The Kings of Byblos were the rulers of Byblos, the ancient Phoenician city in what is now Lebanon.

Scholars have pieced together the fragmented list from various archaeological finds since the 19th century.[1]

Early period

Some kings of Byblos from an early period are known from Egyptian and local finds:[2][3]

Egyptian period

Phoenician golden age

See also: Byblian royal inscriptions

Assyrian period

Ashurnasirpal II received tributes from the kings of the sea coast, among them the king of Byblos.[7]

Persian period

Based on coins:[13]

Roman period

See also

References

  1. ^ Kitchen, K. A. (1967). "Byblos, Egypt, and Mari in the Early Second Millennium B.C.". Orientalia. 36 (1): 39–54. JSTOR 43074138.
  2. ^ Kitchen, K. A. (1967). "Byblos, Egypt, and Mari in the Early Second Millennium B.C.". Orientalia. 36 (1): 40–42. JSTOR 43074138.
  3. ^ See also Albright, W. F. (1964). "The Eighteenth-Century Princes of Byblos and the Chronology of Middle Bronze". Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research (176): 38–46. doi:10.2307/1355576. ISSN 0003-097X. JSTOR 1355576. S2CID 163708413.
  4. ^ Knudtzon, Jørgen Alexander (1915). Die El-Amarna-Tafeln. Vol. 1. Hinrichs’schke Buchhandlung. letters EA 68–93, 95, 102–138 (and EA 96, sent to Rib-Hadda).
  5. ^ Knudtzon, Jørgen Alexander (1915). Die El-Amarna-Tafeln. Vol. 1. Hinrichs’schke Buchhandlung. letters EA 139, 140.
  6. ^ "Wenamen's Journey". Reshafim. Archived from the original on 2013-01-21.
  7. ^ Albert Kirk Grayson (1991). Assyrian Rulers of the Early First Millennium BC I (1114–859 BC). University of Toronto Press. pp. 218–219.
  8. ^ Tadmor, Hayim; Yamada, Shigeo (2011). The Royal Inscriptions of Tiglath-Pileser III, King Of Assyria (744-727 BC) And Shalmaneser V (726-722 BC), Kings of Assyria. Eisenbrauns. pp. 44, 46–47 (the passage repeats in pp. 70, 77, 123, 133).
  9. ^ Kirk Grayson, A.; Novotny, Jamie (2012). The royal inscriptions of Sennacherib, king of Assyria (704-681 BC). Part 1. Eisenbrauns. pp. 64 (the passage repeats in pp. 114, 131, 175, 192).
  10. ^ Kirk Grayson, A.; Novotny, Jamie (2014). The royal inscriptions of Sennacherib, king of Assyria (704-681 BC). Part 2. Eisenbrauns. pp. 183, 188, 238.
  11. ^ Leichty, Erle (2011). The Royal Inscriptions of Esarhaddon, King of Assyria (680-669 BC). Eisenbrauns. pp. 23–24 (the passage repeats in pp. 46).
  12. ^ Novotny, Jamie; Jeffers, Joshua (2018). The Royal Inscriptions of Ashurbanipal (668–631 BC), Aššur-etel-ilāni (630–627 BC), and Sîn-šarra-iškun (626–612 BC), Kings of Assyria, Part 1. Eisenbrauns. pp. 116–117 (the passage repeats in pp. 141–142). This part of the first campaign is not described in the early versions of the pescription, as explained in p. 109.
  13. ^ Sader, Hélène (2019). The History and Archaeology of Phoenicia. Atlanta: SBL. pp. 85–86. ISBN 978-1-62837-255-7.
  14. ^ Slouschz, Nahoum (1942). Thesaurus of Phoenician Inscriptions (in Hebrew). Dvir. p. 14.
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