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((Distinguish|Kashima, Saga))
((More citations needed|date=December 2015))
((Infobox settlement
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->
| name                    = Kashima
| official_name           = 
| native_name             = ((nobold|((lang|ja|鹿嶋市))))   
| native_name_lang        = ja
| settlement_type         = [[Cities of Japan|City]]
<!-- images, nickname, motto -->
| image_skyline           = Ibaraki-Kashima-City-Office.JPG
| imagesize               = 
| image_alt               = 
| image_caption           = Kashima city hall
| image_flag              = Flag of Kashima, Ibaraki.svg
| flag_alt                = 
| image_seal              = Emblem of Kashima, Ibaraki.svg
| seal_alt                = 
| image_shield            = 
| shield_alt              = 
| image_blank_emblem      = 
| nickname                = 
| motto                   = 
<!-- maps and coordinates -->
| image_map               = Kashima in Ibaraki Prefecture Ja.svg
| map_alt                 = 
| map_caption             = Location of Kashima in Ibaraki Prefecture
| pushpin_map             = Japan
| pushpin_label_position  = <!-- position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none -->
| pushpin_map_alt         = 
| pushpin_map_caption     = &nbsp;
| coordinates             = ((coord|35|57|56.3|N|140|38|41.4|E|region:JP|display=inline,title))
| coor_pinpoint           = <!-- to specify exact location of coordinates (was coor_type) -->
| coordinates_footnotes   = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
<!-- location -->
| subdivision_type        = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name        = [[Japan]]
| subdivision_type1       = [[List of regions of Japan|Region]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[Kantō region|Kantō]]
| subdivision_type2       = [[Prefectures of Japan|Prefecture]]
| subdivision_name2       = [[Ibaraki Prefecture|Ibaraki]]
| subdivision_type3       = 
| subdivision_name3       = 
<!-- established -->
| established_title  = First official recorded
| established_date   = 660 BC 
| established_title2 = Town settled
| established_date2  = April 1, 1889
| established_title3 = City settled
| established_date3  = September 1, 1995
| founder                 = 
| named_for               = 
<!-- seat, smaller parts -->
| seat_type               = <!-- defaults to: Seat -->
| seat                    = 
<!-- government type, leaders -->
| government_footnotes    = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| leader_party            = 
| leader_title            = Mayor
| leader_name             = [[:ja:田口伸一|Shinichi Taguchi]] (from April 2022)
| leader_title1           = 
| leader_name1            = <!-- etc., up to leader_title4 / leader_name4 -->
<!-- display settings  -->
| total_type              = <!-- to set a non-standard label for total area and population rows -->
| unit_pref               = <!-- enter: Imperial, to display imperial before metric -->
<!-- area -->
| area_magnitude          = <!-- use only to set a special wikilink -->
| area_footnotes          = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| area_total_km2          = 106.02
| area_land_km2           = 
| area_water_km2          = 
| area_water_percent      = 
| area_note               = 
<!-- elevation -->
| elevation_footnotes     = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| elevation_m             = 
<!-- population -->
| population_footnotes    = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| population_total        = 66,098
| population_as_of        = July 2022
| population_density_km2  = auto
| population_est          = 
| pop_est_as_of           = 
| population_demonym      = <!-- demonym, ie. Liverpudlian for someone from Liverpool -->
| population_note         = 
<!-- time zone(s) -->
| timezone1               = [[Japan Standard Time]]
| utc_offset1             = +9
| timezone1_DST           = 
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<!-- postal codes, area code -->
| postal_code_type        = 
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| area_code_type          = <!-- defaults to: Area code(s) -->
| area_code               = 
<!-- blank fields (section 1) -->
| blank_name_sec1         = Phone&nbsp;number
| blank_info_sec1         = 0299-82-2911
| blank1_name_sec1        = Address
| blank1_info_sec1      =  1187-1 Hirai, Kashima-shi, Ibaraki-ken 314-8655
<!-- blank fields (section 2) -->
| blank_name_sec2        = [[Köppen climate classification|Climate]]
| blank_info_sec2        = [[Humid subtropical climate|Cfa]]
<!-- website, footnotes -->
| website                 = ((official|1=http://www.city.kashima.ibaraki.jp/))
| footnotes               =  
| module = ((Infobox place symbols| embedded=yes
 | tree = [[Pine]]
 | flower = [[Rosa rugosa]]
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))
))

((Nihongo|'''Kashima'''|鹿嶋市|Kashima-shi)) is a [[Cities of Japan|city]] located in [[Ibaraki Prefecture]], [[Japan]]. ((As of|2020|07|01)), the city had an estimated [[population]] of 67,197 in 28,873 households and a [[population density]] of 634 persons per km<sup>2</sup>. The percentage of the population aged over 65 was 31.5%.<ref name="Ibaraki-hp">((cite web |url=https://www.pref.ibaraki.jp/kikaku/tokei/fukyu/tokei/sugata/local/kashima.html |title= Ibaraki prefectural official statistics|location= Japan|language= ja))</ref> The total area of the city is ((convert|106.02|sqkm|sqmi)). Kashima is the home of the [[J. League]]'s [[Kashima Antlers]]. Its home field, [[Kashima Soccer Stadium]], was used as a site during the [[2002 FIFA World Cup]]. The city is also the site of the [[Kashima Shrine]],  one of the oldest  [[Shinto shrine]]s in eastern Japan, and considered the birthplace of many influential styles of Japanese swordsmanship (''[[Kenjutsu]]'').

==Geography==
Kashima is located in southeastern Ibaraki Prefecture, bordered by the [[Pacific Ocean]] to the east and [[Lake Kitaura]] ([[Lake Kasumigaura]]) to the west, with a width of less than 10 kilometers from east-to-west. It is approximately 110 kilometers to the northeast of Tokyo.

===Surrounding municipalities===
Ibaraki Prefecture
* [[Itako, Ibaraki|Itako]]
* [[Kamisu, Ibaraki|Kamisu]]
*[[Namegata, Ibaraki|Namegata]]
*[[Hokota, Ibaraki|Hokota]]

===Climate===
Kashima has a [[Humid continental climate]] (Köppen ''Cfa'') characterized by warm summers and cool winters with light snowfall.  The average annual temperature in Kashima is ((cvt|15.0|C)). The average annual rainfall is ((cvt|1581.9|mm)) with October as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around ((cvt|25.6|C)), and lowest in January, at around ((cvt|4.7|C)).<ref name=normals/>
((Weather box
|width= auto
|collapsed = Y
|single line = Y
|metric first = Y
|location = Kashima (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1978−present)
|Jan record high C = 19.3
|Feb record high C = 23.6
|Mar record high C = 24.3
|Apr record high C = 29.4
|May record high C = 32.6
|Jun record high C = 33.6
|Jul record high C = 36.6
|Aug record high C = 36.1
|Sep record high C = 36.4
|Oct record high C = 32.8
|Nov record high C = 25.6
|Dec record high C = 23.8
|Jan record low C = -5.8
|Feb record low C = -6.0
|Mar record low C = -3.7
|Apr record low C = -0.7
|May record low C = 5.1
|Jun record low C = 9.8
|Jul record low C = 13.8
|Aug record low C = 15.8
|Sep record low C = 10.5
|Oct record low C = 4.7
|Nov record low C = 0.7
|Dec record low C = -3.8
|Jan high C = 9.4
|Feb high C = 9.9
|Mar high C = 12.8
|Apr high C = 17.5
|May high C = 21.7
|Jun high C = 24.2
|Jul high C = 28.3
|Aug high C = 29.9
|Sep high C = 26.3
|Oct high C = 21.3
|Nov high C = 16.6
|Dec high C = 11.8
|Jan mean C = 4.7
|Feb mean C = 5.4
|Mar mean C = 8.5
|Apr mean C = 13.1
|May mean C = 17.3
|Jun mean C = 20.3
|Jul mean C = 24.1
|Aug mean C = 25.6
|Sep mean C = 22.7
|Oct mean C = 17.9
|Nov mean C = 12.5
|Dec mean C = 7.2
|Jan low C = 0.3
|Feb low C = 1.0
|Mar low C = 4.2
|Apr low C = 9.0
|May low C = 13.6
|Jun low C = 17.3
|Jul low C = 21.0
|Aug low C = 22.7
|Sep low C = 19.9
|Oct low C = 14.7
|Nov low C = 8.5
|Dec low C = 2.9
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 88.2
|Feb precipitation mm = 72.1
|Mar precipitation mm = 129.8
|Apr precipitation mm = 123.3
|May precipitation mm = 132.7
|Jun precipitation mm = 145.4
|Jul precipitation mm = 134.8
|Aug precipitation mm = 102.3
|Sep precipitation mm = 210.9
|Oct precipitation mm = 273.7
|Nov precipitation mm = 105.8
|Dec precipitation mm = 66.6
|year precipitation mm = 1581.9
|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 6.7
|Feb precipitation days = 7.3
|Mar precipitation days = 11.2
|Apr precipitation days = 10.7
|May precipitation days = 10.7
|Jun precipitation days = 11.6
|Jul precipitation days = 10.1
|Aug precipitation days = 7.3
|Sep precipitation days = 11.4
|Oct precipitation days = 11.8
|Nov precipitation days = 8.5
|Dec precipitation days = 6.7
|Jan sun = 189.5
|Feb sun = 173.3
|Mar sun = 176.6
|Apr sun = 187.4
|May sun = 184.2
|Jun sun = 140.1
|Jul sun = 165.9
|Aug sun = 204.3
|Sep sun = 149.5
|Oct sun = 136.8
|Nov sun = 145.2
|Dec sun = 168.1
|year sun = 2020.8
|source 1 = [[Japan Meteorological Agency]]<ref>((cite web
| url = https://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/view/rank_a.php?prec_no=40&block_no=0325&year=&month=&day=&view=h0
|script-title=ja:観測史上1～10位の値（年間を通じての値）
| publisher = [[Japan Meteorological Agency|JMA]]
| access-date = March 31, 2022))</ref><ref name=normals>((cite web
| url = https://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/view/nml_amd_ym.php?prec_no=40&block_no=0325&year=&month=&day=&view=h0
|script-title=ja:気象庁 / 平年値（年・月ごとの値） 
| publisher = [[Japan Meteorological Agency|JMA]]
| access-date = March 31, 2022))</ref>))

==Demographics==
Per Japanese census data,<ref>[https://www.citypopulation.de/php/japan-ibaraki.php Kashima population statistics]</ref> the population of Kashima has recently plateaued after a long period of growth.

((Historical populations
| 1920 | 18,922
| 1930 | 20,284
| 1940 | 21,701
| 1950 | 27,481
| 1960 | 26,811
| 1970 | 34,700
| 1980 | 51,355
| 1990 | 59,092
| 2000 | 62,287
| 2010 | 66,093
| 2020 | 66,950
|align       = none
| footnote = 
))

==History==
Kashima was developed from the [[Nara period]] together with the ''[[ichinomiya]]'' of [[Hitachi Province]], [[Kashima Shrine]]. After the [[Meiji Restoration]], the town of Kashima was established with the creation of the modern municipalities system on April 1, 1889 within Kashima District. In 1954, Kashima annexed with the neighboring villages of Takamatsu, Toyosu, Toyosato and Namino. Kashima merged with the village of Ono on September 1, 1995 and was elevated to city status.

==Government==
Kashima has a [[mayor-council]] form of government with a directly elected mayor and a [[unicameral]] city council of 20 members. Kashima contributes one member to the Ibaraki Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the city is part of [[Ibaraki 2nd district]] of the [[House of Representatives of Japan|lower house]] of the [[Diet of Japan]].

==Economy==
Kashima is the central city of the Kashima Industrial Zone, and it has a large [[industrial park]] with about 1500 factories, especially [[petrochemical]] and [[steel]] plants. The Japanese government created this zone in 1963, and the development was mostly completed in 1973. Agriculture and [[commercial fishing]] also play a part in the local economy.

==Education==
Kashima has 12 public elementary schools and five public middle schools operated by the city government, and one public high school operated by the Ibaraki Prefectural Board of Education. There are also one private middle school and two private high schools.

*[[Seishin Gakuen Women's Junior College]] (1984–2003)

==Sports==
[[Kashima Antlers]] is the local [[J. League]] football club.

==Transportation==
===Railway===
[[File:JR logo (east).svg|20px]] [[JR East]] – [[Kashima Line]]
* ((STN|Kashimajingū)) -  ((STN|Kashima Soccer Stadium))
[[File:KRT logo.png|20px]] -  [[Kashima Rinkai Railway]] [[Ōarai Kashima Line]]
* ((STN|Kashimanada)) - ((STN|Kashima-Ōno)) - ((STN|Chōjagahamashiosaihamanasukōenmae)) - ((STN|Kōyadai)) - ((STN|Kashima Soccer Stadium)) - ((STN|Kashimajingū))

===Highway===
* ((jct|country=JPN|Route|51))
* ((jct|country=JPN|Route|124))

===Seaport===
*[[Port of Kashima]]

==Sister city relations==
*((flagicon|ROK)) – [[Seogwipo]], [[Jeju Province]], [[Republic of Korea]], since November 2003<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.peace.jeju.kr/eng/html/sub2/sub2_5.htm|title=Status of Jeju Special Self-Governing Province Sister City|date=December 2009|work=Island of World Peace, Jeju|publisher=Jeju Self-Governing Province|language=en|access-date=7 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160203230905/http://www.peace.jeju.kr/eng/html/sub2/sub2_5.htm|archive-date=3 February 2016|url-status=dead))</ref>
*((flagicon|China)) – [[Yancheng]], [[Jiangsu Province]], [[China]], since November 2008<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.js.gov.cn/JSGOVEN08/08jsgov_sistercity/200806/t20080604_315730.html|title=Yancheng|year=2005|work=Welcome to Jiangsu China|publisher=Jiangsu Provincial government official site|language=en|access-date=7 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304082412/http://www.js.gov.cn/JSGOVEN08/08jsgov_sistercity/200806/t20080604_315730.html|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=dead))</ref>

==Local attractions==
*[[Kashima Shrine]]
[[File: Kashima-jingu romon gate.jpg|300px|Kashima Shrine]]

== Notable people from Kashima ==
*[[Tsukahara Bokuden]], swordsman
*[[Harumi Hanayagi]], actress
*[[Ryuta Sasaki]], former professional soccer player
*[[Hitoshi Sogahata]], professional soccer player
*[[Yuichi Nemoto]], former professional soccer player
*[[Yasutaka Nomoto]], professional soccer player
*[[Juri Takahashi]], singer, dancer, [[K-pop idol]] and former [[Japanese idol|J-pop idol]], member of [[K-pop]] [[girlgroup]] [[Rocket Punch]]

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Kamisu Ibaraki.JPG|Port of Kashima with [[Kamisu, Ibaraki|Kamisu]] in the foreground
File:Kashima Soccer Stadium 1.jpg|[[Kashima Soccer Stadium]]
File:Kashima Shrine main torii at dusk - sept 22 2015.jpg|The [[Torii]] Gate at the entrance of [[Kashima Shrine]]
File:Monument for Kashima Antlers near Kashima Shrine.JPG|Monument for Kashima Antlers near Kashima Shrine
</gallery>

==References==
((Reflist))

==External links==
((Commons category))
*[http://www.city.kashima.ibaraki.jp/ Official Website] ((in lang|ja))

((Ibaraki))
((Authority control))

[[Category:Kashima, Ibaraki| ]]
[[Category:Cities in Ibaraki Prefecture]]
[[Category:Port settlements in Japan]]
[[Category:Populated coastal places in Japan]]

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Module:Math (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/ambox.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbox (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/configuration (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Nihongo (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Ns has subpages (view source) (protected)
Module:Official website (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/disambiguation (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/setindex (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/softredirect (view source) (protected)
Module:Plain text (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Redirect (view source) (protected)
Module:Road data/extra (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Road data/parser (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Road data/parser/hooks (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Road data/strings/ASIA (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Road data/strings/JPN (view source) (extended confirmed protected)
Module:Road data/util (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:SDcat (view source) (protected)
Module:Settlement short description (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Side box (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Side box/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:String (view source) (protected)
Module:TableTools (view source) (protected)
Module:Text (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:URL (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Unicode data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Unicode data/scripts (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Unsubst (view source) (protected)
Module:Weather box (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Weather box/colors (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Weather box/row (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:WikidataIB (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:WikidataIB/nolinks (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:WikidataIB/titleformats (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Wikitext Parsing (view source) (protected)
Module:Yesno (view source) (protected)

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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashima,_Ibaraki"