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((Short description|Neighborhood in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA))
((Multiple issues|
((update|date=January 2023))
((More citations needed|date=April 2009))
))
((coord|42|21|44|N|71|5|3|W|format=dms|display=title))
'''Kendall Square''' is a neighborhood in [[Cambridge, Massachusetts]]. The [[Town square|square]] itself at the intersection of Main Street and Broadway.<ref>See sign in photo at https://www.technologyreview.com/s/540206/the-past-and-future-of-kendall-square/ ((Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191017214222/https://www.technologyreview.com/s/540206/the-past-and-future-of-kendall-square/ |date=2019-10-17 ))</ref> It also refers to the broad business district east of Portland Street, northwest of the [[Charles River]], north of [[MIT]] and south of Binney Street. 
[[File:Cambridge, Massachusetts, Kendall Square Area, 1903.jpg|thumb|right|Cambridge, Massachusetts, Kendall Square Area, 1903; George W. and Walter S. Bromley, Civil Engineers]]
Kendall Square has been called "the most innovative square mile on the planet", in reference to the high concentration of [[entrepreneurship|entrepreneurial]] [[startup company|start-ups]] and quality of [[innovation]] which have emerged in the vicinity of the square since 2010.<ref>((cite web|url=https://kendallsquare.mit.edu/|title=Kendall Square Initiative|publisher=MIT|access-date=December 1, 2016|archive-date=January 17, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170117064252/https://kendallsquare.mit.edu/|url-status=live))</ref><ref>((cite web|url=https://www.boston.com/news/innovation/2013/05/02/when-a-neighborhood-is-crowned-the-most-innovative-square-mile-in-the-world-how-do-you-keep-it-that-way/|title=When a neighborhood is crowned the most innovative square mile in the world, how do you keep it that way?|author=Lelund Cheung|publisher=Boston Globe Media Partners, LLC|access-date=December 1, 2016|archive-date=August 15, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815031136/https://www.boston.com/news/innovation/2013/05/02/when-a-neighborhood-is-crowned-the-most-innovative-square-mile-in-the-world-how-do-you-keep-it-that-way/|url-status=live))</ref>

The neighborhood has about 50,000 people who work in the area on a daily basis and a growing residential population.<ref name="Logan201712">((cite news |last=Logan |first=Tim |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2017/12/14/kendall-square-will-finally-get-market-roche-bros-coming-mit/HLDhnpMlHPg4yCZlG7amXL/story.html |title=Booming Kendall Square will get a long-sought supermarket as MIT projects advance |work=[[The Boston Globe]] |date=2017-12-14 |access-date=2017-12-15 |archive-date=2017-12-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171214184917/https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2017/12/14/kendall-square-will-finally-get-market-roche-bros-coming-mit/HLDhnpMlHPg4yCZlG7amXL/story.html |url-status=live ))</ref>

==Industrial district (c.1800–1990) ==
[[File:Kendall Boiler and Tank Company building.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|A building once part of the [[Kendall Boiler and Tank Company]], a landmark at Binney and Third Streets]]
Originally a [[salt marsh]] on the [[Charles River]] between Boston and Cambridge,<ref name="hotel">((cite web|url=http://www.kendallhotel.com/about-us/history/ |title=History of the Kendall Hotel in Cambridge, Massachusetts |publisher=[[Kendall Hotel]] |work=Kendallhotel.com |access-date=2014-07-07 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819072648/http://kendallhotel.com/about-us/history/ |archive-date=2014-08-19 ))</ref> Kendall Square has been an important transportation hub since the construction of the [[West Boston Bridge]] in 1793,((Citation needed|date=December 2023)) which provided the first direct wagon route between the two settlements. By 1810, the [[Broad Canal]] had been dug, which would connect with a system of smaller canals in this [[East Cambridge]] seaport area.

From 1880 to 1910, the eastern part of Cambridge hosted a variety of industries, including "printing and publishing, musical instruments (especially organs and pianos), furniture, clothing, carpenters<!--sic--> work, soap and candles, and biscuit making." Heavy machinery was also produced here. Cambridge was once the third-largest [[Meat packing industry|pork packer]] in the US.<ref name="chs">Cambridge Historical Commission, ''Survey of Architectural History in Cambridge: Report One: East Cambridge'', 1965, p. 15</ref>

One of these factories was the [[Kendall Boiler and Tank Company]].  The square was named after the company, which in turn was named after one of its owners, Edward Kendall.<ref>((cite web |url=http://kendallboiler.com/our-history/ |title=Our History |publisher=Kendall Boiler and Tank Co., Inc. |work=Kendallboiler.com |access-date=2014-07-07 |archive-date=2014-07-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714194733/http://kendallboiler.com/our-history/ |url-status=live ))</ref>  The square itself consisted of the triangle defined by Main Street, Broadway, and the short stretch of Third Street between them, now the site of the ''[[Galaxy: Earth Sphere]]'' fountain and the surrounding plaza.<ref>1903 city map https://www.flickr.com/photos/reedsturtevant/11958529505 ((Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161110154806/https://www.flickr.com/photos/reedsturtevant/11958529505 |date=2016-11-10 ))</ref>

When the [[Longfellow Bridge]] replaced the West Boston Bridge in 1907, it included provisions for a future rapid-transit [[rapid transit|subway]] link to [[Harvard Square]] and Boston (now the [[Red Line (MBTA)|Red Line]]); the original [[Kendall/MIT (MBTA station)|Kendall subway station]] was opened in 1912.  In 1916, the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] moved from its original campus in [[Back Bay, Boston]] to its new Cambridge campus, located south of Kendall Square between Main Street and Massachusetts Avenue.  Since then, the proximity of MIT, whose campus eventually expanded into Kendall Square, has influenced much of the development of the area, and contributed to its development as a technology hub.

[[World War I]] consumed a great deal of Cambridge's production. After the war, other products were also produced: "soap, rubber goods, books, metal products, electrical equipment, furniture, ink, pianos, candy and ice cream". The Boston Woven Hose company and [[Lever Brothers]] were major employers, and Cambridge became the second-largest industrial city in Massachusetts.<ref name="chs"/>

After [[World War II]], manufacturing stagnated, and from 1945 to 1965, the heaviest industries&mdash;"food, chemicals, rubber, plastics, machinery"&mdash;declined by 30-50%. At the same time, technical work grew by 35%.<ref name="chs"/>

In 1961, after announcing<ref>[[wikisource:Special Message to the Congress on Urgent National Needs]]</ref> the [[Apollo Program|American effort to land a man on the moon]], President [[John F. Kennedy]] (a Massachusetts native) wanted to make Cambridge the site of [[NASA]]'s newly expanded [[mission control center]]. Kennedy allowed his vice president [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] (a native Texan) to choose [[Houston, Texas]] for the complex, now the [[Johnson Spaceflight Center]].((dubious|date=December 2023)) To mark the beginning of construction, Kennedy would give his "[[We choose to go to the Moon]]" speech in [[Houston]], not Cambridge. (A Cambridge urban legend is that the [[Kennedy assassination]] is what moved Mission Control from Cambridge to Houston, but this is untrue.<ref>((cite news |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/2023/11/24/business/nasa-center-kendall-square/ |title=‘Cambridge, we have a problem’: The true story of NASA’s center in Kendall Square |author=Scott Kirsner |newspaper=[[The Boston Globe]] |date=November 24, 2023))</ref>)

In 1964, Kendall Square got a much smaller NASA Electronic Research Center instead. President [[Richard M. Nixon]] would shut it down only five years later.<ref name=Kirsner>((cite news|last=Kirsner|first=Scott|title=Making better use of parcel in Kendall Square|url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2014/02/02/underused-parcel-kendall-square-could-put-better-use-government-would-sell/MIxAawAL7tqYvGssmwpJjN/story.html|access-date=2014-04-01|newspaper=Boston Globe|date=February 2, 2014|archive-date=2014-03-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140330224822/http://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2014/02/02/underused-parcel-kendall-square-could-put-better-use-government-would-sell/MIxAawAL7tqYvGssmwpJjN/story.html|url-status=dead))</ref>

Former Massachusetts Governor [[John A. Volpe]], who served as US Secretary of Transportation (DOT) from 1969 to 1973, succeeded in getting the former NASA buildings rededicated to a new DOT research center, which was later named the [[John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center]] in his memory. For the next twenty years, other large parcels of Kendall Square, which had also been cleared in anticipation of a much larger NASA complex, were an unoccupied post-industrial wasteland.<ref name="Kirsner" />

Another contribution came when [[Harvard University]] announced plans to construct a [[biocontainment|high-containment lab]] in which it would experiment with [[recombinant DNA]].  Opposition from Cambridge mayor [[Alfred Vellucci]] resulted in the city council passing a three-month moratorium and convening a citizen's committee to study the issue.  The resulting regulations passed in 1977 by the council provided certainty for research and development organizations, and led to the creation of the Kendall biotechnology cluster. The first companies taking advantage of this were Harvard spin-off Genetics Institute (which ended up in Cambridge after opposition in Boston and Somerville, and which would eventually become part of [[Pfizer]]), and [[Biogen]], which located in the city in 1982.<ref>((cite news |title=How Cambridge became the life sciences capital |url=http://www.betaboston.com/news/2016/03/17/how-cambridge-became-the-life-sciences-capital/ |author=Scott Kirsner |date=17 March 2016 |newspaper=[[The Boston Globe]] |access-date=25 September 2018 |archive-date=25 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180925065657/http://www.betaboston.com/news/2016/03/17/how-cambridge-became-the-life-sciences-capital/ |url-status=dead ))</ref><ref>[http://www.wbur.org/radioboston/2018/06/05/kendall-square-biotech How Kendall Square Became The Epicenter Of The Biotech World] ((Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180925104200/http://www.wbur.org/radioboston/2018/06/05/kendall-square-biotech |date=2018-09-25 )) (audio)</ref>

==Office, research, retail, and housing developments (1990–present) ==
[[File:Cambridge Skyline.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|Kendall Square viewed from across the [[Charles River]]]]
In the 1990s and 2000s, the area northeast of Kendall, in the direction of the then-new [[CambridgeSide Galleria]] shopping mall was transformed from an industrial area<ref name="hotel"/> into a collection of office and research buildings, housing over 150 [[biotechnology]] and [[information technology]] firms ((as of|2011|lc=y)).((citation needed|date=March 2020)) In 1997, the surviving industrial buildings between Third, Binney, Fifth, and Rogers Streets were declared the [[Blake and Knowles Steam Pump Company National Register District]].

High technology firms are lured in part by the proximity of the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] (MIT) campus on the south side of Main Street.  MIT owns a significant amount of the commercial real estate in the square,<ref>((cite web|url=http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2010/kendall-update.html |title=MIT continues outreach regarding Kendall Square redevelopment |publisher=MIT News Office |work=Web.mit.edu |date=2010-08-10 |access-date=2014-07-07))</ref><ref>((cite web|url=http://cambridgemassachusettscondos.com/mit-to-sell-real-estate/ |title=Cambridge MIT to Sell Real Estate Holdings |publisher=Cambridge Massachusetts Condos |work=Cambridgemassachusettscondos.com |date=2010-02-26 |access-date=2014-07-07 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140905045811/http://cambridgemassachusettscondos.com/mit-to-sell-real-estate/ |archive-date=2014-09-05 ))</ref> and has been actively constructing space for new high-tech tenants as well as rebuilding its own facilities fronting Main Street. Nearby MIT facilities include the [[Stata Center]] and the [[MIT Sloan School of Management]],<ref>((cite web |url=http://mitsloan.mit.edu/newsroom/2010-e62opening.php |title=E62: The new heart of MIT Sloan |publisher=MIT Sloan School of Management |work=Mitsloan.mit.edu |access-date=2014-07-07 |archive-date=2013-12-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220134208/http://mitsloan.mit.edu/newsroom/2010-e62opening.php |url-status=dead ))</ref> as well as many other buildings of the eastern end of the [[MIT campus]].

The [[Cambridge Center]] office development is closest to the junction of Main Street and Broadway and the [[MBTA]] subway station at the traditional core of Kendall Square. On December 2, 1982, the [[Kendall/MIT station|Kendall/MIT subway station]] was renamed "Cambridge Center/MIT", although few signs were changed to reflect this.<ref name="netransit">((NETransit))</ref> There were many complaints that the MBTA had suddenly changed the name without public input, and that the new name would be confused with the next Red Line station at [[Central Square, Cambridge|Central Square]].<ref name="Crimson85">((cite news |title=City Bitties ((!)) News ((!)) The Harvard Crimson |url=http://www.thecrimson.com/article/1985/3/19/city-bitties-pwhats-in-a-name/ |access-date=2017-05-04 |work=www.thecrimson.com |date=March 19, 1985 |language=en |archive-date=2021-01-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127004455/https://www.thecrimson.com/article/1985/3/19/city-bitties-pwhats-in-a-name/ |url-status=live ))</ref> On June 26, 1985, the name was reverted to Kendall/MIT.<ref name=netransit />

The [[Cambridge Innovation Center]], a shared office space for startups and venture capital firms founded by [[Tim Rowe]] and currently((when|date=March 2020)) occupied by almost 400 small startup businesses, is also close by at One Broadway. [[Google]], [[Facebook]], and [[IBM]] have research labs located in or immediately adjacent to Kendall Square.

Many other high technology firms are in two nearby multi-building office complex parks, both located about a ((convert|1/2|mi)) from the traditional hub of Kendall Square. To the west, [[Technology Square (Cambridge, Massachusetts)|Technology Square]] is directly behind the main campus of MIT, and once housed its computer research labs. The confusingly-named [[One Kendall Square]] complex is located between Broadway and Binney Street (across from [[Landmark Theatres|Landmark]]'s Kendall Square Cinema, a small cineplex), northwest of the traditional Kendall Square hub.

The "@Kendall Square" development is located one block north of Kendall Square, and includes a mixed-use "live, work, play" community that weaves parks, an ice rink, a [[farmers market]], and a recreational boating basin through a series of office, lab, residential and retail buildings. Buildings within the @Kendall Square development have won numerous design awards including the AIA California Council's 2004 Architectural Design Merit Award, the Boston Society of Architects' 2004 Interior Architecture/Interior Design Honor Award, the Chicago Athenaeum 2004 American Architecture Award, the AIA 2004 Excellence in Sustainable Design Award, and the AIA COTE 2004 Top Ten Green Projects Award.((citation needed|date=December 2013))

In 2016, the City of Cambridge approved MIT's plans for six major buildings with floorspace totaling ((convert|1,800,000|sqft)) as part of its "Kendall Square Initiative" development.<ref name="Acitelli">((cite web |last1=Acitelli |first1=Tom |title=M.I.T.'s Kendall Square project—the latest one—gets officially underway |url=https://boston.curbed.com/boston-development/2018/10/11/17958092/mit-kendall-square-initiative-boeing |website=Curbed Boston |publisher=Vox Media LLC |access-date=2020-03-23 |language=en |date=11 October 2018 |archive-date=2020-03-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323190739/https://boston.curbed.com/boston-development/2018/10/11/17958092/mit-kendall-square-initiative-boeing |url-status=live ))</ref><ref name="mitcap">((cite web |title=Kendall Square Initiative |url=https://capitalprojects.mit.edu/projects/kendall-square-initiative |website=Capital Projects. |publisher=MIT |access-date=2020-03-23 |archive-date=2020-03-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323190750/https://capitalprojects.mit.edu/projects/kendall-square-initiative |url-status=live ))</ref><ref name="mit-ksi">((cite web |title=Kendall Square Initiative |url=http://kendallsquare.mit.edu/ |website=kendallsquare.mit.edu |publisher=MIT |access-date=2020-03-23 |archive-date=2020-03-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323190748/http://kendallsquare.mit.edu/ |url-status=live ))</ref> One building, at 314 Main Street, will have as a principal tenant, the [[Boeing Company]], which will lease ((convert|100,000|sqft)) of lab and office space.<ref name="Acitelli"/>

By 2014, a [[United States Department of Transportation|U.S. Department of Transportation]] building complex and its surrounding parking lots and open land at the western end of Kendall Square constituted one of the largest remaining areas not already subject to 21st century development.<ref name="Kirsner"/> [[The Boston Globe|The ''Boston Globe'']] published an article describing possible plans to repurpose the DOT property for future redevelopment, which would require federal approval for relocation of the DOT center, probably to a more-compact building with underground parking.<ref name="Kirsner"/> A related article described some ideas on how to use the DOT land more effectively.<ref name=4GlobeIdeas>((cite news|title=What to do with 15 acres in Kendall Square?|url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/business/2014/02/02/the-missing-link-complete-urban-fabric/YAaGVUl3aLUGakeN4G7IRO/story.html|access-date=2014-04-01|newspaper=Boston Globe|date=February 2, 2014|archive-date=2014-04-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407061244/http://www.bostonglobe.com/business/2014/02/02/the-missing-link-complete-urban-fabric/YAaGVUl3aLUGakeN4G7IRO/story.html|url-status=live))</ref>

In January 2017, MIT signed an agreement with the [[General Services Administration|federal government]] to purchase the ((convert|14|acre|adj=on)) site of the [[John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center]] in Kendall Square, for $750 million.<ref name="Logan201701"/> As a part of the agreement, MIT will build a new replacement research facility for the Department of Transportation, before demolishing the existing building for redevelopment of the entire parcel.<ref name="Logan201701"/> Long-term planning has begun for the site, which is not expected to accelerate development until the Kendall Square Initiative construction has largely been completed.<ref name="Logan201701">((cite news |last1=Logan |first1=Tim |title=MIT closes $750m deal to redevelop Volpe Center in Kendall Square |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/business/2017/01/18/mit-pay-million-for-volpe-site-kendall-square/sraiHdp2NVeIYVaJse3kGJ/story.html |access-date=2020-03-23 |work=BostonGlobe.com |date=January 18, 2017 |archive-date=2020-03-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323190813/https://www.bostonglobe.com/business/2017/01/18/mit-pay-million-for-volpe-site-kendall-square/sraiHdp2NVeIYVaJse3kGJ/story.html |url-status=live ))</ref>

==Businesses and organizations==
<!-- This article should NOT try to develop a comprehensive business directory inappropriate for Wikipedia, especially since the Kendall Square Association maintains and updates its own online one -->
The Kendall Square Association is the official business and civic development organization for Kendall Square, and was formed by approximately 80 organizations in February 2009. Its motto is "We share more than a future, we share a sidewalk".((citation needed|date=March 2020)) It has developed and distributed a free "Kendall Square Walking Map" showing destinations and attractions within a 10-minute walking radius from Kendall/MIT station.<ref name="KSA-map">((cite web |title=Kendall Square Walking Map |url=https://www.kendallsq.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/2016-KSA-Walking-Map.pdf |website=Kendall Square Association |access-date=2020-03-23 |archive-date=2020-03-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323195609/https://www.kendallsq.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/2016-KSA-Walking-Map.pdf |url-status=dead ))</ref>

Several hotels are located in Kendall Square, including the Boston Marriott Cambridge, the Cambridge Residence Inn, and the [[Kendall Hotel]], and several more hotels are located within walking distance. There have also been several large condominium and rental developments, greatly expanding the residential population of the area. ((as of|2020)), MIT is building residences for 450 graduate students, plus 290 affordable or market-rate units.<ref name="BLDUP">((cite web |title=MIT Kendall Square Initiative |url=https://www.bldup.com/projects/mit-kendall-square-initiative |website=BLDUP |access-date=2020-03-23 |archive-date=2020-01-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200121074832/http://www.bldup.com/projects/mit-kendall-square-initiative |url-status=live ))</ref>

The MIT branch of the [[Harvard/MIT Cooperative Society]] ("The Coop") has for decades operated a modest department store and general bookstore at 325 Main Street, as Kendall Square's largest retailer. In February 2019, the store moved to smaller temporary quarters at 80 Broadway, to allow for demolition of the building housing its former location. A new, taller 16-story building will be constructed on the site, and the Coop is expected to move into a space larger than its temporary quarters, but possibly smaller than its previous space at that location.<ref>((cite news |last1=Hennacy |first1=Kaitlyn |title=MIT COOP building to be demolished, replaced |url=https://thetech.com/2019/02/14/mit-coop-moving |access-date=2020-03-23 |work=The Tech |date=February 14, 2019 |language=en |archive-date=2020-03-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323210447/https://thetech.com/2019/02/14/mit-coop-moving |url-status=live ))</ref>

In December 2017, [[Roche Bros]] and MIT agreed to put a supermarket in the center of the Kendall business and residential district.<ref name="Logan201712"/> The store, opened in November 2019 at One Broadway, is a ((convert|12,000|sqft|adj=on)) small-format "Brothers Marketplace" which offers fresh, to-go, and prepared foods.<ref>((cite web |last1=Carlock |first1=Catherine |title=Check out Kendall Square's first full-service grocery store |url=https://www.bizjournals.com/boston/news/2019/11/13/check-out-kendall-square-s-first-full-service.html |website=Boston Business Journal |access-date=2020-03-24 |date=Nov 13, 2019 |archive-date=2021-01-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116220654/https://www.bizjournals.com/boston/news/2019/11/13/check-out-kendall-square-s-first-full-service.html |url-status=live ))</ref>

For decades, the [[MIT Press|MIT Press Bookstore]] was a regional attraction in the heart of Kendall Square, offering a complete selection of Press titles for browsing and retail purchase, plus a large selection of complementary works from other academic and trade publishers, including magazines and academic journals. Starting in October 2016, the Bookstore was temporarily relocated to [[Central Square, Cambridge|Central Square]], just north of the previous location of the [[MIT Museum]], because of extensive construction on its former site. In 2022, the Bookstore moved into a new building at 314 Main Street, adjacent to an existing subway entrance to Kendall/MIT station. Sharing the same building, in 2022 the MIT Museum moved to Kendall Square for the first time, including a newly expanded museum store.<ref name="MITMuseum">((cite web |title=Move to Kendall FAQs |url=https://mitmuseum.mit.edu/move-kendall-faqs |website=MIT Museum |publisher=MIT Museum |access-date=2020-03-23 |archive-date=2020-01-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200130080816/http://mitmuseum.mit.edu/move-kendall-faqs |url-status=live ))</ref><ref name="Chandler">((cite web |last1=Chandler |first1=David L. |title=A new era set to begin in Kendall Square |url=http://news.mit.edu/2016/new-era-kendall-square-initiative-cambridge-planning-board-0518 |website=MIT News |publisher=MIT |access-date=2020-03-23 |date=May 17, 2016 |archive-date=2020-03-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200314091108/http://news.mit.edu/2016/new-era-kendall-square-initiative-cambridge-planning-board-0518 |url-status=live ))</ref>

===Resident diplomatic missions===
((see also|List of diplomatic missions in Boston))
* ((flagicon|United Kingdom)) [[United Kingdom|British]] [[Consulate-General]] – One Broadway<ref>[https://www.gov.uk/world/organisations/british-consulate-general-boston British Consulate-General: Boston] ((Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180202190059/https://www.gov.uk/world/organisations/british-consulate-general-boston |date=2018-02-02 )) (Cambridge)</ref>

==Transportation access==
<!-- There should be *brief* coverage of road access, including traffic congestion, parking scarcity, and strong measures taken by MIT and local businesses to discourage driving and to encourage public transportation and ride sharing -->
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[[Kendall/MIT (MBTA station)|Kendall/MIT station]] on the [[Red Line (MBTA)|MBTA Red Line]] is located along Main Street directly beneath Kendall Square.<ref>((Cite web |title=Kendall/MIT ((!)) Stations ((!)) MBTA |url=https://www.mbta.com/stops/place-knncl?alerts_timeframe=current&tab=departures |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=www.mbta.com |archive-date=2023-12-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231219172440/https://www.mbta.com/stops/place-knncl?alerts_timeframe=current&tab=departures |url-status=live ))</ref>  [[List of MBTA bus routes|MBTA bus routes]] 64, 68, 85 and CT2 also stop here,<ref>((Cite web |title=Main St @ Kendall Station - Red Line ((!)) MBTA |url=https://www.mbta.com/stops/2231?tab=alerts |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=www.mbta.com |archive-date=2023-12-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231219172441/https://www.mbta.com/stops/2231?tab=alerts |url-status=live ))</ref> as well as the [[EZRide]] shuttle between [[Cambridgeport, Cambridge|Cambridgeport]] and [[North Station]], and a free shuttle to the [[CambridgeSide Galleria|CambridgeSide Galleria Mall]].

==Public art==
[[File:Galaxy Cambridge.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|The ''[[Galaxy: Earth Sphere]]'' sculpture by [[Joe Davis (artist)|Joe Davis]] (1989)]]
((expand section|date=March 2020))
A popular public artwork is the ''[[Kendall Band]]'', an interactive sound sculpture by [[Paul Matisse]], located in the [[Kendall/MIT station|Kendall/MIT subway station]] underground in the heart of the Square.

A bronze fountain sculpture, ''[[Galaxy: Earth Sphere]]'' by MIT professor [[Joe Davis (artist)|Joe Davis]], is installed at the junction of Main Street and Broadway in the Square. The fountain was designed to have flowing water and to emit low-temperature steam, but has been partially or completely non-operational for years at a time.<ref name="Levy">((cite web |last1=Levy |first1=Marc |title=Kendall fountain flows again after complicated repairs |url=http://www.cambridgeday.com/2010/07/16/kendall-fountain-flows-again-after-complicated-repairs/ |website=Cambridge Day |access-date=2020-03-23 |date=17 July 2010 |archive-date=2019-11-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191117234113/http://www.cambridgeday.com/2010/07/16/kendall-fountain-flows-again-after-complicated-repairs/ |url-status=live ))</ref>

Small stainless-steel [[bicycle parking rack]]s have been installed on sidewalks in the area, with various science-themed shapes, such as a [[sine wave]] or a [[caffeine]] molecule. They were commissioned in 2012 from five local artists after a public competition run by the City of Cambridge.<ref name="Racks">((cite web |title=Artist Designed Bike Racks - Cambridge Arts |url=https://www.cambridgema.gov/arts/publicart/artistdesignedbikeracks |website=www.cambridgema.gov |publisher=City of Cambridge, Massachusetts |access-date=2020-03-23 |archive-date=2020-03-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323160838/https://www.cambridgema.gov/arts/publicart/artistdesignedbikeracks |url-status=live ))</ref>

==References==
((Reflist|colwidth=30em))

== Further reading ==
* ((cite book |title=Where Futures Converge: Kendall Square and the Making of a Global Innovation Hub |year=2022 |author=Robert Buderi |publisher=MIT Press |isbn=978-0262046510))

== External links ==
((commons category))
*[https://kendallsquare.org/ Official website]

[[Category:Economy of Massachusetts]]
[[Category:High-technology business districts in the United States]]
[[Category:Neighborhoods in Cambridge, Massachusetts]]
[[Category:Squares in Cambridge, Massachusetts]]

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