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((Short description|Town and civil parish in Cumbria, England))
((Use dmy dates|date=July 2022))
((Use British English|date=February 2014))
((Infobox UK place
|static_image_name = Ruskins View.jpg
|static_image_caption = Ruskin's View
|country = England
|coordinates = ((coord|54.201|-2.597|display=inline,title))
|official_name = Kirkby Lonsdale
|type = Town and civil parish
|population = 1,843
|population_ref = ''(2011 Census)''<ref name=census2011/>
|civil_parish = Kirkby Lonsdale
|unitary_england = [[Westmorland and Furness]]
|lieutenancy_england = [[Cumbria]]
|region = North West England
|constituency_westminster = [[Westmorland and Lonsdale (UK Parliament constituency)|Westmorland and Lonsdale]]
|post_town = CARNFORTH
|postcode_district = LA6
|postcode_area = LA
|dial_code = 015242
|os_grid_reference = SD6178
|pushpin_map = United Kingdom South Lakeland
|pushpin_map_caption = Location in the former South Lakeland district
|label_position = left
))

'''Kirkby Lonsdale''' (((IPAc-en|ˈ|k|ɝː|b|i|_|ˈ|l|ɒ|n|z|d|eɪ|l))) is a town and [[civil parishes in England|civil parish]] in the [[Westmorland and Furness]] district of [[Cumbria]], England, on the [[River Lune]]. [[Historic counties of England|Historically]] in [[Westmorland]], it lies ((convert|13|mi|km)) south-east of [[Kendal]] on the [[A65 road|A65]]. The parish recorded a population of 1,771 in the [[United Kingdom Census 2001|2001 census]],<ref>((cite web |url=http://www.cumbria.gov.uk/eLibrary/Content/Internet/536/642/1369/3936414473.pdf |title=Parish headcount |access-date=13 January 2009 |publisher=[[Cumbria County Council]] |archive-date=29 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181229075640/https://www.cumbria.gov.uk/eLibrary/Content/Internet/536/642/1369/3936414473.pdf |url-status=dead ))</ref> increasing to 1,843 at the 2011 Census.<ref name=census2011>((NOMIS2011 |id=E04002621 |title=Kirkby Lonsdale Parish |access-date=7 May 2021))</ref> 

Notable buildings include [[St Mary's Church, Kirkby Lonsdale|St Mary's Church]], a [[Norman architecture|Norman]] building with fine carved columns. The view of the River Lune from the churchyard is known as Ruskin's View after [[John Ruskin]], who called it one of the loveliest in England. It was painted by [[J. M. W. Turner]].

==Governance==
Kirkby Lonsdale is in the [[Westmorland and Lonsdale]] parliamentary constituency; [[Tim Farron]] of the [[Liberal Democrats (UK)|Liberal Democrats]] is the current member.<ref>((cite web |url=https://www.theyworkforyou.com/mp/tim_farron/westmorland_and_lonsdale |title=Tim Farron |work=theyworkforyou.com |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130601182051/http://www.theyworkforyou.com/mp/tim_farron/westmorland_and_lonsdale |archive-date=1 June 2013 ))</ref>

In local government the town is within [[Westmorland and Furness]]. Until 2023 it was in the Kirkby Lonsdale [[Wards and electoral divisions of the United Kingdom|ward]] of [[South Lakeland]] District Council and the Sedbergh & Kirkby Lonsdale Division of [[Cumbria County Council]]. It has a [[Parish councils in England|parish council]], Kirkby Lonsdale Town Council.<ref>((cite web |url=https://www.kirkbylonsdale.co.uk/town-council |title=Kirkby Lonsdale Town Council))</ref>

==Early history==
Early signs of occupation include a [[Neolithic]] stone circle on Casterton Fell and remains of Celtic settlements at [[Barbon]], [[Middleton, Cumbria|Middleton]] and [[Hutton Roof, South Lakeland|Hutton Roof]].

During the Roman period, a [[Roman road]] followed the [[River Lune]], linking forts at Low Borrow Bridge near [[Tebay]] and [[Over Burrow Roman Fort|Over Burrow]], south of Kirkby Lonsdale. A [[Roman milestone]] unearthed in 1836 and described as "the best in the country" was re-erected on a hill near Hawkin Hall (SD 623 859), close to where it was found.

[[File:St Mary's Church, Kirkby Lonsdale, Cumbria - geograph.org.uk - 929251.jpg|thumb|St Mary's Church]]
Kirkby Lonsdale developed at a crossing over the River Lune, where drovers' and pack-horse routes converged. It is one of few Cumbrian towns mentioned in the 1086 [[Domesday Book]], where it is called Cherchibi (village with a church). An earlier church was rebuilt by the [[Normans]], who erected an artificial mound or [[motte]] on nearby [[glebe]] land. A wooden tower or keep is thought to have surmounted the stronghold as a base for controlling the surrounding area.

In later years, the mound was used for [[cockfighting]], hence the current name of Cockpit Hill. In 1093, Ivo de Taillebois ([[Barony of Kendal|Baron of Kendal]]) granted the [[St Mary's Church, Kirkby Lonsdale|church at Kirkby Lonsdale]] to St Mary's Abbey in York, which held it until the [[Dissolution of the Monasteries|Dissolution]]. Thereafter the abbey and its possessions, including St Mary's Church, passed to [[Trinity College, Cambridge]], which retains the [[advowson|patronage]] to this day.

In 1227, the town gained a [[market charter]] and the right to hold an annual fair every September. Each week stallholders gathered in Market Street to sell their wares, as did horse traders in the Horsemarket and pig sellers in Swinemarket. Thursday was as now the scene of great activity. Kirkby has an annual festival called the Victorian Fair.<ref>((cite web |title=Kirkby Lonsdale, Cumbria - History, Travel, and accommodation information |url=https://www.britainexpress.com/attractions.htm?attraction=2317 |access-date=7 July 2022 |website=Britain Express ))</ref>

==19th century onward==
((Moresources|section|date=December 2022))
The weekly market and daily throughput of drovers and pack-horse carriers created a bustling town, with a total of 29 inns and alehouses, of which eight remain. By the early 19th century, the old market area was becoming too congested and a new market place was built in 1822.

[[Image:Mitchelgate.jpg|thumb|right|260px|upright|Mitchelgate in Kirkby Lonsdale]]
The steep incline of Mill Brow with its fast-flowing, now culverted stream was the industrial heart of Kirkby Lonsdale, with several mills using water power for grinding corn, bark and bone, carding wool, manufacturing snuff, making bobbins and [[fulling]] cloth, and sawing timber.

The [[Keighley and Kendal Turnpike]] of 1753 passed through Kirkby Lonsdale and met there with a turnpike from [[Milnthorpe]] on the coast. In 1818, the two trusts were amalgamated.<ref name="kendale">((cite web |url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=49337#s4 |title=Introduction To The Main Roads of Kendale |work= British Historyac.uk |access-date=30 September 2012 |page=18))</ref> [[Kirkby Lonsdale railway station]], ((convert|2|mi|km|0)) away in [[Lancashire]], opened in 1861 and closed to passengers in 1954.

Today Kirkby Lonsdale remains a busy town with a market. The centre has a mixture of elegant 18th-century buildings and stone cottages huddled round cobbled courtyards and narrow alleyways, with names such as Salt Pie Lane and Jingling Lane.

[[St Mary's Church, Kirkby Lonsdale|St Mary's Church]] is an active [[Anglican parish church]] in the deanery of Kendal, the archdeaconry of Westmorland and Furness, and the [[diocese of Carlisle]]. Its [[benefice#Church of England|benefice]] is united with those of six local churches to form the Kirkby Lonsdale Team Ministry.<ref>((cite web |url=http://www.achurchnearyou.com/kirkby-lonsdale-st-mary-the-virgin/ |title=St Mary the Virgin, Kirkby Lonsdale |access-date=16 August 2012 |publisher=[[Church of England]]))</ref> It contains [[Norman architecture|Norman]] architecture and is recorded in the [[National Heritage List for England]] as a designated Grade I [[Listed building#England and Wales|listed building]].<ref name=nhl>((NHLE |num=1145774 |desc=Church of St Mary, Kirkby Lonsdale |access-date=16 August 2012 ))</ref>

Kirkby Lonsdale's [[Queen Elizabeth School, Kirkby Lonsdale|Queen Elizabeth School]] in Biggins Road is a secondary specialising in the performing arts, sports and languages.<ref>[http://moodle.queenelizabeth.cumbria.sch.uk/ Queen Elizabeth School.]</ref>

A two-day [[Victorian era|Victorian]] fair used to be hosted in the town each September.((When|date=December 2020)) The streets were closed to traffic and filled with traders' stalls, craft demonstrations and entertainment, while visitors were encouraged to wear Victorian dress.

[[Motorcycle|Motorbike]] enthusiasts meet every Sunday at Devil's Bridge.

==Devil's Bridge==
[[Image:Devils bridge KL.JPG|thumb|200px|right|Devil's Bridge over the River Lune in Kirkby Lonsdale]]
The town is noted for the Devil's Bridge (((coord|54.199|-2.590))), which at one time carried the Skipton to Kendal road over the River Lune. It dates from around 1370 and is built of fine [[gritstone]] [[ashlar]]. Of its three spans, the western two measure ((convert|54.75|ft|m)) each and the eastern one ((convert|29|ft|m)), or ((convert|45|ft|m)) from river to parapet. The piers are hexagonal, ((convert|60|ft|m)) round and extending upwards to provide pedestrian refuges. At the eastern end is a sundial in the form of a square block on an octagonal column.<ref name=EE/> The bridge was probably built by monks of [[St Mary's Abbey, York]].

Like many [[Devil's Bridge|bridges of the same name]], it features a legend that the [[Devil]] appeared to an old woman, promising to build a bridge in exchange for the first soul to cross over it. When the bridge was finished, the woman threw bread over the bridge and her dog chased after it, thereby outwitting the Devil. Several large stones in the surrounding area, including the [[Great Stone of Fourstones]], are ascribed to the [[Devil]]'s purse strings bursting open as he ferried masonry to build it. It was repaired in 1705 and repointed in 1829 using Roman-style cement. The eastern arch was repaired in about 1869.

The roadway on the bridge is only ((convert|12|ft|m)) wide, insufficient for modern traffic. As numbers increased the bridge was closed to vehicles in 1932.<ref>((cite web |url=http://www.engineering-timelines.com/scripts/engineeringItem.asp?id=373 |title=Devil's Bridge, Kirkby Lonsdale |publisher=Engineering Timelines |access-date=25 February 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924001156/http://www.engineering-timelines.com/scripts/engineeringItem.asp?id=373 |archive-date=24 September 2015))</ref> Traffic instead crosses the river by the Stanley Bridge, ((convert|150|m|ft|order=flip)) to the south, which was built in the 1930s. Devil's Bridge is a Grade I listed structure and a Scheduled Ancient Monument.<ref name=EE>((National Heritage List for England |num=1086899 |desc=Devils Bridge (that part in Casterton CP) |access-date=25 February 2014))</ref>

The river beneath Devil's Bridge is popular with [[Scuba Diving|scuba divers]] for its relatively easy access and egress, deep rock pools (about 16&nbsp;ft in a low swell) and good visibility. The bridge also witnesses illegal "[[tombstoning]]" (bridge diving), which has caused at least one death, of a 22-year-old man in 2012.<ref>((cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-cumbria-23246941 |title=Warning as Devil's Bridge 'tombstoning' continues despite death |publisher=BBC |access-date=25 February 2014))</ref>

==See also==
((portal|Cumbria))
*[[Listed buildings in Kirkby Lonsdale]]
*[[Lonsdale, South Australia]], named after Kirkby Lonsdale

==References==
((reflist|30em))

==External links==
((commons category|Kirkby Lonsdale))
*[http://www.cumbriacountyhistory.org.uk/township/kirkby-lonsdale Cumbria County History Trust: Kirkby Lonsdale] (nb: provisional research only – see Talk page)
((Wikivoyage|Kirkby Lonsdale))
*[http://www.kirkbylonsdale.info/ Kirkby Lonsdale visitor and local information]
*[http://www.kirkbylonsdale.co.uk/ Kirkby Lonsdale, Historic Market Town]
*[http://www.english-lakes.com/kirkby_lonsdale.html Illustrated guide to Kirkby Lonsdale]
*[https://archive.today/20130420143700/http://www.kirkbylonsdaleonline.co.uk/ Information about Kirkby Lonsdale]
*[http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=49324 Kirkby Lonsdale, British History Online]

((Cumbria))

((authority control))

[[Category:Kirkby Lonsdale| ]]
[[Category:Towns in Cumbria]]
[[Category:Westmorland]]
[[Category:Civil parishes in Cumbria]]
[[Category:South Lakeland District]]

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