ordo Templi Orientis". Pentacle Magazine. No. 30. pp. 14–18. ISSN 1753-898X.
  17. ^ In The Continuum V-10 1996, pp. 5.
  18. ^ In The Continuum II 1978, pp. 5.
  19. ^ In The Continuum V-10 1996, pp. 40.
  20. ^ In The Continuum II 1978, pp. 8–9.
  21. ^ In The Continuum V-4 1993, pp. 42.
  22. ^ "GNOSTIC SAINT, KARL GERMER DIED 54 YEARS AGO". 4 April 2018. Retrieved 4 April 2019.
  23. ^ "CANCER RISK IS HIGHER FOR HOLOCAUST SURVIVORS, NEW STUDY SAYS". 4 April 2018. Retrieved 4 April 2019.
  24. ^ In The Continuum II 1978.
  25. ^ Shoemaker 2017, p. 56.

Works cited

  • Shoemaker, David (2017). Karl Germer: Selected letters. Temple of the Silver Star. ISBN 978-0-997668-65-0.
  • Seckler, Phyllis (2010). Rorac Johnson; Gregory Peters; David Shoemaker (eds.). The Thoth Tarot, Astrology & Other Selected Writings. Teitan Press & College of Thelema of Northern California. ISBN 978-0-933429-27-7.
  • Seckler, Phyllis (2012). Rorac Johnson; Gregory Peters; David Shoemaker (eds.). The Kabbalah, Magick, and Thelema. Selected Writings Volume II. Teitan Press & College of Thelema of Northern California. ISBN 978-0-933429-28-4.
  • Starr, Martin P. (2003). The Unknown God: W.T. Smith and the Thelemites. Bollingbrook, Illinois: Teitan Press. ISBN 978-0-933429-07-9.
  • In The Continuum II, College of Thelema (1978). ITC Vol. II, No. 2. California: College of Thelema Publishing.
  • In The Continuum III-4, College of Thelema (1983). ITC Vol. III, No. 4. California: College of Thelema Publishing.((cite book)): CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  • In The Continuum III-6, College of Thelema (1984). ITC Vol. III, No. 6. California: College of Thelema Publishing.((cite book)): CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

In The Continuum IV, College of Thelema (1989). ITC Vol. IV, No. 5. California: College of Thelema Publishing.

  • In The Continuum V-4, College of Thelema (1993). ITC Vol. V, No. 4. California: College of Thelema Publishing.((cite book)): CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  • In The Continuum V-10, College of Thelema (1996). ITC Vol. V, No. 10. California: College of Thelema Publishing.((cite book)): CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
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