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((More citations needed|date=June 2018))
((Infobox political party
| name             = Kenseikai
| native_name      = 憲政会
| logo             = 
| colorcode        = ((party color|Kenseikai))
| leader           = ((Plainlist|
* [[Katō Takaaki]]
* [[Wakatsuki Reijirō]]))
| chairperson      = 
| president        = 
| spokesperson     = 
| foundation       = ((Start date|1916|10|10))
| dissolved        = ((End date|1927|06|27))
| merger           = [[Rikken Dōshikai]]<br>[[Chūseikai]]<br>[[Kōyū Club]]
| successor        = [[Rikken Minseitō]]
| headquarters     = Tokyo
| country          = Japan
))

[[File:R. Wakatsuki at Kenseikai meeting.jpg|right|thumb|270px|Wakatsuki Reijirō at a Kenseikai meeting]]
The ((nihongo|'''Kenseikai'''|憲政会||"Constitutional Politics Association")) was a short-lived [[political party]] in the pre-war [[Empire of Japan]].

==History==
The ''Kenseikai'' was founded on 10 October 1916, as a merger of the ''[[Rikken Dōshikai]]'' (led by [[Katō Takaaki]]), ''[[Chūseikai]]'' (led by [[Ozaki Yukio]]) and the ''[[Kōyū Club]]'' (a minor opposition group). Led by Katō Takaaki, the new party was united by its opposition to the policies of the ruling ''[[Rikken Seiyūkai]]'' under [[Prime Minister of Japan|Prime Minister]] [[Ōkuma Shigenobu]]. The party was supported financially by the [[Mitsubishi]] ''[[zaibatsu]],'' due to family ties with Katō Takaaki. Party leaders included [[Osachi Hamaguchi|Hamaguchi Osachi]] and [[Adachi Kenzō]]. The merger gave the ''Kenseikai'' a total of 198 seats in the [[House of Representatives of Japan|Lower House]] of the [[Diet of Japan]], thus forming a majority, and raised the expectation that Katō Takaaki would become the next Prime Minister.

However, the position of Prime Minister was a direct appointment from the [[Emperor of Japan|Emperor]] per advice provided by the ''[[genrō]]'', and in this case, the ''genrō'' unexpectedly nominated General [[Terauchi Masatake]] instead. In protest, the ''Kenseikai'' initiated a [[no confidence motion]], which subsequently dissolved the Diet and led to the political isolation of the ''Kenseikai'' for almost a decade. During its period in the opposition, the Kenseikai strongly opposed the [[Siberian Intervention]] and pushed for greater rights for [[labor union]]s.<ref>Garon. The State and Labor in Modern Japan p. 63–65</ref>

In the [[1924 Japanese general election|1924 General Election]], the ''Kenseikai'' secured 150 seats, making it the largest single party in the Lower House, but without a majority. Katō agreed to form a [[coalition government]] with the ''Rikken Seiyukai'' (led by [[Takahashi Korekiyo]]), which had 100 seats, and the ''[[Kakushin Club]]'' (led by [[Inukai Tsuyoshi]]), which had 30 seats. This three-party coalition (''Goken Sampa Naikaku'') was the first ruling coalition government in Japanese history, and used its majority to focus on domestic political reform and a moderate foreign policy.

It pushed strongly for rule under the [[Meiji Constitution]], without influence or control by the ''genrō''. It also favored universal male [[suffrage]] (which led to the [[General Election Law]]) and much needed reforms in labor laws and in the [[Agriculture in the Empire of Japan|economic situation for farmers]]. However, despite its liberal image, the coalition passed the [[Peace Preservation Law]] in 1925.

Following Katō's death, the party was led by [[Wakatsuki Reijirō]], but his cabinet was unable to weather the [[Shōwa financial crisis]] of 1927. The ''Kenseikai'' merged with the ''[[Seiyū Hontō]]'' in June 1927 to form the ''[[Rikken Minseitō]]''.

== Election results ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
! rowspan="2" |Election year
! colspan="2" |Votes
! rowspan="2" |Seats
! rowspan="2" |Change
|-
!Number
!Percentage
|-
|[[1917 Japanese general election|'''1917''']]
|467,518
|36.0%
|((Composition bar|121|381|#87cefa))
|((Steady))
|-
|[[1920 Japanese general election|'''1920''']]
|715,500
|27.5%
|((Composition bar|110|464|#87cefa))
|((Decrease|9)) 11
|-
|[[1924 Japanese general election|'''1924''']]
|872,533
|29.3%
|((Composition bar|151|464|#87cefa))
|((Increase)) 41
|}

==References==
*((cite book | last = Garon  | first = Sheldon | year = 2001 | title = The State and Labor in Modern Japan | publisher = Palgrave Macmillan | isbn = 0-312-23915-7))
*((cite book | last = Gordon  | first = Andrew | year = 2008 | title = A Modern History of Japan: From Tokugawa Times to the Present  | publisher = Oxford University Press | isbn = 978-0-19-533922-2 ))
* [[Marius Jansen|Jansen, Marius B.]] (2000). ''The Making of Modern Japan.'' Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ((ISBN|9780674003347)); [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/44090600  OCLC 44090600]
*Mason, RHP. ''A History of Japan''. Tutte Publishing (1987). ((ISBN|0-8048-2097-X))
*((cite book | last = Sims | first = Richard | year = 1990 | title = Japanese Political History Since the Meiji Renovation 1868–2000 | publisher = University of California Press | isbn = 0-520-06838-6 ))

((Reflist))

((Japanese Empire political parties))
((Authority control))

[[Category:Defunct liberal political parties]]
[[Category:Defunct political parties in Japan]]
[[Category:Liberal parties in Japan]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 1916]]
[[Category:Political parties disestablished in 1927]]
[[Category:1916 establishments in Japan]]
[[Category:1927 disestablishments in Japan]]
[[Category:Politics of the Empire of Japan]]

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