The Khanakul II CD Block is part of the Dwarakeswar-Damodar inter-riverine plain with alluvial soil. The Mundeswari flows through the region, carrying water from the Damodar and joins the Rupnarayan at the tri-junction of the Hooghly, Howrah and Purba Medinipur districts.[1] It is a flood prone area.[2][3]
Geography
Map of Hooghly district showing CD blocks and municipal areasMap of Khanakul II CD block Sowing GP areas
Khanakul II CD Block is bounded by Khanakul I CD Block in the north, Udaynarayanpur CD Block, in Howrah district, in the east, Amta II CD Block, in Howrah district, in the south, and Daspur II and Ghatal CD Blocks, in Paschim Medinipur district, in the west.
It is located 72 km from Chinsurah, the district headquarters.
Khanakul II CD Block has an area of 121.83 km2. It has 1 panchayat samity, 11 gram panchayats, 145 gram sansads (village councils), 53 mouzas and 52 inhabited villages. Khanakul police station serves this block.[4] Headquarters of this CD Block is at Khanakul.[5][6]
Gram panchayats of Khanakul II block/ panchayat samiti are: Chingra, Dhanyaghori, Jagatpur, Marokhana, Natibpur I, Natibpur II, Palaspai I, Palaspai II, Rajhati I, Rajhati II and Sabal Singhapur.[7]
Demographics
Population
As per the 2011 Census of India, Khanakul II CD Block had a total population of 184,734, all of which were rural. There were 93,379 (51%) males and 90,755 (49%) females. Population below 6 years was 22,035. Scheduled Castes numbered 55,544 (30.07%) and Scheduled Tribes numbered 29 (0.02%).[8]
As per the 2001 census, Khanakul II block had a total population of 160,861, out of which 79,564 were males and 81,297 were females. Khanakul II block registered a population growth of 6.90 per cent during the 1991-2001 decade. Decadal growth for Hooghly district was 15.72 per cent.[9] Decadal growth in West Bengal was 17.84 per cent.[10]
Large villages (with 4,000+ population) in Khanakul II CD Block are (2011 census figures in brackets): Hirapur (5,486), Ramchandrapur (5,299), Kaknan (5,833), Dhanyaghari (5,482), Ghoradaha (6,707), Jagatpur (7,142), Bara Nandanpur (4,763), Nandanpur (7,778), Marakhana (5,526), Hayatpur (7,805), Harish Chak (9,705), Sabalsinghapur (10,109), Rajhati (6,677), Routkhana (6,114), Ranjitbati (4,208), Chinra (12,924), Natibpur (6,466), Balpai (5,856), Palashpai (6,450) and Mostafapur (5,670).[8]
Literacy
As per the 2011 census the total number of literates in Khanakul II CD Block was 128,790 (79.16% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 71,206 (86.12% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 57,584 (71.96% of the female population over 6 years). The gender disparity (the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 14.16%.[8]
As per the 2001 census, Khanakul II block had a total literacy of 49.27 per cent. While male literacy was 72.54 per cent, female literacy was 38.76 per cent.[11]
As per the 2011 census, majority of the population of the district belong to the Hindu community with a population share of 82.9% followed by Muslims at 15.8%. The percentage of the Hindu population of the district has followed a decreasing trend from 87.1% in 1961 to 82.9% in the latest census 2011. On the other hand, the percentage of Muslim population has increased from 12.7% in 1961 to 15.8% in 2011 census.[13]
In 2011 census Hindus numbered 155,566 and formed 84.21% of the population in Khanakul II CD Block. Muslims numbered 28,946 and formed 15.67% of the population. Others numbered 222 and formed 0.12% of the population.[12]
Bengali is the predominant language, spoken by 99.95% of the population.[14]
Rural poverty
As per poverty estimates obtained from household survey for families living below poverty line in 2005, rural poverty in Khanakul II CD Block was 16.47%.[15]
Economy
Livelihood
Livelihood in Khanakul II CD Block
Cultivators (19.14%)
Agricultural labourers (29.25%)
Household industries (7.68%)
Other Workers (43.93%)
In Khanakul II CD Block in 2011, amongst the class of total workers, cultivators formed 19.14%, agricultural labourers 29.25%, household industry workers 7.68% and other workers 43.93%.[16]
Infrastructure
There are 52 inhabited villages in Khanakul II CD Block. 100% villages have power supply. All 52 villages have more than one source of drinking water (tap, well, tube well, hand pump). 5 villages have sub post offices. 47 villages have landlines, 47 villages have public call offices and 51 villages have mobile phone coverage. 32 villages have pucca roads and 16 villages have bus service (public/ private). 19 villages have agricultural credit societies and 6 villages have commercial/ co-operative banks.[17]
Important Handicrafts of Hooghly District
Zari Work on Sari - Pandua, Pursurah, Jangipara, Tarakeswar and other blocks - 3,000 families involved
Chikon Embroidery – Babnan, Pandua, Singur - 2,500 families involved
Some of the primary and other hats or markets in the Khanakul II CD Block are: Bander market, Magareenga market, Morarkhana market, Natibpur hat, Rajhati market, Balipur hat, Chatrasati hat, Melam market, Krishnanagar market, Modharanga market, Marakhena market, Thakrani Chawk and 24-pore hat.[18]
The Tebhaga movement launched in 1946, in 24 Parganas district, aimed at securing for the share-croppers a better position within the existing land relation structure. Although the subsequent Bargadari Act of 1950 recognised the rights of bargadars to a higher share of crops from the land that they tilled, it was not implemented fully. Large tracts, beyond the prescribed limit of land ceiling, remained with the rich landlords. From 1977 onwards major land reforms took place in West Bengal. Land in excess of land ceiling was acquired and distributed amongst the peasants.[19] Following land reforms land ownership pattern has undergone transformation. In 2013-14, persons engaged in agriculture in Khanakul II CD Block could be classified as follows: bargadars 20.93%, patta (document) holders 3.60%, small farmers (possessing land between 1 and 2 hectares) 0.48%, marginal farmers (possessing land up to 1 hectare) 33.36% and agricultural labourers 41.63%.[16]
Khanakul II CD Block had 96 fertiliser depots, 39 seed stores and 49 fair price shops in 2013-14.[16]
In 2013-14, Khanakul II CD Block produced 1,102 tonnes of Aman paddy, the main winter crop from 823 hectares, 16,374 tonnes of Boro paddy (spring crop) from 6,129 hectares, 114 tonnes of Aus paddy (summer crop) from 52 hectares, 24 tonnes wheat from 9 hectares, 23,090 tonnes of jute from 1,207 hectares and 15,076 tonnes of potatoes from 2,000 hectares. It also produced pulses and oilseeds.[16]
In 2013-14, the total area irrigated in Khanakul II CD Block was 7,261 hectares, out of which 2,000 hectares were irrigated by canal water, 850 hectares by tank water, 2,960 hectares by river lift irrigation, 720 hectares by deep tube wells and 731 hectares by shallow tube wells.[16]
Banking
In 2013-14, Khanakul II CD Block had offices of 5 commercial banks and 3 gramin banks.[16]
Transport
Khanakul II CD Block has 11 ferry services and 4 originating/ terminating bus routes. The nearest railway station is 25 km from CD Block headquarters.[16]
Education
In 2013-14, Khanakul II CD Block had 150 primary schools with 12,132 students, 7 middle schools with 700 students, 14 high schools with 8,804 students and 8 higher secondary schools with 11,985 students. Khanakul II CD Block had 254 institutions for special and non-formal education with 8,462 students[16]
In Khanakul II CD Block, amongst the 52 inhabited villages, all villages have schools, 48 villages had more than 1 primary school, 24 villages had at least 1 primary and 1 middle school and 18 villages had at least 1 middle and 1 secondary school.[17]
Healthcare
In 2014, Khanakul II CD Block had 1 block primary health centre, 3 primary health centre and 1 private nursing home with total 40 beds and 5 doctors (excluding private bodies). It had 28 family welfare subcentres. 1,412 patients were treated indoor and 316,145 patients were treated outdoor in the hospitals, health centres and subcentres of the CD Block.[16]
Khanakul II CD Block is one of the areas of Hooghly district where ground water is affected by moderate level of arsenic contamination. The WHO guideline for arsenic in drinking water is 10 mg/ litre, and the Indian Standard value is 50 mg/ litre. In Hooghly district, 16 blocks have arsenic levels above WHO guidelines and 11 blocks above Indian standard value. The maximum concentration in Khanakul II CD Block is 137 mg/litre.[20]
^"District Human Development Report: Hooghly"(PDF). Table 2.38: Empirical Measurement of Rural Poverty in Hooghly 2005, page 89. Development and Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2011. Archived from the original(PDF) on 7 August 2017. Retrieved 14 June 2017.
^ abcdefghi"District Statistical Handbook 2014 Hooghly". Tables 2.7, 17.2, 16.1, 18.1, 18.2, 20.1, 21.2, 4.4, 3.1, 3.3 – arranged as per use. Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal. Retrieved 15 October 2018.
^"District Human Development Report: South 24 Parganas". (1) Chapter 1.2, South 24 Parganas in Historical Perspective, pages 7-9 (2) Chapter 3.4, Land reforms, pages 32-33. Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2009. Archived from the original on 5 October 2016. Retrieved 7 August 2016.
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