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((Short description|American historian (1912–2009)))
((More citations needed|date=October 2014))
((Infobox academic
| name = Kenneth Milton Stampp
| image = 
| image_size = 
| caption = 
| birth_date = ((Birth date|1912|7|20))
| birth_place = [[Milwaukee, Wisconsin]] U.S.
| death_date = ((Death date and age|2009|7|10|1912|7|20))
| death_place = [[Oakland, California]] U.S.
| other_names = 
| work_institution = [[University of California, Berkeley]] <br /> [[University of Maryland, College Park]] <br /> [[University of Arkansas]]
| alma_mater = [[University of Wisconsin, Madison]] <br /> [[University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee|Milwaukee State Teachers' College]]
| known_for = [[Slavery]], [[American Civil War]], [[Reconstruction era of the United States|Reconstruction]]
| occupation = 
| nationality = 
))

'''Kenneth Milton Stampp''' (12 July 1912((spaced ndash))10 July 2009), Alexander F. and May T. Morrison Professor of History Emeritus at the [[University of California, Berkeley]] (1946–1983), was a celebrated historian of [[slavery]], the [[American Civil War]], and [[Reconstruction era of the United States|Reconstruction]]. He was a visiting professor at [[Harvard University]] and [[Colgate University]], Commonwealth Lecturer at the [[University of London]], Fulbright Lecturer at the [[University of Munich]], and held the Harmsworth Chair at [[Oxford University]]. In 1989, he received the [[American Historical Association]] Award for Scholarly Distinction. In 1993, he won the prestigious [[Lincoln Prize]] for lifetime achievement given by the Civil War Institute at [[Gettysburg College]].

==Life and career==
Stampp was born in [[Milwaukee, Wisconsin]], in 1912; his parents were of German Protestant descent.  His mother was a Baptist who forbade alcohol and strictly observed the Sabbath; his father, a tough disciplinarian in the old-world German style.((Citation needed|date=December 2010))

His family suffered through the [[Great Depression]], "there was never enough money," but Stampp worked a number of small odd jobs as a teen, managing to save enough to afford tuition, first, at [[University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee|Milwaukee State Teachers' College]], and then at the [[University of Wisconsin, Madison]]. He earned both his B.A. and M.A. there in 1935 and 1936 respectively under the influences of [[Charles A. Beard]] (author of ''An Economic Interpretation of the Constitution of the United States'') and [[William B. Hesseltine]] (known for coining the phrase about intellectual history: it's "like nailing jelly to the wall").  Hesseltine supervised Stampp's dissertation; Stampp remembered him as a "bastard" during this time, but the two managed to work together successfully through the completion of Stampp's Ph.D. in 1942. He then spent brief stints at the [[University of Arkansas]] and the [[University of Maryland, College Park]], 1942–46, before joining the faculty at Berkeley.  His teaching tenure ran 37 years; in 2006, Stampp celebrated ''six decades'' of association there.((Citation needed|date=December 2010))

During his undergraduate years at Wisconsin, Stampp was a member of the [[Theta Xi]] fraternity.<ref>((cite book|title=Badger Yearbook|year=1934|publisher=University of Wisconsin|location=Madison, WI|pages=377))</ref>

He died two days before his 97th birthday on July 10, 2009, in [[Oakland, California]].<ref name = "Weber">Weber, Bruce. [https://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/15/arts/15stampp.html?_r=1&hpw "Kenneth M. Stampp, Civil War Historian, Dies at 96".] ''The New York Times'', 15 July 2009. P. A8. Retrieved 20 July 2009.</ref>

===''The Peculiar Institution''===
In his first major book, ''[[The Peculiar Institution]]: Slavery in the Ante-Bellum South'' (1956), Stampp countered the arguments of historians such as [[Ulrich Phillips]], who characterized slavery as an essentially benign and paternalistic institution that promoted Southern racial harmony. Stampp asserted, to the contrary, that African Americans actively resisted slavery, not just through armed uprisings but also through work slowdowns, the breaking of tools, theft from masters, and diverse other means.  Through a lengthy scholarly career, Stampp insisted that the moral debate over slavery lay at the crux of the Civil War, rather than other reasons related to the economic or political relationship between the Federal Government and the states.<ref>[http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2009/07/22/BA7L18QE61.DTL  Kevin Fagan, "Kenneth Stampp, historian at UC Berkeley, dies"], ''San Francisco Chronicle,'' 22 July 2009.  D-5</ref><ref>Stampp, Kenneth. America in 1857: A Nation on the Brink (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990)</ref> Later work by other historians qualified certain of the book's claims,((Citation needed|date=December 2010)) but ''The Peculiar Institution'' remains a central text in the study of U.S. slavery.

===Criticism of the Dunning School===
His next study, ''[[The Era of Reconstruction, 1865-1877]]'', also revised a scholarly stronghold, that of the story put forth by [[William A. Dunning]] (1857–1922) and his school of followers. In this rendering, the South emerges mercilessly beaten, "prostrate in defeat, before a ruthless, vindictive conqueror, who plundered its land and ... turned its society upside down...."((citation needed|date=February 2012)) The North's greatest sin, according to Dunning, consisted of relinquishing control of the Southern governments to "ignorant, half-civilized former slaves."((citation needed|date=February 2012))

To systematically refute Dunning's interpretation, Stampp amassed a trove of secondary sources. He was criticized for not employing more primary material.((Citation needed|date=December 2010))  Stampp's rejoinder was seen by some historians as a pro-Northern rationalization: though he clearly admitted that the North walked out on [[Reconstruction era|Reconstruction]]((citation needed|date=July 2021)) while it was nowhere near completion, he went on to claim that in light of the passage of the [[Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution|14th]] and [[Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution|15th amendment]]s, Reconstruction was a success; he deemed it "the last great crusade of the nineteenth-century romantic reformers."<ref>Kenneth Stampp, The Era of Reconstruction, 1865-1877 (New York: Vintage Books, 1967), 101.</ref> But for an equal number of other historians, Stampp's appraisal rang as eminently "temperate, judicious and fair-minded."((citation needed|date=February 2012))

==Major monographs==

*''Indiana Politics During the Civil War'' (1949) [revised dissertation]
*''And the War Came: The North and the Secession Crisis, 1860-1861'' (1950)
*''[[The Peculiar Institution]]: Slavery in the Ante-Bellum South,'' Knopf (1956); Vintage (1989) ((ISBN|0-679-72307-2))
*''The Causes of the Civil War'' (1959) editor
*''Andrew Johnson and the Failure of the Agrarian Dream'' (1962)
*''The Era of Reconstruction, 1865-1877,'' Knopf (1965); Vintage (1967) ((ISBN|0-394-70388-X))
*''The Southern Road to Appomattox'' (1969)
*''Reconstruction: An Anthology of Revisionist Writings'' (1969) co-editor
*''The Imperiled Union: Essays on the Background of the Civil War'' (1980)
*''America in 1857: A Nation on the Brink'' (1990)
*''The United States and National Self-Determination: Two Traditions'' (1991)

==Notes==
((Reflist))

==References==
Much of the information for this article is drawn from three principal sources:
*John G. Sproat, "Kenneth M. Stampp," in ''Dictionary of Literary Biography'' vol. 17: ''Twentieth-Century American Historians'', ed. Clyde N. Wilson. (Detroit, Mich.: Gale Research Co., 1983), 401–407;
*[http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/kt258001zq "Kenneth M. Stampp, Historian of Slavery, the Civil War, and Reconstruction, University of California, Berkeley, 1946-1983"], an oral history conducted in 1996 by Ann Lage, Regional Oral History Office, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley, 1998.  Available from the Online Archive of California
*Theodore Binnema, "Kenneth M. Stampp," ''Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing'', vol. 2, ed. Kelly Boyd. (London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, 1997), 1144–1145.

((Authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Stampp, Kenneth Milton))
[[Category:1912 births]]
[[Category:2009 deaths]]
[[Category:Harvard University faculty]]
[[Category:Historians of the American Civil War]]
[[Category:Historians of the Southern United States]]
[[Category:Historians of the Reconstruction Era]]
[[Category:Historians of race relations]]
[[Category:Writers from Milwaukee]]
[[Category:University of Arkansas faculty]]
[[Category:University of California, Berkeley faculty]]
[[Category:University of Maryland, College Park faculty]]
[[Category:University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni]]
[[Category:Lincoln Prize winners]]
[[Category:20th-century American historians]]
[[Category:American male non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:Harold Vyvyan Harmsworth Professors of American History]]
[[Category:Historians from California]]
[[Category:Historians from Wisconsin]]
[[Category:20th-century American male writers]]

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