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((short description|German Nazi Party politician))
((Refimprove|date=February 2016))
((Infobox officeholder
 | name               = Karl Holz 
 | image              = Bundesarchiv Bild 119-1516-01, Karl von Holz.jpg
 | image_size         = 
 | alt                = 
 | caption            = 
 | office             = ''[[Gauleiter]]'' of [[Gau Franconia]]
 | term_start         = December 1944
 | term_end           = 20 April 1945
 | predecessor        = Himself
 | successor          = ''Office abolished''
 | status2            = Acting ''Gauleiter'' of Gau Franconia
 | term_start2        = 4 April 1942 
 | term_end2          = December 1944
 | predecessor2       = [[Hans Zimmermann]]
 | successor2         = Himself
 | office3            = Deputy ''Gauleiter'' of Gau Franconia
 | term_start3        =  1 January 1934
 | term_end3          =  20 April 1940
 | predecessor3       = 
 | successor3         = 
 | birth_name      = 
 | birth_date      = ((Birth date|1895|12|27|df=y))
 | birth_place     = [[Nuremberg]], German Empire
 | death_date      = ((Death date and age|1945|04|20|1895|12|27|df=y))
 | death_place     = Nuremberg, Nazi Germany
 | death_cause     = 
 | resting_place   = 
 | resting_place_coordinates = 
 | citizenship     = 
 | nationality     = 
 | party           = [[Nazi Party]]
 | otherparty      = [[German Socialist Party]]
<!--Military service-->
 | nickname        = 
 | allegiance      = ((flag|German Empire))<br>((flag|Nazi Germany))
 | branch          = ((army|German Empire))<br>[[File:SA-Logo.svg|25px]] [[Sturmabteilung]]
 | serviceyears    = 1915–1918
 | rank            = ''[[Gruppenführer]]''
 | unit            = Reserve-Infanterie-Regiment 16<br>Infanterie-Regiment 144<br>Infanterie-Regiment 79<br>Jäger-Regiment 2
 | commands        = 
 | battles         = [[World War I]]
*[[Western Front (World War I)|Western Front]]((hr))
[[World War II]]
*[[Battle of Nuremberg (1945)|Battle of Nuremberg]]((KIA))
 | mawards         =  <!-- for military awards - appears as "Awards" if |awards= is not set -->
 | footnotes       = 
))

'''Karl Holz''' (27 December 1895 – 20 April 1945) was a German [[Nazi Party]] politician. He was ''[[Gauleiter]]'' of [[Gau Franconia]] and rose to the rank of ''[[Gruppenführer]]'' in the ''[[Sturmabteilung]]'' (SA).

==Early years==
He was born the fifth child of a [[Heliography|heliographer]], also named Karl Holz. He finished ''[[Volksschule]]'' and an [[apprenticeship]] as a [[sales]]man, working thereafter as a clerk. During [[World War I]], Holz served in a number of [[Prussian Army|Prussian]] units between 1915 and 1918: Reserve-Infanterie-Regiment 16, Infanterie-Regiment 144, Infanterie-Regiment 79, and Jäger-Regiment 2 on the Western Front. He sustained a number of wounds. After the war ended, he returned in September 1919 and took a job as an official in Nuremberg, but eventually was discharged due to his political activities. In 1920 he joined the German-Socialist Party (''Deutschsozialistische Partei''). In 1921 its chairman, [[Julius Streicher]] joined the [[Nazi Party]] (NSDAP), bringing with him enough members of the German-Socialist Party to almost double the size of the NSDAP overnight.((sfn|Evans|2003|p=188))((sfn|Rees|2017|p=23)) 

==Nazi career==
Holz officially joined the Nazi Party on 11 November 1922 and his membership number was 77. Holz also joined the ''[[Sturmabteilung]]'' (SA).
Quite early on, Holz established a close relationship with Streicher. In 1924, Holz was elected to the Nuremberg City Council, serving till 1932 and eventually serving as leader of the Nazi faction. Between 1927 and 1933, he held the post of [[editing|editor]] of ''[[Der Stürmer]]'', Streicher's [[Anti-Semitism|anti-Semitic]] weekly [[newspaper]]. He advanced to editor-in-chief during the years 1933 and 1938.((sfn|Miller|Schulz|2012|p=530)) Holz boasted many penalties for political crimes (by his own count 17, and among those 5 prison sentences). In 1929, the ''Gauleiter'' office in [[Upper Franconia]], went to the [[Bayreuth]] ''[[Kreisleiter]]'' [[Hans Schemm]], despite Streicher's support for Holz. In 1932 Holz was elected to the Bavarian [[Landtag]] and in November 1933 he was elected to the ''[[Reichstag (Nazi Germany)|Reichstag]]''. Also from 1933 to July 1934 Holz served as NSDAP ''Kreisleiter'' of Nuremberg City.((sfn|Miller|Schulz|2012|p=531))

As of 1 January 1934, Holz became Deputy ''Gauleiter'' to Streicher in [[Gau Franconia]]. In November he was promoted to the rank of SA-''[[Brigadeführer]]''. However, on 20 April 1940, in connection with the Streicher irregularities involving the [[Aryanization (Nazism)|Aryanization]] of [[Jew]]ish assets, Holz was temporarily stripped of all his offices. 

==World War II==
He was called up for military service with  Panzer Regiment 25 and saw combat in France, being severely wounded in June 1940. He also served in the Russian campaign the next year.((sfn|Miller|Schulz|2012|pp=532–533)) 

On 4 April 1942, he was returned to party service, becoming the Acting ''Gauleiter'' in Franconia, in succession to [[Hans Zimmermann]]. On 9 November 1942, he was promoted to the rank of SA-''[[Gruppenführer]]''. On 16 November 1942, he was appointed the [[Reich Defense Commissioner]] for his Gau.<ref>((cite web |url=http://verwaltungshandbuch.bayerische-landesbibliothek-online.de/holz-karl|title=Holz, Karl|date= |website=verwaltungshandbuch.bayerische-landesbibliothek-online.de |publisher=[[Bayerische Landesbibliothek]]|access-date= 1 August 2020|language=German|trans-title=))</ref> Finally, in December 1944, Hitler appointed Holz as the permanent ''Gauleiter'' for Franconia.((sfn|Miller|Schulz|2012|p=533))  

Holz led the defense of Nuremberg with ''[[Wehrmacht]]'' and ''[[Volksturm]]'' troops. After [[United States|American]] troops of the [[3rd Infantry Division (United States)|3rd Infantry Division]] had [[Battle of Nuremberg (1945)|all but taken Nuremberg]] on 18 April 1945, Holz barricaded himself in the ''Palmenhofbunker'' at the Nuremberg Police Presidium along with a small group, among whom was the city's mayor, Willy Liebel. It has been assumed that Holz shot Liebel in the ''Palmenhofbunker'' owing to the latter's efforts to surrender the city to put a stop to the fighting, and because of the longstanding rivalry between the two men over control of the local Nuremberg Nazi Party. Holz met his own end in the same place on 20 April – coincidentally Hitler's birthday – but whether it was [[suicide]] or an injury sustained in the battle is unknown.<ref>((cite web |url=http://verwaltungshandbuch.bayerische-landesbibliothek-online.de/holz-karl|title=Holz, Karl|date= |website=verwaltungshandbuch.bayerische-landesbibliothek-online.de |publisher=[[Bayerische Landesbibliothek]]|access-date= 20 April 2016|language=German|trans-title=))</ref>

==References==
((Reflist))

==Sources==
*((cite book | last = Evans | first = Richard J. | author-link = Richard J. Evans | title = [[The Coming of the Third Reich]] | location = New York | publisher = Penguin | year = 2003 | isbn = 0-14-303469-3 ))
*((cite book | last=Fest | first=Joachim | year=1974 | title=Hitler | place=New York | publisher=Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Inc. | isbn=0-15-141650-8 | url-access=registration | url=https://archive.org/details/hitler00joac ))
*((cite book |first1=Michael D. |last1=Miller |first2=Andreas |last2=Schulz |title=Gauleiter: The Regional Leaders of the Nazi Party and Their Deputies, 1925-1945 | volume= I (Herbert Albrecht – H. Wilhelm Huttmann) |publisher= R. James Bender Publishing |year= 2012 |isbn=978-1-932970-21-0 ))
*((cite book | last = Rees | first = Laurence | title = The Holocaust: A New History | place = New York | publisher = PublicAffairs | year = 2017 | isbn = 978-1-61039-844-2 ))

((Nazi leaders of Bavaria))
((The Holocaust))

((Authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Holz, Karl))
[[Category:1895 births]]
[[Category:1945 deaths]]
[[Category:Gauleiters]]
[[Category:Sturmabteilung officers]]
[[Category:Politicians from Nuremberg]]
[[Category:Politicians from the Kingdom of Bavaria]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Iron Cross (1939), 2nd class]]
[[Category:Members of the Reichstag of Nazi Germany]]
[[Category:Prussian Army personnel]]
[[Category:German Army personnel of World War I]]
[[Category:Nazi propagandists]]
[[Category:Recipients of the German Order (decoration)]]
[[Category:German military personnel killed in World War II]]

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