You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reasons:

This IP address has been blocked from editing Wikipedia.
This does not affect your ability to read Wikipedia pages.
Most people who see this message have done nothing wrong. Some kinds of blocks restrict editing from specific service providers or telecom companies in response to recent abuse or vandalism, and can sometimes affect other users who are unrelated to that abuse. Review the information below for assistance if you do not believe that you have done anything wrong.

The IP address or range 44.201.0.0/16 has been blocked (disabled) by ‪ST47‬ for the following reason(s):

The IP address that you are currently using has been blocked because it is believed to be a web host provider. To prevent abuse, web hosts may be blocked from editing Wikipedia.
You will not be able to edit Wikipedia using a web host provider because it hides your IP address, much like a proxy or VPN.
We recommend that you attempt to use another connection to edit. For example, if you use a proxy or VPN to connect to the internet, turn it off when editing Wikipedia. If you edit using a mobile connection, try using a Wi-Fi connection, and vice versa. If you are using a corporate internet connection, switch to a different Wi-Fi network. If you have a Wikipedia account, please log in.
If you do not have any other way to edit Wikipedia, you will need to request an IP block exemption.

How to appeal if you are confident that your connection does not use a web host's IP address:
If you are confident that you are not using a web host, you may appeal this block by adding the following text on your talk page: ((unblock|reason=Caught by a web host block but this host or IP is not a web host. My IP address is _______. Place any further information here. ~~~~)). You must fill in the blank with your IP address for this block to be investigated. Your IP address can be determined here. Alternatively, if you wish to keep your IP address private you can use the unblock ticket request system. There are several reasons you might be editing using the IP address of a web host (such as if you are using VPN software or a business network); please use this method of appeal only if you think your IP address is in fact not a web host.

Administrators: The IP block exemption user right should only be applied to allow users to edit using web host in exceptional circumstances, and they should usually be directed to the functionaries team via email. If you intend to give the IPBE user right, a CheckUser needs to take a look at the account. This can be requested most easily at SPI Quick Checkuser Requests. Unblocking an IP or IP range with this template is highly discouraged without at least contacting the blocking administrator.

This block will expire on 23:54, 31 July 2024.

Even when blocked, you will usually still be able to edit your user talk page, as well as email administrators and other editors.

For information on how to proceed, please read the FAQ for blocked users and the guideline on block appeals. The guide to appealing blocks may also be helpful.

Other useful links: Blocking policy · Help:I have been blocked
Your IP address is in a range that has been blocked on all Wikimedia Foundation wikis. The block was made by ‪AntiCompositeNumber‬. The reason given is Open proxy/Webhost: Visit the FAQ if you are affected .
- Start of block: 13:55, 18 August 2022
- Expiry of block: 13:55, 18 April 2025
Your current IP address is 44.201.219.156. The blocked range is 44.201.0.0/16. Please include all above details in any queries you make. If you believe you were blocked by mistake, you can find additional information and instructions in the No open proxies global policy. Otherwise, to discuss the block please post a request for review on Meta-Wiki. You could also send an email to the stewards VRT queue at stewards@wikimedia.org including all above details.

You can view and copy the source of this page:

((Short description|Martial art))
((More citations needed|date=August 2015))

((Infobox martial art
| logo         =
| logocaption  =
| logosize     =
| image        =Calligraphie_noro.png
| imagecaption = "Kinomichi", calligraphy by [[Masamichi Noro]].
| imagesize    = 100px
| name         = Kinomichi<br/>(氣之道)
| aka          =
| focus        = [[Grappling]]
| hardness     = Non-competitive
| country      = [[Japan]], [[France]]
| creator      = [[Masamichi Noro]]<br/>(野呂 昌道 ''Noro Masamichi'', born 1935)
| parenthood   = [[Aikido]]
| famous_pract =
| olympic      = No
| website      = http://www.kinomichi.com
))

((Nihongo|'''Kinomichi'''|氣之道)) is a [[martial art]] in the tradition of [[budō]], developed from the [[Japan]]ese art [[aikido]] by [[Masamichi Noro]] and founded in [[Paris]], [[France]], in 1979. Masamichi Noro was one of the live-in students (''[[uchideshi]]'') of [[Morihei Ueshiba]], the founder of [[aikido]].<ref>[http://www.aikidojournal.com/encyclopedia.php?entryID=518] ((webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060309182037/http://www.aikidojournal.com/encyclopedia.php?entryID=518|date=March 9, 2006))</ref> Designated "Delegate for Europe and Africa" by Morihei Ueshiba, Noro debarked in [[Marseille]] on September 3, 1961, preceding Nakazono and [[Nobuyoshi Tamura|Tamura]] in the communal construction of a European and African aikido.<ref>[http://www.kiia.net/English/M_Noro_Eng.htm] ((webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927065150/http://www.kiia.net/English/M_Noro_Eng.htm|date=September 27, 2007))</ref> In France, Kinomichi is affiliated with the Fédération Française d’Aïkido, Aïkibudo, Kinomichi et disciplines Associées (FFAAA) and maintains warm relations with the [[Aikikai|Aikikai Foundation]] and its leader, [[Moriteru Ueshiba]], the grandson of aikido’s founder.

== Origins ==
((unreferenced section|date=January 2010))
In the same way that Morihei Ueshiba created aikido from the [[Daito-ryu aiki-jujutsu]] of Sokaku Takeda, Masamichi Noro extended his research to the creation of Kinomichi, founded on the technique, principles and philosophy of aikido. This natural process in the world of the Japanese budōs does not constitute a denial or an objection to what came before but, rather, the natural expression and evolution of a living art - the opening of a new path and new possibility.

For Masamichi Noro, the most essential elements of training are peace and its realization. Beginning from and adhering to these two elements places Man, like a link, between Earth and Sky. This union, holding in harmony the Way of the Sky, the Way of the Earth and the Way of Man, releases an ascending energy (ki in Japanese, qi in Chinese), from the ground upward, from the feet, through the grasp and beyond. The generation of energy takes its source from the ground and the intent, flows through the energy centers in the body, including the [[Hara (tanden)|hara]] located in the abdomen, and is modulated by the heart of the practitioner.

== Characteristics ==

=== Energy and Heart  ===
Masamichi Noro's teaching focuses on ki and the heart (''shin'' in Japanese). From a physiological perspective, the body produces movement by activating the [[muscle]]s, whose efforts are sustained by the work of the [[cardiovascular system|cardiovascular]] and [[respiratory system]]s. This understanding of the generation of energy stems from the European [[Age of Enlightenment]]<ref>Histoire du corps : Volume 1, De la Renaissance aux Lumières », Georges VIGARELLO, pp.286-302, éditions Seuil, Paris, 2005, ((ISBN|2-02-022452-6))</ref> and does not take into account the possibility of the Far Eastern conception based on ki. The Japanese budō teachers developed methods for mobilizing ki and pedagogic methods to teach it, and Noro's teaching is an adaptation of this to the western body and mind. The technique consists of conducting ki: borrowing, directing and restoring the ki. Thus, it is not so much a question of energy being produced out of a center, but of its flowing from the Earth toward the Sky, from the support of the earth toward the partner, along an arm, a stick or a sword. If the orientation is vertical, the direction given has to be ascending. To this end, Masamichi Noro  turns to the heart (shin 心). According to his perspective, the shin not only makes it possible to feel the other but, moreover, to surpass the antagonism of oneself and others. "If it is advantageous for me to rise, I must admit that it is then the same for the other, and that the effect of the technique does not belong uniquely to me but to both of us." The shin is the condition for an empathy, a movement toward the other. In this sense, we are able to understand the words of Morihei Ueshiba: "My Aikido is love"「合氣は愛なり」. If the ki sustains the gesture, the shin modulates its palpitation. It harmonizes two cadences, which allows the partners to veer toward aïki, the harmonization of breaths. For Masamichi Noro, the couple ki - shin is of such fundamental importance that he requires it at the highest level.

=== Ki ===
The Western concept of the world rests on a distinction between the physical domain, which is tangible, and its complement, the metaphysical plane, beyond the physical, a separation that corresponds to the books of [[Aristotle]] (384 / 322 B.C.). The Chinese concept, and by extension the Japanese, perceives the ki (or in Chinese ''qi'') as "a breath, influx or vital energy which animates the entire universe [... ]  Simultaneously spirit and matter, the breath ensures the organic coherence of the living order at all levels".<ref name="Anne Cheng">((cite book
| author= Anne Cheng
| title = Histoire de la pensée chinoise
| location = Paris 
| publisher = Les éditions de l'Éveil
| isbn = 978-2-02-012559-8
| year = 1997 |language=fr)) 
</ref>

Ki circulates, and humans are vessels, channels and conductors of ki. Kinomichi creates a particular circulation that according to kinomichi theory makes it possible for each individual to rise, from the earth toward the sky, from ''chi'' towards ''ten'' through man. Masamichi Noro reclaims as his own the vision of his master, Morihei Ueshiba, who used his techniques to perfect the proper circulation of the ki within himself and toward his partner, or uke in Japanese.<ref>Nguyen Thanh Thiên, “Dans la spirale du Kinomichi” to be translated soon((When|date=December 2022)). See Sources.</ref>

===Shin===
The shin, or heart/mind, cannot be separated from the ki. Referring again to the work of Anne Cheng, "Man is not only animated [by qi] in every aspect, he draws from it his criteria of value, whether of a moral or artistic nature. The source of moral energy, the qi, far from representing an abstract concept, is felt most profoundly in the being and in his flesh." The shin as heart is simultaneously an organ and a space of perception. As an organ, the shin invites us to feel the other, to experience his ki, to contact the partner through his energy. The shin is also a space through the continuity of experience one feels when confronted with the emotion, effort and understanding in the other, in their body, and in the breath revealing ki. The shin is a sign of our energy’s health: a perverted shin indicates a weak ki; a generous shin is testimony of strong ki. Kinomichi’s shin responds to the [[Confucius|Confucian]] invitation to live the joy of the practice, the pleasure of the encounter and the happiness of sharing "with the friend who comes from afar.<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.confucius.org/lunyu/ed0101.htm|title=Lun Yu - English|work=Confucius.org|accessdate=2015-08-28))</ref> "  It continues the research of Morihei Ueshiba to make of his art a bridge between men. Masamichi Noro has poured into the heart of his technique the heart of his Master.

==Organization and training==
((unreferenced section|date=January 2010))

=== Techniques and initiations ===
The techniques are practiced barehanded, with a stick ([[Jō]] 杖), wooden sword ([[Bokken]] 木剣) and sword ([[Iaito]] 居合刀), upright or kneeling, with control or with throws, with one partner or many, in a systematic manner or freely. The technical wealth of this art and its profuse variations might make it seem complex. However, a thorough study with the support provided by the presence of a master allows one to understand its principles and, thus, glimpse its underlying simplicity. In this way, each variation opens a door toward its sister variations. Reiterating the didactic approach of his master, Morihei Ueshiba, Masamichi Noro  retained 10 techniques as a base. The apprenticeship is done in levels or “Initiations” of study.
 
*Initiation 1:  6 basic movements
*Initiation 2:  19 movements with the 6 basic movements
*Initiation 3:  33 movements with 2 forms of approach
*Initiation 4:  111 movements with 8 forms of approach
*Initiation 5:  all movements with 16 forms of approach, with one or several partners
*Initiation 6:  advanced forms of approach, reserved for some advanced students, study of new tools such as tanto, tessen, etc.
*Initiation 7
At Initiation 5, the curriculum introduces advanced forms of approach and work with multiple partners. '''While the base of the primary Initiations is centered on the study of ki, levels 5 and 6 orient the practitioner toward an application of shin and a technical expertise.''' The aim of the work on ki is shin, and the study of shin is the next level. In the Far East, the organ dedicated to the mind is the heart. The manifestation of shin distinguishes a high level practice.
This manner of discovering the art of Kinomichi is maybe what most characterises the art of Masamichi Noro sensei. The path set by a master is the signature of his art despite the mountain being common to all martial arts.

=== Non-competition ===
As in the ancient, traditional Japanese schools, or [[koryū]], there is no degree or [[dan rank]] in Kinomichi. Titles distinguish the level of study and not the student. There is no competition.

== Principles ==

=== A Practice that Unites ===
Obedient to a desire to harmonize forces ([[Aiki (martial arts principle)|Aiki]] in Japanese 合気) the technique is oriented toward the preservation of the other and oneself, an extension of the movement and not its obstruction, a stretching of the limbs and not an articular constraint. It is practiced by children, teenagers and adults, including seniors. Its treasures are explored by men and women, each according to their own sensibilities. Differences, often a source of conflict, are at the heart of the listening, regard and touch. They are an opportunity for surpassing oneself, for an encounter, and for reunion. Allying comfort and effort, pleasure in the body’s opening and physical work, leisurely activity and high level practice, Kinomichi surpasses what some call paradox. It fuses in the hearth of the practice the antagonisms that cause such opposition and conflict. The Oriental arts are understood by putting one’s footsteps in those of the Masters.

=== Action with a No Profit Mind ===
In response to a question posed by Arnaud Desjardins((Who|date=December 2022)) on his art, Masamichi Noro  answered: "If I were able to explain my art, I would no longer need to study it." Kinomichi is a traditional art in the way that it was created, its transmission and evolution. That which is said today annuls that which belonged to the past, and what is written now is erased in the face of the art that pierces through the moment to come. As a budō arising from far eastern thought, Kinomichi is ”no profit", mushotoku <ref>[http://www.zen-road.org/teachings/english/taisen-deshimaru-en/using-religion/] ((webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070808163521/http://www.zen-road.org/teachings/english/taisen-deshimaru-en/using-religion/|date=August 8, 2007))</ref> according to the terminology of [[Zen]] . Benefits from such activity (such as physical health, mental stimulation or developing the capacity to respond and act) may form the Means to the Way, but must not be mistaken for the Way.

=== A Budō ===
Kinomichi is a Japanese [[budō]].((Citation needed|date=June 2007)) The spirit of practice in the dojo can be expressed with these words : "Not without the body, not solely through the body."

Indeed, Kinomichi is a practice whose framework par excellence is the dojo. It cannot be cut off from the recognition of Masamichi Noro without wilting. Kinomichi is a link between the latter, his teaching and the community of his students. It rests on a double link, toward the budōs as a whole, on one side, and toward its creator on the other. Loyalty to its roots imposes a deepening of meaning of the practice, thus advancing in alliance with technique toward the principles in order to illustrate the Way. The roots of Kinomichi lie in the hope of the Masters of old that their achievements be pushed forward by generations to come.

== References ==
((Reflist))

== Sources ==
*'''2008''' « [http://affinitiz.com/space/kischool.usa/content/article---masamachi-noro--man-of-peace_87718F06-3123-42E0-B824-2412AC7D3621  Masamachi Noro: man of peace]((Dead link|date=October 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes )) » An interview of Masamichi NORO sensei. Translation by Ann Moradian and Guillaume Badou.
*'''2006''' « [https://web.archive.org/web/20071014161923/http://www.ki-school.fr/spirale%20kinomichi_gb.html Within the Spiral of Kinomichi] » article by Nguyen Thanh Thiên in Dragon n°16 Juillet/Août.
*'''2005''' ((in lang|fr)) « Une rencontre de l’Aïkido et du Kinomichi » with Masamichi Noro and Christian Tissier, DVD, Gabriel TURKIEH, Production Altomedia,
* '''2003''' ((in lang|fr)) « [http://www.bushido-ni.rs/aikido_mag_0312.pdf Le mouvement universel du ki]((dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes )) » interview of Masamichi Noro sensei in Aikido Magazine December 2003
*'''1996''' ((in lang|fr)) « Le Kinomichi, du mouvement à la création. Rencontre avec Masamichi Noro . » Raymond Murcia, Editeur Dervy-Livres, Collection Chemins De L'harmonie, ((ISBN|2-85076-806-5))
*'''1992''' ((in lang|fr)) « La pratique du Kinomichi avec maître Noro  » Daniel Roumanoff Editeur Criterion Collection L'homme relié, ((ISBN|2-7413-0040-2))

== External links ==
*[http://www.kinomichi.com Masamichi Noro ’s Dojo in Paris]
*[http://www.ffaaa.com Federation in France: Fédération Française d'Aïkido, Aïkibudo et Affinitaires]

((martial arts))
((Grappling))
((Spirituality-related topics))

[[Category:Gendai budo]]

Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page (help):

Kinomichi (edit)
Template:Ambox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Catalog lookup link (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Category handler (view source) (protected)
Template:Citation needed (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite book (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite web (view source) (protected)
Template:Dead link (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Delink (view source) (protected)
Template:Find sources mainspace (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Fix (view source) (protected)
Template:Fix/category (view source) (protected)
Template:Grappling (edit)
Template:Hlist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:ISBN (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Icon (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:In lang (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Infobox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Infobox martial art (view source) (semi-protected)
Template:Main other (view source) (protected)
Template:Martial arts (view source) (semi-protected)
Template:More citations needed (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Navbox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Navbox with collapsible groups (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Nihongo (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Template:Reflist (view source) (protected)
Template:Reflist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:SDcat (view source) (protected)
Template:Short description (view source) (protected)
Template:Short description/lowercasecheck (view source) (protected)
Template:Spirituality-related topics (edit)
Template:Template other (view source) (protected)
Template:Unreferenced (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Unreferenced section (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Webarchive (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:When (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Who (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Yesno (view source) (protected)
Template:Yesno-no (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Yesno-yes (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Arguments (view source) (protected)
Module:Catalog lookup link (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Category handler (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/blacklist (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/shared (view source) (protected)
Module:Check for unknown parameters (view source) (protected)
Module:Check isxn (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Citation/CS1 (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/COinS (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Delink (view source) (protected)
Module:Disambiguation/templates (view source) (protected)
Module:Exponential search (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/config (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/links (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/templates/Find sources mainspace (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Icon (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Icon/data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:In lang (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Infobox (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Infobox/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:InfoboxImage (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang/ISO 639 synonyms (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang/data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana languages (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana regions (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana scripts (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana suppressed scripts (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana variants (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Message box (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/ambox.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbox (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/configuration (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox with collapsible groups (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Nihongo (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/disambiguation (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/setindex (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/softredirect (view source) (protected)
Module:SDcat (view source) (protected)
Module:String (view source) (protected)
Module:TableTools (view source) (protected)
Module:Unicode data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Unicode data/scripts (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Unsubst (view source) (protected)
Module:Webarchive (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Webarchive/data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Wikitext Parsing (view source) (protected)
Module:Yesno (view source) (protected)

Return to Kinomichi.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinomichi"