Kaya (IPA: [kaˈja]) is a common last name in Turkic countries and means rock in Turkish.

• Ahmet Kaya (1957-2000), Kurdish singer from turkey
• Ali Kaya (athlete) (born Stanley Kiprotich Mukche in 1994), Kenyan-Turkish long-distance runner
• Ali Kaya (serial killer) (born 1979), Turkish serial killer
• Aykut Kaya (born 1990), Turkish karateka
• Belkıs Zehra Kaya (born 1984), Turkish female judoka
• Cansu Nur Kaya (born 2000), Turkish women's footballer
• Enes Kaya (born 1984), Turkish television personality
• Fatma Koşer Kaya (born 1968), Dutch female politician of Turkish descent
• Fırat Kaya (born 1995), Germany-born Turkish deaf footballer
• Hazal Kaya (born 1990), Turkish actress
• İpek Kaya (born 1994), Turkish-French women's footballer
• Kıvılcım Kaya (born 1992), Turkish female hammer thrower
• Markus Kaya (born 1979), German footballer
• Mihriban Kaya (born 1996), Turkish female Paralympian track and field athlete
• Nihan Kaya (born 1979), Turkish female writer
• Onur Kaya (born 1986), Belgian footballer of Turkish descent
• Özlem Kaya (athlete) (born 1990), Turkish female middle distance runner
• Özlem Kaya (swimmer) (born 1992), Turkish female Para swimmer
• Rümeysa Pelin Kaya (born 2000), Turkish sport shooter
• Semih Kaya (born 1991), Turkish footballer
• Serkan Kaya (born 1984), Turkish marathon runner
• Şükrü Kaya (1883-1959), Turkish politician
• Zehra Kaya (born 2004), Turkish female karateka
• Zübeyde Kaya (born 1991), Turkish women's footballer

Kaya (written: 萱) is also a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:

• Okinori Kaya (賀屋 興宣, 1889–1977), Minister of Finance of Japan
• Kazuma Kaya (萱 和磨, born 1996), Japanese artistic gymnast
• Prince Kaya Kuninori (賀陽宮邦憲王, 1867–1909), a member of the Japanese imperial family
• Prince Kaya Tsunenori (賀陽宮恒憲王, 1900–1978), a member of the Japanese imperial family